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Phyllodes tumor in 17-year-old girl with palpable mass in left breast. Ultrasonographic image shows 2.5-cm circumscribed, oval, isoechoic parallel mass in left breast. Vacuum-assisted biopsy revealed benign phyllodes tumor.
Source publication
Pediatric breast disease is uncommon, and primary breast carcinoma in children is extremely rare. Therefore, the approach used to address breast lesions in pediatric patients differs from that in adults in many ways. Knowledge of the normal imaging features at various stages of development and the characteristics of breast disease in the pediatric...
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Background: Histological diagnosis is crucial to the management of breast diseases. It determines the kind of disease, the treatment modalities, and the outcome of management. Our department receives breast biopsies from the northern sector of Ghana constituting over 50% of the Ghanaian population. This study aimed at elucidating the pattern of dis...
sion of HLA-A, B antigens in vascular endothelial cells and dermai fibroblasts in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986;83:446-50. (24) Luyckx M, Rousseaux F, Cazin M, Brunet C, Cazin JC, Haguenoer JM, et al Pharmacokinetics of levamisole in healthy subjects and cancer patients. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1982;7:247-54. (25) Renoux G, Renoux M....
Objective:
Benign fibroepithelial lesions (BFL) lesions of the breast are various and predominantly benign, although a few can be locally aggressive. Definitive diagnosis of some BFL can be challenging from core needle biopsy (CNB). Radiological findings can help guide the management of the lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the acc...
A radiomics-based classifier to distinguish phyllodes tumor and fibroadenoma on gray-scale breast ultrasonography was developed and validated. A total of 93 radiomics features were extracted from representative transverse plane ultrasound images of 182 fibroepithelial lesions initially diagnosed by core needle biopsy. High-throughput radiomics feat...
Citations
... (22) It is important to exclude adolescent breast cancer before performing the surgical treatment although it is a rare condition. (7,23) In fact Lu et al. encountered one case of undiagnosed performing breast liposuction. (24) A wide range of plastic surgery techniques have been studied in order to treat gynecomastia. ...
Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of breast's the glandular tissue in male population. Gynecomastia can involve fatty and/or glandular tissue. At the basis of pediatric gynecomastia there is a multifactorial imbalance in the ratio of estrogen to androgens tissue levels. In more than 95% of the cases gynecomastia development is idiopathic. Secondary causes of gynecomastia in adolescents are relatively rare (less than 5%) and may arise from uncommon pathological conditions. Gynecomastia is self-limited and regresses in 1-3 years in 84%, 47% and 20% of adolescents with mild, moderate and severe gynecomastia. The correct first line of therapy is observation and reassurance in the treatment of mild cases. In order to manage adolescent gynecomastia is advised to adopt a tailored therapy. Despite gynecomastia is a common condition only few adolescents need cosmetic or antalgic treatment. Medical therapy should be considered in patient with emotional distress or psychological limitation on normal activities. Finally, if gynecomastia does not go in remission after two years surgical procedures should be performed. The aim of this article is to be an updated discussion of pubertal gynecomastia in every way and report our surgical experience with a retrospective study. In conclusion surgical treatment of this condition is a quiet rare procedure but, in according to global literature we demonstrated that it is a safe surgery with low rate of complications.
... Studies are limited in this field, and there is a need for further investigations on o the value of breast sonography in precocious puberty. Still the modality is helpful with breast masses that should be suspected, especially in unilateral breast enlargement (101). Fig. 4 shows breast ultrasound images in premature thelarche. ...
Diagnosis and management of precocious puberty are challenging. The two main classes of precocious puberty are Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) and Peripheral Precocious Puberty (PPP), which should be differentiated from normal pubertal variants. Radiology plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of precocious puberty. We reviewed available studies in the case of different radiology modalities to find the role of these methods in precocious puberty assessment. We found that bone age assessment can be the initial step in the diagnosis of precocious puberty; however, a normal bone age cannot rule out precocious puberty in a deterministic manner. The use of pelvic ultrasound can further help the approach to precocious puberty. Moreover, suspected female and male cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia should be evaluated with adrenal sonography. Testis and mammary ultrasound assessments are usually conducted in asymmetrical changes. Still, breast ultrasound staging may be helpful in even the diagnosis of precocious puberty. Brain magnetic resonance imaging is another modality used in CPP cases. The role of artificial intelligence is a neglected part, which is partly covered by BoneXpert software. Future studies should focus on scoring methods based on bone age as well as breast and pelvic (ovary and uterus) ultrasound assessments in diagnosing female precocious puberty cases and distinguishing the patients from normal pubertal variants.
