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![Fig. 1 The historical and projected capital cost of solar photovoltaics [9]](profile/Ali-Eltamaly/publication/351116572/figure/fig1/AS:1122970084884482@1644748340749/The-historical-and-projected-capital-cost-of-solar-photovoltaics-9_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 2 World cumulative installation from 2004 to 2014 [7]](profile/Ali-Eltamaly/publication/351116572/figure/fig2/AS:1122970084880384@1644748340773/World-cumulative-installation-from-2004-to-2014-7_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 3 Photovoltaic energy system [10]](profile/Ali-Eltamaly/publication/351116572/figure/fig3/AS:1122970084876291@1644748340830/Photovoltaic-energy-system-10_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 4 Concentrated solar power tower plant [11]](profile/Ali-Eltamaly/publication/351116572/figure/fig4/AS:1122970084880386@1644748340848/Concentrated-solar-power-tower-plant-11_Q320.jpg)
In this chapter the performance of various maximum power point tracking techniques for Photovoltaic (PV) systems has been presented, under uniform and non-uniform irradiance conditions. Under uniform irradiance conditions, the power-voltage curve of PV systems is nonlinear and contains one peak point whose location appertains to the irradiation and...
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... power is converted into electricity by photovoltaic (PV) technology as shown in Fig. 3, or concentrating solar power (CSP) as shown in Fig. 4. The following sections introduce a brief review of these ...
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... the case of two series of photovoltaic cells with bypass diodes, the relationship between the terminal voltage and the output energy of these two photovoltaic cells with radiation of 1000 and 500 W/m 2 is shown in Fig. 29. Figure 30 shows the relationship between the output In the case of 20 series of diode-connected photovoltaic cells connected to each of them, the total form of the energy generated by the different radiation of the shaded photovoltaic cells is shown in Fig. 31 The rest of the radiation in other PV-cells is 1000 W/m 2 . It is clear from this figure that the shaded PV-cell begins to operate when the terminal voltage forces the shaded PV-cell voltage to be positive. ...
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... are three MPP showed up in Fig. 33, the global peak (GP) is the one relating to point#2. The MPPT system ought to pursue the global MPP which is #2 as appeared in Fig. 33. The output power and terminal voltage relation for two series PV-cells with bypass diodes under various irradiances ...
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... are three MPP showed up in Fig. 33, the global peak (GP) is the one relating to point#2. The MPPT system ought to pursue the global MPP which is #2 as appeared in Fig. 33. The output power and terminal voltage relation for two series PV-cells with bypass diodes under various irradiances ...
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... simulation model of three PV units and a boost transformer used in FLC and MPSO is shown in Fig. 34. The simulation model for the system proposed in SIMULINK is shown in Fig. 35. The simulation parameters for the PV unit are shown in Table ...
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... simulation model of three PV units and a boost transformer used in FLC and MPSO is shown in Fig. 34. The simulation model for the system proposed in SIMULINK is shown in Fig. 35. The simulation parameters for the PV unit are shown in Table ...
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... results of MPSO and FLC simulation are shown in Fig. 36. The response of different MPPT techniques is evaluated in rapidly changing weather conditions. The simulation time shown in this figure is divided into six periods of about two seconds each. Every two seconds, the radiation will be changed in two PV units out of three and the first will be stationary (1000 W/m2) throughout the ...
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... 36. The response of different MPPT techniques is evaluated in rapidly changing weather conditions. The simulation time shown in this figure is divided into six periods of about two seconds each. Every two seconds, the radiation will be changed in two PV units out of three and the first will be stationary (1000 W/m2) throughout the simulation time (Fig. 37). ...
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Panel surya menjadi salah satu energi bersih yang menjanjikan namun kinerja panel surya bergantung pada tingkat iridiasi matahari dan kondisi suhu. Sebuah kondisi dimana panel surya menerima iridiasi yang berbeda yang dinamakan partial shading. Partial shading menyebabkan penurunan efisiensi daya keluaran PV dan dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada PV....
Citations
... The P-V characteristics of the PV arrays with uniform solar irradiance are having only one peak as shown in Fig. 3. The location of the MPP is varied based on the solar irradiance and temperature between 0.71 to 0.8 of the open circuit voltage [6][7][8][9]. ...
... This study used a nested PSO loop to determine the optimal control parameters for the lowest CT and FI. The new positions of particles are obtained from Eqn. (8). The flowchart showing the logic used for PSO with optimal control parameters is shown in Fig. 8. ...
... 3. Select the global and private best. 4. Use equations (7) and (8) (8) where, c l and c g are the self-experience and social experience parameters, respectively. d k best is the personal best solution or best private solution of particle k, G best is the global best position, k is a counter that represents the particle number k=[1, 2, ….SS], SS is the swarm size, and r l and r g are random values in between [01], the counter j is a counter represents the iteration number where its value varies between 1 to maximum iteration number, it. ...
