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Phylogenetic confirmation of the placement of Thielavia basicola in the Ceratostomataceae based on the analysis of the D1/D2 domains of LSU sequences with the confidence values indicated at the notes same to Fig. 1. Targeted genus/species clades are discriminated with boxes in different colours. The scale bar shows the expected number of changes per site. The tree is rooted with two Berkeleyomyces species and one Microascus species in the Microascales.
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The genus Thielavia is morphologically defined by having non-ostiolate ascomata with a thin peridium composed of textura epidermoidea, and smooth, singlecelled, pigmented ascospores with one germ pore. Thielavia is typified with Th. basicola that grows in close association with a hyphomycete which was traditionally identified as Thielaviopsis basic...
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... of the placement of Thielavia basicola in the Ceratostomataceae based on LSU phylogeny (Fig. 4) The LSU alignment consisted of 19 isolates, including representatives of six genera in the family Ceratostomataceae, namely Dactylidispora, Harzia, Melanospora, Microthecium, Pseudomicrothecium and Vittatispora. Microascus trigonosporus and the two species of Berkeleyomyces residing in the Microascales were used as outgroup species. ...
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... morph. Sphaerodes was treated as a synonym of Microthecium. Microthecium was re-established for Melanospora and Sphaerodes species without the typical characters of Melanospora described above. An analysis of a LSU dataset including representative species of six genera in Ceratostomataceae confirmed the placement of Th. basicola in this family (Fig. ...
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... unique stellate shape of the ascospores is a diagnostic character to identify Stell. terricola. In the original description, the asci were described as "3-8-spored, pyriform to ovate" (Ito & Nakagiri 1994). In our examination, however, no ovate asci containing less than eight spores were observed, but most asci observed were irregularly-shaped (Fig. ...
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... The above description is based on the ex-type culture CBS 433.96 (Fig. 45). The isolate CBS 100257 was deposited as Th. dacrydioides J.C. Krug in the CBS culture collection, but no publication was found and the name was probably never validly published. Although this strain differs slightly from CBS 433.96 in colony morphology due to the formation of denser ascomata covered by less aerial mycelium (Fig. 46), ...
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... CBS 433.96 (Fig. 45). The isolate CBS 100257 was deposited as Th. dacrydioides J.C. Krug in the CBS culture collection, but no publication was found and the name was probably never validly published. Although this strain differs slightly from CBS 433.96 in colony morphology due to the formation of denser ascomata covered by less aerial mycelium (Fig. 46), our phylogenetic analyses and microscopic examination identified it as Clad. intermedium. Cladorrhinum intermedium can be easily distinguished from Clad. hyalocarpum by immersed or occasionaly sub-immersed ascomata, pyriform, obovoid or fusiform but never cylindrical asci and smaller ovoid ascospores (12.5-14.5 × 9-10 μm vs 24.5-31 × ...
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... fimicola (Corda) Ces., Hedwigia 1: 103. 1856. Fig. 48 Micromorphology: Ascomata superficial, purplish grey or iron grey in reflected light, solitary, ampulliform with a short and black beak, ostiolate, 630-1250 μm high, 330-710 μm diam. Ascomatal wall brown, opaque, of textura intricata or epidermoidea in surface view. Ascomatal hairs covering the whole ascoma, erect or flexuous, brown, ...
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The order Sordariales includes the polyphyletic family Lasiosphaeriaceae, which comprises approximately 30 genera characterized by its paraphysate ascomata, asci with apical apparati, and mostly two-celled ascospores, which have a dark apical cell and a hyaline lower cell, frequently ornamented with mucilaginous appendages. To produce a more natura...
Citations
... While the Thermothielavioides genus has been studied for thermophilic enzyme production, studies about its bioactivity and secondary metabolite profiling are limited. In 2019, Wang et al. re-evaluated its related genus Thielavia by multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (rpb2, tub2, ITS, and LSU); based on the phylogenetic relationships of the species studied, Thermothielavioides was considered as a Thielavia-like genus [39]. The isolate P16 deserves more studies to determine its identification with higher match identity scoring. ...