... Fibroadenomas are common breast tumors in children and adolescents, even though breast disease is exceptionally rare among pediatric and adolescent patients, and its nature is highly different in comparison to adults. Fibroadenomas represent 30-50% of palpable breast masses during childhood and adolescence and 44-94% of surgically excised breast masses in the same age group [1,2]. A fibroadenoma can be characterized as gigantic or giant when it has a diameter exceeding 5 cm, weighs more than 500 g, or replaces more than four-fifths of the breast [1,2]. ...
... Fibroadenomas represent 30-50% of palpable breast masses during childhood and adolescence and 44-94% of surgically excised breast masses in the same age group [1,2]. A fibroadenoma can be characterized as gigantic or giant when it has a diameter exceeding 5 cm, weighs more than 500 g, or replaces more than four-fifths of the breast [1,2]. Giant fibroadenomas have been reported among minors, even though they represent a rare clinical entity. ...
... However, in women with a significant family history of breast cancer and in cases of proliferative changes in the histopathologic examination of the mass, an increase in breast cancer risk has been reported [6]. Overall, breast cancers in adolescents are extremely rare, 2 of 13 accounting for 0.1% of all breast cancers in women regardless of age and less than 1% of all pediatric cancers [1]. ...
Fibroadenomas are common benign breast tumors. Fibroadenomas that exceed 5 cm in diameter, weigh more than 500 g, or replace more than four-fifths of the breast are characterized as giant. A fibroadenoma diagnosed in patients during childhood or adolescence is characterized as juvenile. An extensive PubMed search of the literature in English up until August 2022 was performed. In addition, a rare case of a gigantic fibroadenoma in an 11-year-old premenarchal girl who was referred to our adolescent gynecology center is presented here. Eighty-seven cases of giant juvenile fibroadenomas have been reported in the literature along with our case. Patients with giant juvenile fibroadenoma presented at a mean age of 13.92 years and usually after menarche. Juvenile fibroadenomas are usually unilateral, occurring either in the right or the left breast; the majority of them are diagnosed when they are already more than 10 cm in size, and they are most frequently treated with total lump excision. Differential diagnosis includes phyllodes tumors and pseudo-angiomatous stromal hyperplasia. Conservative management is feasible, but surgical excision is recommended to patients with suspicious imaging features or when the mass grows rapidly.
... Частота заболеваний молочных желез в структуре всех болезней детей составляет от 5 до 12 %, а встречаемость онкологической патологии не превышает 1 % [12,13,14]. Из доброкачественных заболеваний молочных желез в подростковом возрасте чаще диагностируются фиброаденомы, кисты, очаговые гиперплазии, внутрипротоковые папилломы, среди злокачественных поражений характерно возникновение редкой морфологической формы -секреторного рака [15,16,17]. ...
Introduction . Benign mammary gland tumors constitute a group of heterogeneous diseases with a complex clinical and morphological structure that complicates timely diagnosis and terminological designation of pathological processes. They are of great interest because of their possible background for oncologic pathology. The most widespread disease is mastopathy, its occurrence rate in the population reaches 40%. The incidence of mastopathies increases by the age of 45 years, and then tends to decrease in the pre- and postmenopausal periods. The purpose of the review was to evaluate and analyze the literature data on the presented problem in recent years. Materials and methods . Publications of domestic and foreign authors on benign breast neoplasms and risk factors of this pathology over the past 20 years have been included in the article. Literature search was performed in the systems Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Elibrary. Results and discussion . Etiopathogenetic factors in patients with benign mammary gland tumors play a paramount role, substantiating the necessity of prognostication and prevention of the disease. Risk factors for these diseases include hereditary, hormonal, neuropsychological, reproductive data, age, lactation, inflammation, trauma, smoking, and others. Conclusion . The current dynamic of increasing the incidence of benign mammary tumors has been noted, but no specific risk factors for this group of diseases have been identified, as they are multifactorial, associated with genetic causes, somatic health data, and environmental influences. Not all women are equally at risk of developing breast diseases, the reasons characterizing the individual propensity for this pathology have been identified. The risk factors do not cause the development of the disease, but considerably increase its probability. The study of predisposing risk factors for the development of tumor processes in the mammary glands in order to diagnose them early gives an opportunity to improve the results and prognosis of treatment.
... Fibroadenoma was the most common mass lesion (27/48, 56.25%) and the most frequently biopsied lesion (11/21; 52.4%) as well. The mean age of patients with fibroadenoma was 15.5 ± 3.4 (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The mean age of patients who underwent core biopsy was (15.9 ± 2.2); the mean age of the others 15 was (15.4 ± 1.8) in patients with fibroadenoma. ...
... While taking a biopsy decision, risk factors such as family history; are taken into consideration. The primary criteria in the biopsy decision are the presence of one or more of the features such as the first dimension being above 3 cm, inhomogeneous internal echo, increased size during followup, increased vascularization and lobulation, millimetric cystic components and microcalcification (15). ...
