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Photomicrographs of anti-calbindin-D28k immunohistochemistry on the kidney of quail laying at different temperatures. A) 20˚C: Positivity (brown stain) occurs mainly in distal contorted tubules near large vessels (asterisks). B and C) 24 and 28˚C: Lower antibody positivity (brown stain). D) 32˚C: There are more positive distal contorted tubules and slightly positive proximal contorted tubules as well. More positivity (brown stain) is observed at temperatures 20 and 32˚C. Chromogen staining diaminobenzidine + hematoxylin. Magnification 100x. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245615.g002
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This study aimed to provide the performance, localization and expression of the epithelial calcium transporter channels Calbindin-D28k (Calb) and TRPV6, and of the morphology of the digestive and reproductive system of laying quail under heat stress (HS), and with methionine supplementation (MS). This study characterized the positivity (immunohisto...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the present study, anti-Calbindin-D28k positivity was found in the distal contorted tubules (DCT) of the nephrons, but there is practically no positivity in the proximal contoured tubules (PCT). This positivity in DCT was more intense in the region surrounding the large renal blood vessels in the renal cortex (Fig 2). This feature can be explained by the fact that these areas have blood with a higher amount of calcium, which has not yet been reabsorbed. ...
Context 2
... positivity is lower at 24 and 28˚C compared to at 20 and 32˚C, just as it did in the intestine. In the treatment at 32˚C, the amount of positive DCT increased, always in greater numbers near the great renal veins (Fig 2). At 28 and 32˚C, PCT were more positive when compared to previous temperatures. ...
Citations
... Secretin, a member of the secretin-glucagon family, was originally found to be secreted by the duodenal S cells in the crypts of Lieberkuhn (Hacki, 1980) and has been reported to exert pleiotropic effects from pH regulation, gastric acid secretion, to water homeostasis (Chu et al., 2009;Chu et al., 2011). Here, as expected, HS increased the hypothalamic expression of CALBs, which is in agreement with previous studies (de Moraes et al., 2021;Ebeid et al., 2012). However, the differential expression of CALBs (upregulation of CALB1 and downregulation of CALB2) in HWE line is puzzling. ...
With climate change, selection for water efficiency and heat resilience are vitally important. We undertook this study to determine the effect of chronic cyclic heat stress (HS) on the hypothalamic expression profile of water homeostasis‐associated markers in high (HWE)‐ and low (LWE)‐water efficient chicken lines. HS significantly elevated core body temperatures of both lines. However, the amplitude was higher by 0.5–1°C in HWE compared to their LWE counterparts. HWE line drank significantly less water than LWE during both thermoneutral (TN) and HS conditions, and HS increased water intake in both lines with pronounced magnitude in LWE birds. HWE had better feed conversion ratio (FCR), water conversion ratio (WCR), and water to feed intake ratio. At the molecular level, the overall hypothalamic expression of aquaporins (AQP8 and AQP12), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its related receptor AVP2R, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), and calbindin 2 (CALB2) were significantly lower; however, CALB1 mRNA and AQP2 protein levels were higher in HWE compared to LWE line. Compared to TN conditions, HS exposure significantly increased mRNA abundances of AQPs (8, 12), AVPR1a, natriuretic peptide A (NPPA), angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE), CALB1 and 2, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 and 4 (TRPV1 and TRPV4) as well as the protein levels of AQP2, however it decreased that of AQP4 gene expression. A significant line by environment interaction was observed in several hypothalamic genes. Heat stress significantly upregulated AQP2 and SCT at mRNA levels and AQP1 and AQP3 at both mRNA and protein levels, but it downregulated that of AQP4 protein only in LWE birds. In HWE broilers, however, HS upregulated the hypothalamic expression of renin (REN) and AVPR1b genes and AQP5 proteins, but it downregulated that of AQP3 protein. The hypothalamic expression of AQP (5, 7, 10, and 11) genes was increased by HS in both chicken lines. In summary, this is the first report showing improvement of growth performances in HWE birds. The hypothalamic expression of several genes was affected in a line‐ and/or environment‐dependent manner, revealing potential molecular signatures for water efficiency and/or heat tolerance in chickens.
... trato gastrointestinal prejudica a estimulação da mucosa, diminuindo a produção de enzimas digestivas e a quantidade de células caliciformes(MEHAISEN et al., 2017). No entanto, a suplementação de metionina na dieta das aves, pode reduzir os efeitos deletérios causados pelas altas temperaturas(MORAES et al., 2021).PRODUÇÃO DE OVOSA produção de ovos nas aves é iniciada a partir da maturação dos folículos, que au-menta o conteúdo da gema para que haja a liberação do ovócito. Em codornas a hierarquia folicular é classificada em folículos grandes amarelos F1, F2, F3, folículos brancos grandes e folículos brancos pequenos (Figura 2) (SREESUJATHA et al., 2016). ...
