Fig 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Erwinia amylovora is a causative pathogen of fire blight disease, affecting apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. Currently, management of fire blight relies on cultural and chemical practices, whereas it has been known that few biological resources exhibit disease control efficacy against the fire blight. In the current study, we found that an...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... (3): Colorless solid; 0.00 (c 0.5, methanol). Spectroscopic data, see Table 2 and Supplementary Figs. 1-7 trans-Brasilianone (4): Colorless solid; 0.00 (c 0.5, methanol). Spectroscopic data, see When E. amylovora TS3128 cell suspension was treated with compounds 1-4, penicillic acid (1) exclusively showed antibacterial activity with MIC values of 25 μg/ml (Table 3); compounds 2-4 did not exhibit a bacterial activity against E. amylovora ...
Citations
... Chaetomium, Penicillium and Pseudomonas might inhibit the occurrence of diseases by producing secondary metabolites that inhibited the growth of V. dahliae. For example, Chaetomium could produce chaetoviridin A to inhibit the growth of V. dahliae Vd080 [46]; Penicillium produced penicillic acid, which could effectively suppress the development of fire blight disease [48]; Nunamycin, nunapeptin, brasmycin and braspeptin produced by Pseudomonas had antifungal activity [49]. Chaetomium might also enhance the resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt. ...
Background
Cotton Verticillium wilt, causing by Verticillium dahliae, has seriously affected the yield and quality of cotton. The incidence of Verticillium wilt in cotton fields has been on the rise for many years, especially after straw has been returned to the fields. Intercropping can reduce the incidence of soil borne diseases and is often used to control crop diseases, but the relationship between the effects of intercropping on microbial communities and the occurrence of plant diseases is unclear. This research explored the relationship between soil microbial community structure and Cotton Verticillium wilt in interplanting of cotton-onion, cotton-garlic, cotton-wheat and cotton monocultures. Amplicon sequencing applied to the profile of bacterial and fungal communities.
Results
The results showed that the disease index of Cotton Verticillium wilt was significantly reduced after intercropping with cotton-garlic and cotton-onion. Chao1 and Sobs indices were not significantly different in the rhizosphere soil and pre-plant soils of the four planting patterns, but the pre-plant fungal shannon index was significantly lower in the cotton-onion intercropping plot than in the other three plots. PCoA analysis showed that the soil microbial communities changed to a certain extent after intercropping, with large differences in the microbial communities under different cropping patterns. The abundance of Chaetomium was highest in the cotton-garlic intercropping before planting; the abundance of Penicillium was significantly higher in the cotton-wheat intercropping than in the other three systems.
Conclusion
Cotton-garlic and cotton-onion interplanting can control Cotton Verticillium wilt by affecting the soil microbial community. Fungi of the genera Chaetomium and Penicillium may be associated with plant disease resistance.
The fungus Penicillium egyptacum has been reported as a producer of the 16-membered macrolide antibiotic A26771B. In this study, two new berkeleylactone analogues, berkeleylactones S-T (1-2), were isolated from P. egyptiacum. Their structures were determined by the analyses of 1D- and 2D-NMR data, HRESIMS, and chemical derivatization. 1 is the first example of berkeleylactone analogue possessing a glucose moiety, whose absolute configuration was elucidated by acid hydrolysis followed by derivatization and LC-MS analysis. No antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus salivarius was found within the range of 0-100 μM for compounds 1-2.
Bacterial blight of carrot caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae ( Xhc ) is one of the serious diseases of carrot, of which control measures has not been still established in the domestic farm. In this study, in order to select effective sterilizer for bacterial blight of carrots, three antibiotics such as streptomycin, oxolinic acid, kasugamycin, two copper compounds like copper hydroxide and copper sulfate basic and three rhizobacteria Burkholderia gladioli MRL408-3, Pseudomonas fluorescens TRH415-2 and Bacillus cereus KRY505-3 were selected to investigate their direct antibacterial effects using artificial media, aiming to identify effective pesticides against Xhc . Among them, treated medium with antibiotics such as streptomycin, oxolinic acid, and the antagonistic rhizobacteria MRL408-3 were formed inhibition zone. The agrochemicals and the rhizobacteria MRL408-3, which showed antibacterial effects on carrot leaves, pre-treated on the carrot leaves and then inoculated with Xhc . High control effects were shown on the carrot leaves pre-treated with both streptomycin and oxolinic acid. Scanning electron microscopy images of the carrot leaf surfaces showed that the population of bacteria decreased significantly on leaves pre-treated with streptomycin and oxolinic acid. From these results, it can be inferred that antibiotics like streptomycin and oxolinic acid exhibit superior control effects compared to other agents. This study provides valuable insights towards establishing an effective control system for bacterial blight of carrot.
The fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea) is a devastating disease of Rosaceae plants, including commercially important apple and pear trees. Since the first report in Korea in May 2015, it has been spreading to neighboring regions gradually. Host plants can be infected by pollinators like bees, rainfall accompanied by wind, and cultural practices such as pruning. Many studies have revealed that wild Rosaceae plants such as Cotoneaster spp., Crataegus spp., Pyracantha spp., Prunus spp., and Sorbus spp. can be reservoirs of Ea in nature. However, wild Rosaceae plants in Korea have not been examined yet whether they are susceptible to fire blight. Therefore, the susceptibility to fire blight was examined with 25 species in 10 genera of wild Rosaceae plants, which were collected during 2020–2022, by artificial inoculation. Bacterial suspension (10<sup>8</sup> cfu/ml) of Ea type strain TS3128 was inoculated artificially in flowers, leaves, stems, and fruits of each plant species, and development of disease symptoms were monitored. Moreover, the presence of Ea bacteria from inoculated samples were checked by conventional polymerase chain reaction. Total 14 species of wild Rosaceae plants showed disease symptoms of fire blight, and Ea bacteria were detected inside of inoculated plant parts. These results suggest that wild Rosaceae plants growing nearby commercial apple and pear orchards in Korea can be Ea reservoirs, and thus they should be monitored regularly to minimize the damage by Ea infection and spreading.
Blight refers to a specific symptom affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of cereal crops such as wheat and barley.
In this research, the Biblical verse dealing with blight is described. Therefore, the research deals with the characteristics of blight, the resistance to blight, various environmental conditions associated with blight, the types of blight, including social, the epidemiology, and the management.
Environmental variables are associated with annual fluctuations of FHB intensity. Relative humidity or temperature moisture- or wetness-related variables (e.g., daily average relative humidity and total daily precipitation) are correlated with FHB intensity. A warm, moist environment characterized by frequent precipitation or heavy dew is highly favorable to fungal growth, infection, and the development of the disease.
This research has shown that the awareness of the blight has accompanied human during the long years of our existence.
