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Phylogenetic analyses of rhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic trees constructed based on the RdRp sequences of representative viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae (A), the RdRp sequences of novel identified Tahe rhabdoviruses (B). All the viruses obtained in ticks here were highlighted in red, and the closest referenced viruses were also highlighted in bold font. Abbreviations: THRV1, Tahe rhabdovirus 1; THRV2, Tahe rhabdovirus 2; THRV3, Tahe rhabdovirus 3; OTPV, Onega tick phlebovirus; NWMV1: Norway mononegavirus 1; MLV: Manly virus; HPTV3: Huangpi tick virus 3; BLTV2: Bole tick virus 2; Tacheng tick virus 3: TCTV3; WHTV1: Wuhan tick virus 1; XZDV1: Xinzhou dimarhabdovirus virus 1. The accession numbers of the viral sequences used in the trees are shown in Supplementary Table S3 and S4.
Source publication
Recently, several emerging tick-borne viruses have been identified to be associated with human diseases in northeastern China. Here, we used metagenomics to investigate the virome diversity in Haemaphysalis japonica, H. conicinna, Dermacentor silvarum , and Ixodes persulcatus ticks in northeastern China. A total of 22 RNA viruses were identified an...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... rhabdoviruses identified in the study, namely, Tahe rhabdovirus 1 (THRV1), Tahe rhabdovirus 2 (THRV2), and Tahe rhabdovirus 3 (THRV3); they, together with Bole tick virus 2, Tacheng tick virus 3, Huangpi tick virus 3, and Wuhan tick virus 1, were genetically grouped into an unclassified Alphanemrhavirus-like group in the family Rhabdoviridae (Fig. 6A) Table E13). However, THRV1 were divided into two different clades: one clade was identified from libraries of Ji'an, Dunhua, Shulan, and Yichun in CBM and XXAM, while the other clade found in libraries from Tahe and Songling sited in . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license made available under a (which was not certified by peer review) ...
Context 2
... copyright holder for this preprint this version posted April 27, 2022. ;https://doi.org/10.1101https://doi.org/10. /2022 DXAM, with nt identities of 81.4% and RdRp aa identities of 93.6-93.7% (Fig. 6B, Extended data Table E13). Compared with THRV1, THRV2 and THRV3 were only identified in the I. persulcatus tick from Tahe in DXAM, with nt identities of 44.9-49.3% with THRV1 and 45.9-46.1% with each other (Fig. 6B, Extended data Table E13). ...
Context 3
... 27, 2022. ;https://doi.org/10.1101https://doi.org/10. /2022 DXAM, with nt identities of 81.4% and RdRp aa identities of 93.6-93.7% (Fig. 6B, Extended data Table E13). Compared with THRV1, THRV2 and THRV3 were only identified in the I. persulcatus tick from Tahe in DXAM, with nt identities of 44.9-49.3% with THRV1 and 45.9-46.1% with each other (Fig. 6B, Extended data Table E13). ...
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Background:
Ticks act as important vectors of infectious agents, and several emerging tick-borne viruses have recently been identified to be associated with human diseases in northeastern China. However, little is known about the tick virome in northeastern China.
Methods:
Ticks collected from April 2020 to July 2021 were pooled for metagenomic...
Citations
... I. persulcatus is the principal vector of the agents of Lyme borreliosis, Rickettsioses, and Babesioses along with A. phagocytophilum and clinically relevant human pathogen Jingmen tick virus (Alongshan virus) and Far-Eastern strain of TBEV (56). D. silvarum and H. concinna had also been linked with several tickborne pathogens found throughout China, including Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp., TBEV, and SFTSV/Dabie bandavirus (50,57). Despite examining more pools of D. silvarum and H. concinna, we identified a greater number of viral contigs in I. persulcatus, while no Bunyavirales viral sequences were detected within H. concinna pools. ...
Background
A wide range of bacterial pathogens have been identified in ticks, yet the diversity of viruses in ticks is largely unexplored.
Methods
Here, we used metagenomic sequencing to characterize the diverse viromes in three principal tick species associated with pathogens, Haemaphysalis concinna, Dermacentor silvarum, and Ixodes persulcatus, in North China.