Partial shading conditions (PSC) drive the P-V characteristics of the PV system to have multiple local peaks (LPs) and one global peak (GP). Conventional maximum power point tracker (MPPT) techniques may be trapped in one of the LPs and miss the GP, which substantially reduces the efficiency of the PV systems. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms (MOAs) have been widely used recently to avoid this limitation. Although, the robustness of the MOAs in tracking the GP, still they have many challenges that should be overcome. This paper shed light on the most important problems and solutions provided associated with the use of MOAs as an MPPT of PV systems. Moreover, this paper introduced benchmark shading patterns (BSP) that contain most of the important challenges that may occur in the PSC of PV systems. This BSP can be used as an evaluation benchmark for all MPPT techniques. The problem of stagnation of search agents within a certain LP is investigated and solutions are provided and evaluated. A novel flying search agent (FSA) strategy is used to detect any change in GP position without sacrificing the stability or the ripple contents in the PV system waveforms. The proposed FSA sends a search agent to the position of the anticipated peaks and compares its power with the current GP power. If the power generated from the FSA is higher than the current GP, it will move the particles to search around the position of the FSA.
... Moreover, the modular operation characteristic of the PV generation system allows for the construction of solar energy systems at different power levels and load ratings. However, PV generation systems suffer from the drawback of low conversion efficiency and high installation cost [3]. In addition, the level of generated power from the PV system depends on many aspects, such as solar irradiance level and ambient temperature. ...
... In general, different mathematical modeling topologies are presented for the solar cell, which form the basic constructional element in the PV array [3]. A single-diode model has been used for simplicity purposes as depicted in Figure 2. The solar cell voltage-current mathematical relationship formula is as follows [1]: ...
... Considering the former drawbacks, a modified IncCond MPPT technique is applied to track the optimal operating point location for efficient MPPT as shown in the algorithm flowchart in Figure 6 [3]. The modified algorithm tracks the MPP efficiently by checking the current variation sign with voltage variations. ...
Central-type photovoltaic (PV) inverters are used in most large-scale standalone and grid-tied PV applications due to the inverter’s high efficiency and low-cost per kW generated. The perturbation and observation (P&O) and incremental conductance (IncCond) have become the most common techniques for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies of PV/wind generation systems. Typically, the MPPT technique is applied in a two-stage operation; the first stage tracks the MPP and boosts the PV voltage to a certain level that complies with grid voltage, whereas the second stage represents the inversion stage that ties the PV system to the grid. Therefore, these common configurations increase the system size and cost as well as reduce its overall footprint. As a result, this paper applies two IncCond MPPT techniques on a proposed single-stage three-phase differential-flyback inverter (DFI). In addition, the three-phase DFI is analyzed for grid current negative-sequence harmonic compensation (NSHC). The proposed system efficiently provides a MPPT of the PV system and voltage boosting property of the DC-AC inverter in a single-stage operation. Moreover, the MPPT technique has been applied through the DFI using the conventional and modified IncCond tracking strategies. Furthermore, the system is validated for the grid-tied operation with the negative-sequence harmonic compensation strategy using computer-based simulation and is tested under uniform, step-change, as well as fast-changing irradiance profiles. The average efficiencies of the proposed system, considering the conventional and modified IncCond MPPT techniques, are 94.16% and 96.4% with tracking responses of 0.062 and 0.035 s and maximum overshoot of 46.15% and 15.38%, respectively.
... This is mainly due to the aim of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but the increased penetration of RES is also due to the dropping prices of the renewable energy sources. The technological advancements in the PV [3] and wind generation systems have been formidable. The global cumulative installed capacity of all solar PV (utility scale and rooftop) increased from 42 GW in 2010 to 714 GW in 2020 [4]. ...
In addition to zero-carbon generation, the plummeting cost of renewable energy sources (RES) is enabling the increased use of distributed-generation sources. Although the RES appear to be a cheaper source of energy, without the appropriate design of the RES with a true understanding of the nature of the load, they can be an unreliable and expensive source of energy. Limited research has been aimed at designing small-scale hybrid energy systems for irrigation pumping systems, and these studies did not quantify the water requirement, or in turn the energy required to supply the irrigation water. This paper provides a comprehensive feasibility analysis of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for the design of a water-pumping system for irrigation applications in Sudan. A systematic and holistic framework combined with a techno-economic optimization analysis for the planning and design of hybrid renewable energy systems for small-scale irrigation water-pumping systems is presented. Different hybridization cases of solar photovoltaic, wind turbine and battery storage at 12 different sites in Sudan are simulated, evaluated, and compared, considering the crop water requirement for different crops, the borehole depth, and the stochasticity of renewable energy resources. Soil, weather, and climatic data from 12 different sites in Sudan were used for the case studies, with the key aim to find the most robust and reliable solution with the lowest system cost. The results of the case studies suggest that the selection of the system is highly dependent on the cost, the volatility of the wind speed, solar radiation, and the size of the system; at present, hybridization is not the primary option at most of sites, with the exception of two. However, with the reduction in price of wind technology, the possibility of hybrid generation will rise.