The endophytic fungal biodiversity of unique plants like Peperomia argyreia (Miq.) É. Morren (Piperaceae) has antimicrobial properties and can be employed for infection treatment. Fungal isolates were obtained from appropriately treated plant tissues cultured in solid media, characterized by morphology, and identified by molecular biology using ITS and NL primers. The antimicrobial properties of fungal extracts were analyzed by combining microdilution and bioautographic assays complemented with metabolic profiling by automated thin-layer chromatography and 1H NMR techniques. Thirty-one filamentous fungi were isolated and characterized by ITS and/or D1/D2 region amplification of rDNA, identified as Thermothielavioides, Trichoderma, Cyphellophora, Cladosporium, Arcopilus, Plectosphaerella; Chaetomium, Sporothrix, Alboefibula, and Penicillium. Thermothielavioides spp. inhibited Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923; moreover, Penicillium westlingii P4 showed inhibitory activity on Ascochyta rabiei AR2. The bioactivity-guided fractionation of the EtOAc extract (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL) of P. westlingii P4 allowed the purification of citrinin as the main inhibitory compound (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL). Peperomia argyreia harbors a rich and diverse endophytic community able to produce bioactive molecules. Citrinin, with a minor influence of volatile compounds biosynthesized by P. westlingii P4, was responsible for the inhibition of A. rabiei AR2.
... Additionally, these important ecosystem regulators strongly influence plant diversity and productivity [1]. The family Podosporaceae was introduced by Wang et al. [2]. It includes three redefined genera, namely, Cladorrhinum, Podospora, and Triangularia, all of which were previously classified in the family Lasiosphaeriaceae. ...
... It includes three redefined genera, namely, Cladorrhinum, Podospora, and Triangularia, all of which were previously classified in the family Lasiosphaeriaceae. Generally, species in the Podosporaceae family are plant endophytes or saprobes found on rotting wood [2]. These three genera produce single-cell pigmented ascospores or double-cell ascospores comprising a pigmented upper cell and a smaller, usually hyaline, lower cell. ...
... The genus Triangularia is typically found in terrestrial habitats, often growing as saprophytes on the ground among leaf litter or in association with plant roots [3]. Morphologically, it is characterized by the specific shape of its double-celled sexual spores, as described above [2,4]. There are currently 23 species in the genus Triangularia, and the type species is Triangularia bambusae [3]. ...
The fungal strain designated as KNUF-21-020, belonging to the genus Triangularia, was isolated from a soil sample collected in the Chungnam province, Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and partial sequences of large subunit rRNA, beta-tubulin, and RNA polymerase II subunit genes revealed that the strain was grouped in a clade with Triangularia species. However, it occupied a distinct phylogenetic position. We also observed morphological differences between strain KNUF-21-020 and closely related species. Here, we provided detailed descriptions, illustrations, and discussions regarding the morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the closely related species to support the novelty of this isolated species. The phylogenetic analyses and morphological observations indicate that the strain KNUF-21-020 represents a novel species in the genus Triangularia (family: Podosporaceae). We have designated this species as Triangularia manubriata sp. nov.
... Also, a new species of Acrophialophora liboensis was introduced from soil samples in China (Zhang et al. 2017). Later, Wang et al. (2019) transferred Chaetomium jodhpurense to Acrophialophora and also introduced the new species A. (Han et al. 2022) and were reported as endophyte of plants such as A. fusispora in stems and roots of Hedyotis diffusa, Trifolium repens, Digitaria ischaemum, Silene tenuis, Cynodon dactylon, and Alternanthera philoxeroides (Zhou et al. 2015), Acrophialophora sp. in cortical tissues of Vitex rotundifolia (Yeh and Kirschner, 2019) and in leaves of the Acacia nilotica (Shaikh et al. 2021) and also A. jodhpurensis in roots of tomato (Daroodi et al. 2021a; and in roots of wheat plants ( Daroodi and Taheri, 2023). Also, two species A. levis and A. fusispora are saprophyte, but they have been reported as opportunistic pathogens (Bhattaru et al. 2023). ...
