Fig 8 - uploaded by Royce Cumming
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Phyllium of Palawan eggs. -A-C: lateral view, micropylar plate to the right. -D-F: micropylar plate view. -A & D: Phyllium gantungense. -B & E: Phyllium palawanense (RC Coll 18-032). -C & F: Phyllium saltonae n. sp. paratype NHMUK #01380811.
Source publication
Prompted by the discovery of an undescribed species of Phyllium Illiger, 1798 from within the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom collection, the Phylliidae (Leaf Insects) of Palawan, Philippines are here reviewed. The new species Phyllium (Phyllium) saltonae Cumming, Baker, Le Tirant, & Marshall n. sp. is currently only known from femal...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... which also have the combination of lateral surfaces with irregular "bald" impressions and long feather-like pinnae surrounding the entire capsule are Phyllium mindorense and Phyllium palawanense. From both species, Phyllium saltonae n. sp. can immediately be differentiated by the operculum which is raised above the anterior margin of the capsule (Fig. 8C), versus the other two which have the operculum lower which allows the long feather-like pinnae of the lateral margins to line up uniformly with those on the operculum pinnae (Fig. 8B). The lateral "bald" impressions also help to differentiate the three species, as Phyllium saltonae n. sp. is the only one which does not have clear ...
Context 2
... palawanense. From both species, Phyllium saltonae n. sp. can immediately be differentiated by the operculum which is raised above the anterior margin of the capsule (Fig. 8C), versus the other two which have the operculum lower which allows the long feather-like pinnae of the lateral margins to line up uniformly with those on the operculum pinnae (Fig. 8B). The lateral "bald" impressions also help to differentiate the three species, as Phyllium saltonae n. sp. is the only one which does not have clear lateral arrangements of these "bald" impressions which are clearly seen in Phyllium mindorense and Phyllium palawanense (Fig. 8B), instead Phyllium saltonae n. sp. has the "bald" ...
Context 3
... margins to line up uniformly with those on the operculum pinnae (Fig. 8B). The lateral "bald" impressions also help to differentiate the three species, as Phyllium saltonae n. sp. is the only one which does not have clear lateral arrangements of these "bald" impressions which are clearly seen in Phyllium mindorense and Phyllium palawanense (Fig. 8B), instead Phyllium saltonae n. sp. has the "bald" impressions irregular, in no detectable pattern (Fig. ...
Context 4
... also help to differentiate the three species, as Phyllium saltonae n. sp. is the only one which does not have clear lateral arrangements of these "bald" impressions which are clearly seen in Phyllium mindorense and Phyllium palawanense (Fig. 8B), instead Phyllium saltonae n. sp. has the "bald" impressions irregular, in no detectable pattern (Fig. ...
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Citations
... nov., one feature which appears to differentiate this species from the other two is the abdominal shape, which is lobeless, and tapered, giving them a spade-shaped appearance. It is worth noting however that in many phylliids abdominal shape is often a poor feature for differentiation as it is often variable within a single species (Cumming et al. 2020b), and even in the syntype set of two females, one female is notably more tapered (Fig. 22B) than the other (Fig. 22A). Trolicaphyllium brachysoma, comb. ...
... Morphologically it is not uncommon within the phylliids for single species to be rather variable within their abdominal shape, ranging from tapered, smooth and boxy, weakly lobed, to strongly lobed (Hennemann et al. 2009;Cumming et al. 2020b). Review of every museum specimen we could locate has shown a significant variability within the abdominal shape of many nymphs and multiple adults. ...
With every molecular review involving Chitoniscus Stål, 1875 sensu lato samples from Fiji and New Caledonia revealing polyphyly, the morphology from these two distinct clades was extensively reviewed. Morphological results agree with all previously published molecular studies and therefore Trolicaphyllium gen. nov. is erected to accommodate the former Chitoniscus sensu lato species restricted to New Caledonia, leaving the type species Chitoniscus lobiventris (Blanchard, 1853) and all other Fijian species within Chitoniscus sensu stricto. Erection of this new genus for the New Caledonian species warrants the following new combinations: Trolicaphyllium brachysoma (Sharp, 1898), comb. nov., Trolicaphyllium erosus (Redtenbachher, 1906), comb. nov., and Trolicaphyllium sarrameaense (Größer, 2008a), comb. nov. Morphological details of the female, male, freshly hatched nymph, and egg are illustrated and discussed alongside the Chitoniscus sensu stricto in order to differentiate these two clades which have been mistaken as one for decades.
With the recent advance in molecular phylogenetics focused on the leaf insects (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae), gaps in knowledge are beginning to be filled. Yet, shortcomings are also being highlighted, for instance, the unveiling of numerous undescribed phylliid species. Here, some of these taxa are described, including Phyllium iyadaon sp. nov. from Mindoro Island, Philippines; Phyllium samarense sp. nov. from Samar Island, Philippines; Phyllium ortizi sp. nov. from Mindanao Island, Philippines; Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. from Vietnam; Pulchriphyllium delislei sp. nov. from South Kalimantan, Indonesia; and Pulchriphyllium bhaskarai sp. nov. from Java, Indonesia. Several additional specimens of these species together with a seventh species described herein, Pulchriphyllium anangu sp. nov. from southwestern India, were incorporated into a newly constructed phylogenetic tree. Additionally, two taxa that were originally described as species, but in recent decades have been treated as subspecies, are elevated back to species status to reflect their unique morphology and geographic isolation, creating the following new combinations: Pulchriphyllium scythe (Gray, 1843) stat. rev., comb. nov. from Bangladesh and northeastern India, and Pulchriphyllium crurifolium (Audinet-Serville, 1838) stat. rev., comb. nov. from the Seychelles islands. Lectotype specimens are also designated for Pulchriphyllium scythe (Gray, 1843) stat. rev., comb. nov. and Pulchriphyllium crurifolium (Audinet-Serville, 1838) stat. rev., comb. nov. from original type material.
