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A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is easily made into a two-dimensional array to improve its output power. However, if the near-field complex amplitude output cannot be stabilized in the lowest supermode generated by the fundamental transverse mode, the spot cannot converge on the center normal of the far-field array geometry, and th...
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Citations
... Diffraction coupling by an external cavity is a practical approach based on Fresnel diffraction theory [21][22][23]. Phase locking is achieved by the injection of the external optical feedback into the inner cavity of VCSELs [24][25][26]. But out-of-phase mode can be induced by external cavity. ...
... By effectively coupling into the laser gain region, the VCSEL can operate in in-phase mode eventually. According to the coupled mode theory, the coupling strength between the array elements can be quantified using the coupling coefficient m C which is expressed as [25,32] Fig 4(a). The i and ii points indicate that when cavity length L = Zt/8, the difference in coupling coefficients between in-phase and out-of-phase modes is the largest. ...
In-phase coherent vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays have desirable properties for highbrightness laser applications. We employ mutual injection feedback modeling of ring VCSEL arrays with fractional Talbot cavity to select their supermodes. An analysis of the effects of Talbot cavity lengths on engineering the coupling coefficient and gain threshold for in-phase mode operation is provided through the overlapping integrals of optical field distributions. An example design for 24-element arrays with a fractional Talbot cavity is presented, and the in-phase far-field distribution is obtained. This provides a potential method for fabricating Bessel Gaussian beams using larger ring VCSEL arrays.