... The sexual species A. jodhpurensis and A. teleoafricana produce dark and superficial ascomata with lateral and terminal hairs, eightspored asci and unicellular ascospores. Also, asexual morphs produce phialides and one-celled conidia (Wang et al. 2019). ...
... In this genus, no species has been introduced to produce both sexual and asexual forms so far (Wang et al. 2019). Two species A. jodhpurensis and A. teleoafricana are sexual forms and produce ascomata, asci and ascospore. ...
... Since then, several studies have been performed on the Sordariales in order to delimitate its families and their largest genera (e.g. Cai et al., 2006;Kruys et al., 2015;Miller & Huhndorf, 2005;Wang et al., 2019). Past phylogenetic studies of the Sordariales have utilized manytaxa/few-genes approaches that have substantially advanced our understanding of phylogenetic relationships inside the order. ...
... Over time, however, lack of resolution has remained an issue and many parts of the tree have remained poorly resolved (see e.g. Ament-Velásquez et al., 2020;Huang et al., 2021;Marin-Felix & Miller, 2022;Wang et al., 2019). ...
... Since then, several lasiosphaeriaceous taxa were reassigned to establish the additional families Diplogelasinosporaceae, Naviculisporaceae, and Schizotheciaceae, with the remaining species placed in Lasiosphaeriaceae sensu lato (Marin-Felix et al., 2020). Around the same time, the family Podosporaceae was introduced to accommodate the Podospora type species and was further divided into three main clades (Wang et al., 2019). However, the branching order of these three clades and the taxonomy of the Podospora type species have to date remained unresolved (e.g. ...
... ITS rDNA has been the common barcoding marker of fungal species (Schoch et al. 2012;Stielow et al. 2015;Vu et al. 2016). Polygenic phylogeny also has been used widely for species identification; for example, Wang et al. (2019) studied phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia and proposed a new family and many new species. Hou et al. (2023) redisposition of acremonium-like fungi in Hypocreales combined morphological characterisation and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. ...
As China’s urbanisation continues to advance, more people are choosing to live in cities. However, this trend has a significant impact on the natural ecosystem. For instance, the accumulation of keratin-rich substrates in urban habitats has led to an increase in keratinophilic microbes. Despite this, there is still a limited amount of research on the prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in urban areas. Fortunately, our group has conducted in-depth investigations into this topic since 2015. Through our research, we have discovered a significant amount of keratinophilic fungi in soil samples collected from various urban areas in China. In this study, we have identified and characterised 18 new species through the integration of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. These findings reveal the presence of numerous unexplored fungal taxa in urban habitats, emphasising the need for further taxonomic research in urban China.
... Nowadays, Chaetomiaceae taxonomic studies are based on a polyphasic approach, using morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S large subunit (LSU), partial β-tubulin (TUB), and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). This trend resulted in various perithecia-producing species, originally placed in Chaetomium, that are now classified into different genera, such as Amesia, Arcopilus, Botryotrichum, Collariella, Dichotomopilus, Humicola, Ovatospora, Thermochaetoides, Trichocladium, Xanthiomyces, and others (Wang et al. 2016a, 2019a, b, 2022. Currently, the Chaetomiaceae includes 50 genera and 275 species (Wang et al. 2022). ...
... We speculate that isolate COAD 3110 may be heterothallic or exclusively able to reproduce sexually in nature. However, asexual sporulation was also described for Acrophialophora (except a few species), Botryoderma, Remersonia, Myceliophthora, and some Humicola and Pseudohumicola species (Wang et al. 2019a(Wang et al. , b, 2022. ...
Interest in cave fungal diversity is flourishing because it may represent a reservoir of new species and metabolites. However, the mycobiota remains poorly studied in the underground environment, especially in neotropical regions. During surveys that aimed to investigate the fungal diversity in quartzite and limestone caves in the Southern Espinhaço Mountain in Brazil, six Chaetomiaceae isolates were obtained from different cave substrates. Five taxonomical novelties of Chaetomiaceae in Brazilian caves were discovered based on phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from the ITS, LSU, TUB, and RPB2 genes. Chaetomium meridionalense, Pseudohumicola alba, and Pseudohumicola lutea are new species found in Gruta da Extração and Gruta Velha Nova caves. Parahumicola is introduced as a new genus representing a novel phylogenetic lineage with unique morphological characteristics in the family Chaetomiaceae. This new monotypic genus is typified by P. guana, which was found in a bat guano sample in the Gruta Monte Cristo cave. Furthermore, this is the first report of Collariella bostrychodes in a neotropical cave. Overall, these findings emphasise that Brazilian caves constitute an untapped source of fungal resources.