Objective: Breast lesions in childhood are mostly benign and self-limiting, and the biopsy indications are restricted in this period. The differentiation between fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors is difficult with imaging because of their overlap in initial size and growth rate. Therefore, biopsy or excision may be required. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 531 patients (404 females, 76.1%; 127 males, 23.9%) that were applied to our center between 2009 and 2019. Breast US was performed to all applicants with pain and swelling in the their breast. Patients with fibroadenoma with and without core biopsy were recorded. Results: Thirty-one solid breast lesions were detected. Twenty-one lesions were performed biopsy (21/531, 3.9 %). The most common mass lesion was fibroadenoma (27/31, 87.1%) and the most frequently biopsied lesion was fibroadenoma (11/21; 52.3%). The 10 simple fibroadenomas, one juvenil fibroadenoma, one benign phyllodes tumors, and two invasive ductal carcinomas have been identified. A statistically significant difference (p< 0.05) was detected between the groups with or without core biopsy for the size of fibroadenomas, but there was no statistically significant difference between both groups for patients’ age with fibroadenoma. Conclusion: Malignancies in the breast and lesions such as fibroadenoma that requires a malignancy exclusion are observed in children and adolescents. Large size is a statistically significant parameter in the biopsy decision.
... The presentation in phyllodes tumors can be varied; hence, clinical, radiological, FNAC, or tissue biopsy evaluation followed by subsequent excision is a must for definitive management. As developing pediatric breast tissue is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation, ultrasonography is better than mammography in this age group [8]. CT scan is used to look for thoracic abnormalities whereas MRI can be used to check the vascular and lymphatic status prior to surgery [8]. ...
... As developing pediatric breast tissue is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation, ultrasonography is better than mammography in this age group [8]. CT scan is used to look for thoracic abnormalities whereas MRI can be used to check the vascular and lymphatic status prior to surgery [8]. ...
... On USG, it is difficult to differentiate between fibroadenoma and phyllodes as there are several overlapping features; however, phyllodes show more cystic areas than fibroadenoma on an USG [1,6,8]. One such case reported that juvenile fibroadenoma converted into a borderline phyllodes tumor in an 18-year-old [9]. ...
Phyllodes tumors, previously known as cystosarcoma phyllodes, are fibroepithelial tumors that consist of epithelial and cellular stromal components. These tumors have a predilection to recur after wide local excision and to attain massive sizes. They account for less than 0.5% of cases of all breast neoplasms and are primarily found in the third to fourth decade of life, and rarely in adolescence. However, less than 25 cases are reported to date wherein this tumor is found in adolescent females, with this case being one of those. This is a report of a rare case of a 12-year-old premenarchal female with bilateral phyllodes tumor, highlighting its peculiarities, diagnostic features, and surgical management in view of the patient's age and quality of life.
... Some authors recommend FNAB for masses ≥3 cm diameter (13,14). On the other hand, some argue that the reliability of FNAB in the differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma/phyllodes tumor is limited and that normal breast tissue can be injured during FNAB attempts (7,15). The most commonly accepted indication for a biopsy is to determine the extent of the surgical resection in patients with presumed phyllodes tumor (7). ...
Amaç: Kliniğimizde meme kitleleri nedeniyle tedavi edilen hastaların epidemiyolojik ve karakteristik özelliklerini araştırmayı ve deneyimlerimizi paylaşmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hasta kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Demografik ve klinik veriler araştırıldı. Hastalar ilk başvuruda ameliyat edilenler (Grup 1) ve takip sonrası ameliyat edilenler (Grup 2) olarak ayrılarak karşılaştırıldı. İstatistiksel analiz SPSS 21 sürümü ile değerlendirildi. p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 10 yılda meme kitlesi nedeniyle ameliyat edilen 48 hasta dahil edildi. Ortalama yaş ve başvuru şikayetleri açısından gruplar arasında fark yoktu (sırasıyla p=0.723, p=0.555). Tüm hastalara ultrason yapıldı. Kitlelerin, Grup 1’de sağ memede (%58.3), Grup 2’de sol memede (p=0.386) daha sık yerleşim gösterdiği gözlendi. Ayrıca her iki grupta da kitlelerin en sık meme üst lateral kadranda yerleştiği görüldü (sırasıyla %62.5 ve %70.89). Kitlelerin uzun çapları grup 1’de grup 2’ye göre daha uzundu (sırasıyla 51.79±11.11 mm ve 35.16±3.74 mm, p<0.001). Radyolojik olarak her iki grupta da kitlelerin çoğu Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS 3) olarak raporlandı (sırasıyla %41.7 ve %54.2, p=0.444). Grup 1’deki 9, Grup 2’deki 1 hastaya ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsisi (İİAB) yapıldı (p=0.004). İİAB ‘de iki hastada filloid tümör saptanırken, diğerleri fibroadenom olarak rapor edildi. Cerrahi eksizyon sonrası histopatolojik değerlendirmelerde en sık fibroadenom tespit edildi. Ayrıca tüm hastaların %6.2’sinde premalign meme kitlesi saptandı. Sonuç: Çocuklarda, büyük boyutta, hızlı büyüyen veya filloid tümör şüphesi olan meme kitlelerinde cerrahi eksizyon öneriyoruz.