Results
A total of 28 RNA viruses were identified and belonged to more than 12 viral families, including single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses (Flaviviridae, Picornaviridae, Luteoviridae, Solemoviridae, and Tetraviridae), negative-sense RNA viruses (Mononegavirales, Bunyavirales, and others) and double-stranded RNA viruses (Totiviridae and Partitiviridae). Of these, Dermacentor pestivirus-likevirus, Chimay-like rhabdovirus, taiga tick nigecruvirus, and Mukawa virus are presented as novel viral species, while Nuomin virus, Scapularis ixovirus, Sara tick-borne phlebovirus, Tacheng uukuvirus, and Beiji orthonairovirus had been established as human pathogens with undetermined natural circulation and pathogenicity. Other viruses include Norway mononegavirus 1, Jilin partitivirus, tick-borne tetravirus, Pico-like virus, Luteo-like virus 2, Luteo-likevirus 3, Vovk virus, Levivirus, Toti-like virus, and Solemo-like virus as well as others with unknown pathogenicity to humans and wild animals.
Conclusion
In conclusion, extensive virus diversity frequently occurs in Mononegavirales and Bunyavirales among the three tick species. Comparatively, I. persulcatus ticks had been demonstrated as such a kind of host with a significantly higher diversity of viral species than those of H. concinna and D. silvarum ticks. Our analysis supported that ticks are reservoirs for a wide range of viruses and suggested that the discovery and characterization of tick-borne viruses would have implications for viral taxonomy and provide insights into tick-transmitted viral zoonotic diseases.
In recent years, numerous viruses have been identified from ticks, and some have been linked to clinical cases of emerging tick-borne diseases. Chinese northeast frontier is tick infested. However, there is a notable lack of systematic monitoring efforts to assess the viral composition in the area, leaving the ecological landscape of viruses carried by ticks not clear enough. Between April and June 2017, 7101 ticks were collected to perform virus surveillance on the China–North Korea border, specifically in Tonghua, Baishan, and Yanbian. A total of 2127 Ixodes persulcatus were identified. Further investigation revealed the diversity of tick-borne viruses by transcriptome sequencing of Ixodes persulcatus. All ticks tested negative for tick-borne encephalitis virus. Transcriptome sequencing expanded 121 genomic sequence data of 12 different virus species from Ixodes persulcatus. Notably, a new segmented flavivirus, named Baishan Forest Tick Virus, were identified, closely related to Alongshan virus and Harz mountain virus. Therefore, this new virus may pose a potential threat to humans. Furthermore, the study revealed the existence of seven emerging tick-borne viruses dating back to 2017. These previously identified viruses included Mudanjiang phlebovirus, Onega tick phlebovirus, Sara tick phlebovirus, Yichun mivirus, and three unnamed viruses (one belonging to the Peribunyaviridae family and the other two belonging to the Phenuiviridae family). The existence of these emerging tick-borne viruses in tick samples collected in 2017 suggests that their history may extend further than previously recognized. This study provides invaluable insights into the virome of Ixodes persulcatus in the China–North Korea border region, enhancing our ongoing efforts to manage the risks associated with tick-borne viruses.
[Background] A wide range of bacterial pathogens have been identified in ticks, yet the diversity of viruses in ticks is largely unexplored.
[Methods] Here, we used metagenomics sequencing to characterize the diverse virome in these three species, Haemaphysalis concinna, Dermacentor silvarum, and Ixodes persulcatus, the principal tick species associated with pathogens transmitted in North China.
[Results] A total of 28 RNA viruses were identified and belonged to more than 12 viral families, including single strand positive sense RNA virus (Flaviviridae, Picornaviridae, Luteoviridae, Solemoviridae and Tetravirus), negative sense RNA virus (Mononegavirales，Bunyavirales and others) and double strand RNA virus (Totiviridae, Partitiviridae). Of them, Dermacentor pestivirus like virus, Chimay like rhabdovirus, taiga tick Nigecruvirus, Mukava virus are presented as novel viral species, Nuomin virus, Scapularis ixovirus, Sara tick borne phlebovirus, Tacheng uukuvirus, Beiji orthonariovirus had been established as human pathogens with undetermined natural circulation and pathogenicity. Others virus including Norway mononegavirus 1, Jilin partitivirus, tick borne tetravirus, Pico-like virus, luteo-like virus 2, luteo-like virus 3,Vovk virus, Levivirus and others Toti-like virus and Solemo-like virus involved with unknown pathogenicity to human and wild animals.
[Conclusion] Extensive diverse of viruses frequently occur in two orders of Mononegavirales and Bunyavirales in the three tick species. Comparatively, I. persulcatus ticks had significant higher viral species than those in H. concinna and D. silvarum ticks. Our analysis revealed that ticks are reservoirs for a wide range of viruses and suggests that discovery and characterization of tick borne viruses will have implications for viral taxonomy and may provide insight into tick-transmitted viral zoonotic diseases.