... Wang et al. added the new species Acrophialophora teleoafricana, and they transferred Chaetomium jodhpurense to Acrophialophora as A. jodhpurense in 2019. Moreover, A. teleoafricana and A. jodhpurense are the only two species in the genus for which a sexual state is known [20]. Based on the results of a multigene phylogenetic analysis and molecular dating analyses, combined with the morphological and temperature-growth characteristics, 50 genera and 275 species are accepted in Chaetomiaceae [21]. ...
... The species of the genus Acrophialophora were found to form five distinct subclades. Originally, only asexual states were known for the genus Acrophialophora, and subsequently, A. teleoafricana and A. jodhpurense, as one of the subclades with sexual structures, were accommodated in the genus [20]. In addition, there were three Acrophialophora species: A. ampullaris, A. ampullaphora, and A. berberidis, which were not discussed in this study due to a lack of sequence support. ...
The genus Acrophialophora belongs to the family Chaetomiaceae. With the addition of new species and transferred species from other genera, the genus Acrophialophora has expanded. In this study, eight new species related to Acrophialophora were isolated from soil samples in China. Using muti-locus phylogenetic (ITS, LSU, tub2 and RPB2) analysis combined with morphological characteristics, eight new species (Acrophialophora curvata, A. fujianensis, A. guangdongensis, A. longicatenata, A. minuta, A. multiforma, A. rhombica, and A. yunnanensis) are described. Descriptions, illustrations, and notes of the new species are also provided.
... For example, Neurospora species have traditionally been based on the wall structure of ascospores (Dettman et al. 2001), but this practice remains incongruent with molecular data. Many of the traditionally defined genera in Lasiosphaeriaceae and Sordariaceae have been found to either be polyphyletic or paraphyletic (Wang et al. 2019, Marin-Felix et al. 2020, Huang et al. 2021a). Based on DNA sequence analyses, taxa initially classified under these families have been found not to be close relatives of these families (Cai et al. 2006). ...
... Based on DNA sequence analyses, taxa initially classified under these families have been found not to be close relatives of these families (Cai et al. 2006). Several recent attempts have been made for the natural classification of the group; as a consequence, polyphyletic families have been divided and several new families have been introduced (Wang et al. 2019, Marin-Felix et al. 2020, Huang et al. 2021a). However, the majority of taxa related to these higher ranks continue to lack sequence data, as they have been described over several decades ago. ...
The Sordariomycetes is a specious, morphologically diverse, and widely distributed class of the phylum Ascomycota that forms a well-supported clade diverged from Leotiomycetes. Aside from their ecological significance as plant and human pathogens, saprobes, endophytes, and fungicolous taxa, species of Sordariomycetes produces a wide range of chemically novel and diverse metabolites used in important fields. Recent phylogenetic analyses derived from a small number of genes have considerably increased our understanding of the family, order, and subclass relationships within Sordariomycetes, but several important groups have not been resolved well. In addition, there are various paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups. Moreover, the criteria used to establish higher ranks remain highly variable across different studies. Therefore, the taxonomy of Sordariomycetes is in constant flux, remains poorly understood, and is subject to much controversy. Here, for the first time, we have assembled a phylogenetic dataset containing 638 genomes representing the 156 genera, 50 families, and 17 orders and 5 subclasses of Sordariomycetes. This data set is based on 1124 genes and results in a well-resolved phylogenomic tree. We further constructed an evolutionary timeline of Sordariomycetes diversification based on the genomic data sets. Our divergence time estimate results are inconsistent with previous studies, suggesting estimates of node ages are less precise and varied. Based on these results, we discuss the higher ranks of Sordariomycetes and empirically propose an unprecedented taxonomic framework for the class.