... However, if all cases are calculated together, the highest ASR will be in the 55-to 59-year-old group that is compatible with the literature. Pediatric breast cancer (19 years old and younger) is rare and comprises less than 0.1% of all breast cancers (25,26). About 5% of phyllodes tumors occur in girls younger than 20 years. ...
... About 5% of phyllodes tumors occur in girls younger than 20 years. Low-grade forms of sarcoma have been reported in children in their second decade of life (25)(26)(27). In a population-based study in the United States, it was shown that 35.1% of all pediatric breast malignancies were fibroep-ithelial tumors and 14.2% were sarcoma (21). ...
Background: Breast sarcomas are a group of rare and non-epithelial malignancies that account for less than 1% of breast cancers. There are few epidemiologic studies on this type of cancer due to its rarity. was used to calculate the age-specific incidence rate for breast sarcoma in Iran. Moreover, age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) for pathologic subtypes, pathologic grades, and different regions of the country were determined. Results: Totally, 258 breast sarcoma patients were included in this study in Iran. The ASR of breast sarcoma was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.02, .32) and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.67) per million person-years for women and the total population, respectively. ASR was 0.03 (95%CI: 0.01, 0.06) per million person-years for male patients. The highest age-specific incidence rate for malignant phyllodes was observed among patients aged 55 to 59 years (1.0; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.5), and for other sarcomas, it was found among those aged 70 to 74 years (0.9; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.6). The most prevalent pathologic grade of sarcoma was grade 3 with an ASR of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.46) per million person-years. Conclusions: Compared to western countries, Iran has a lower incidence of breast sarcoma in women, a higher incidence rate in men, and older onset age. As in other countries, malignant phyllodes tumors and angiosarcomas are the most common subtypes. In addition, breast sarcoma incidence rates in different grades are similar across countries.
... for females with less than 20 years old. 8 Compared with adult's patient, the breast cancer in pediatric has shown to be more aggressive. 8 There was a further analysis showed that pediatric patient present with late-stage disease, nodal metastases and nodal lymphovascular invasion. ...
... 8 Compared with adult's patient, the breast cancer in pediatric has shown to be more aggressive. 8 There was a further analysis showed that pediatric patient present with late-stage disease, nodal metastases and nodal lymphovascular invasion. If the prevalence of these poor prognostic factors supports are high, the pediatrics patient needs for vigilant diagnosis and treatment of this disease. ...
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies. This malignancy can originate from the epithelium of the ducts or lobules of the breast. Although rare, breast cancer can also be found in men. The incidence of breast cancer in men is <1% of the total breast cancer and it is estimated that 1 in 100.00 men worldwide is diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast cancer in pediatric patients is rare. Incidence of breast cancer in pediatric is estimated to be 0.2-0.8/100.000 for females with less than 20 years old. In this case report is a 14-years-old male with ten years history of a mass in his right breast. At first the mass was said to be as small as a marble, then since last year the mass have grown bigger. Biopsy and histopathology examination were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The result of histopathology examination was ductal invasive carcinoma. The patient and family refused to undergo chemotherapy. The incidence of breast cancer in pediatric is rare, and it has high mortality rate in pediatric patient.
... In children and teenagers, breast lesions are uncommon and distinguished in many ways from adult breast cancer. First, in children and teenagers, breast cancer primarily contains benign lesions linked to natural breast growth and benign tumors [38,39]. ...
Aim
The objective of the current manuscript is to discuss various types of cancers of breast, pathophysiology, and biomarkers used for breast cancer and potential applications of herbal remedies as a treatment tool.
Methods
Literature survey was carried out using various online search engines like google scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, Scopus, PubMed, etc. Offline libraries were also used for the compilation of data.
Result and discussion
The second ground for disease casualties in females is breast cancer. The complexity of this disorder resembles a complicated environment containing varying layers of internal and external influences that are cleverly engineered for interaction to create a pliable background for the clonal progress of breast cancer cells. Biomarkers that can identify the most successful treatments or assess the reaction to therapy early in the process of treatment are useful. The possible benefits of imaging biomarkers are evident, and initial clinical results have been positive. Herbal medicines establish to be successful against the disease.
Conclusion
It can be accomplished in the complete study that breast cancer is mainly universal and lethal cancer of females. Herbal medicines are widely distributed, biocompatible, biodegradable, and have the potential to treat breast cancer. Furthermore, Multicenter clinical trials are still needed for evidence of the clinical usefulness of herbal medicines.