... Boothiella is similar to Thielavia but differs by having a colourless ascomatal wall (Lodhi & Mirza 1962). Eriksson et al. (2004) and Kirk et al. (2008) proposed Boothiella should be accommodated in the family Sordariaceae, and this phylogenetic placement was confirmed by other researchers later (Vu et al. 2019, Wang et al. 2019. The sexual morph was described by having a superficial to immersed, globose to subglobose, cleistothecial ascomata, solitary to aggregated, non-ostiolate, hyaline ascomatal walled, clavate to cylindrical asci with four-spored, short pedicellate, uniseriate, evanescent. ...
... Ascospore ellipsoidal to broad ovoid, hyaline to yellow to olivaceous brown with the maturity, one-celled, with apical germ pores, however, no asexual morphs have been reported (Huang et al. 2021). Thielaviella humicola and Thielavia tetraspora were recently re-identified as Boothiella tetraspora based on evidences of morphology and phylogeny (Wang et al. 2019). This genus has a single species (B. ...
... This genus has a single species (B. tetraspora), and most collections were isolated from soil (Wang et al. 2019). Isolated from intestinal contents of dead American bullfrog larvae. ...
American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is an alien invasive species in southwest China native to the central and eastern United States and southeastern Canada. After the 19 th century, they extensively appear in aquaculture and natural environments worldwide as a delicious food but also creating a serious threat to the survival and development of native species. In the early rainy season, dead American bullfrog larvae floating on the water of unnamed ponds in Qujing Normal University, Yunnan Province, China were collected and brought to the mycology laboratory, and three interesting fungal strains were isolated from their intestinal contents. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on the resultant isolates based on multiple gene sequences (ITS, LSU, rpb2, tub2, tef1-α), and results confirmed that the three strains belong to three species, namely; Boothiella tetraspora, Sordaria macrospora and Trichoderma virens. The morphological characteristics were also used to describe the fungal taxa. Photographic plates, descriptions, and phylogenetic trees that show the placements of the fungal species are reported herein.
... jodhpurensis. For the first time in China, this strain was discovered and reported, and this fungal species was isolated [38,39]. Acrophialophora jodhpurensis is a species of genus Acrophialophora of Chaetomiaceae, first reported to be isolated from rabbit droppings in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India [40]. ...
... No conidial morph was observed (Fig 3). All these features were similar to those of the species in genus Acrophialophora of C tomiaceae as described byWang et al. (2019) [38]. ...
... No conidial morph was observed (Fig 3). All these features were similar to those of the species in genus Acrophialophora of C tomiaceae as described byWang et al. (2019) [38]. ...
Saposhnikovia divaricata is a high-demand medicinal plant containing various bioactive metabolites (e.g., chromone). However, root rot disease leads to a dramatic reduction in the yield and quality of S. divaricata. The use of rhizospheric microorganisms is one of the best strategies for biological control. In this study, a total of 104 fungi isolated from the rhizospheric soil of S. divaricata plants were examined for their different antifungal properties. Subsequently, strain MR-57 was selected as a potential stock for biocontrol due to its broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against pathogens, including F. equiseti. Based on the analysis of morphological properties and rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITSs), strain MR-57 was identified as Acrophialophora jodhpurensis (GenBank No. OK287150.1), a newly recorded species for China. In an in vitro antifungal assay, the culture filtrate of strain MR-57 significantly reduced the conidial germination rate and induced alterations in the mycelia morphology of F. equiseti, such as deformation and degradation. To assess the antifungal efficacy of MR-57 against root rot disease and the properties promoting the growth of S. divaricata, pot experiments were performed under natural outdoor conditions. The results indicated that co-inoculation with MR-57 delayed the occurrence of S. divaricata root rot and showed a control efficacy of 65.41% (p < 0.05) based on the measurement of suppressed disease lesions. Additionally, MR-57 successfully colonized and formed a stable population in the soil in which S. divaricata was grown, and it exhibited a consistently positive effect on the promotion of the growth of S. divaricata plants. In short, Acr. jodhpurensis MR-57 could be considered for the development of a potential biocontrol agent for the management of S. divaricata root rot caused by F. equiseti.