Esta obra, intitulada “Zootecnia: tópicos atuais em pesquisa” constituiu-se a partir de um processo colaborativo entre professores, estudantes, pesquisadores e demais professionais das Ciências Agrárias, que se destacaram e qualificaram as discussões neste espaço formativo. Resulta, também, de movimentos interinstitucionais e de ações de incentivo à pesquisa que congregam pesquisadores das mais diversas áreas das Ciências Agrárias, de diferentes Instituições de Educação Superior públicas e privadas, e empresas. Agradecemos aos autores pelo empenho, disponibilidade e dedicação para o desenvolvimento e conclusão dessa obra. Esperamos também que esta obra sirva de instrumento didático-pedagógico para estudantes, professores dos diversos níveis de ensino em seus trabalhos e demais interessados pela temática.
... For example, heat stress reduced the quality and number of eggs produced by the quail, but the mechanism remains a mystery. However, De Moraes et al. (2021) immunolabelled calbindin-D28k (calcium transporter channel) in the gut of the quail and found that heat stress reduces calcium absorption. Hence, because morphological evaluation is essential to the overall understanding of the research in heat stress, we identified and analysed studies on the gross and histological changes in the organs of the Japanese quail. ...
... Heat stress increased gizzard weight , but other organs remained unaffected, as Rodrigues et al. (2022) reported. In the intestines: heat stress decreased villus height and area of the small intestines; reduced number of goblet cells; caused crypt epithelium hyperplasia; and decreased Calbindin-D28k (epithelial calcium transporter channel) activity in the duodenum (De Moraes et al., 2021;Mehaisen et al., 2017;Sandikci et al., 2004). In addition, heat stress decreased villus width in a report by Mehaisen et al. (2017) but remained the same in a report by Sandikci et al. (2004). ...
... In addition, heat stress decreased villus width in a report by Mehaisen et al. (2017) but remained the same in a report by Sandikci et al. (2004). Furthermore, heat stress activates Kupffer cells; causes macrovesicular steatosis, severe congestion, bile accumulation, extramedullary haematopoiesis, hepatocyte degeneration, and necrosis in the liver (De Moraes et al., 2021;Mohamed et al., 2015;Ozcelik et al., 2014;Pu et al., 2019bPu et al., , 2020Sritharet et al., 2002). In the kidneys, heat stress causes fatty change, hydropic degeneration, congestion and necrosis of renal tubular cells; enhances mononuclear cell infiltration; increases calbindin-D28k activity in the proximal and distal tubules (De Moraes et al., 2021;Mohamed et al., 2015). ...
Abstract Background Heat stress negatively affects poultry welfare, including the Japanese quail, especially in sub-Saharan African countries. The quail is vital to research and protein food security, which are affected by global warming. This study identified and reviewed the literature on the impact of heat stress on the Japanese quail organs to provide context for the problem and ways to mitigate it. Main body Eligible studies for this scoping review must be primarily animal-based experiments that include Japanese quail exposure to acute or chronic heat stress. Systematic reviews, theses and dissertations that meet these criteria were also eligible for use in this review. Reports that involved other types of quail species, eggs and or cell lines were not eligible and were excluded. The databases that were searched include MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, CAB Abstracts (via CAB Direct) and Web of Sciences (All databases). A total of 4598 records were identified. After removing 105 duplicates, 4461 and 9 were excluded during the level 1 and 2 screening, respectively. Finally, 24 papers were included for data extraction. All eligible studies were primary animal experiments, and the average heat stress temperature level was 35.3 °C. Morphological findings of this scoping review include macrovesicular steatosis in the liver, necrosis of kidney tubular cells, dead and abnormal sperm cells in the testis, lung congestion, and neuronal degeneration resulting from heat stress exposure. Conclusions Heat stress negatively impacts the organs of the Japanese quail, causing cell death in the liver, brain and testis, which will affect the production and survival of the Japanese quail. In addition, some cost-effective dietary strategies tested in mitigating heat stress were recommended.
... The paraffin samples were cut into 5 mm thick sections and then were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphology analysis. The villus length, height, width and area of mucosal folds, and ratio of edema or dissolution of tubular glands were assessed as previously described (de Moraes et al., 2021;Ma et al., 2020) using a light microscope coupled with image-processing software (Image J 1.53). The villus length of the uterus was measured from the top of the villus to the top of the lamina propria. ...
This study explored the effects of uterine inflammation on eggshell mineralization, ultrastructure and mechanical properties in laying hens modified by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge or dietary essential oil (EO) addition. In trial 1, a total of 72 Hy-line Brown layers at 36 wk of age were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 8), where they were intravenously injected with phosphate buffered saline, LPS at 1 mg/kg body weight, or LPS 3 times at 24-h intervals. In trial 2, a total of 288 Hy-line Brown layers at 60 wk of age were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8), where they were fed basal diets supplemented with EO at 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 12 wk. A uterine inflammation model was constructed with LPS treatment, indicated by the elevated expression of IL-1β and TNF-α (P
... www.nature.com/scientificreports/ The temperature selected for inducing heat stress has been previously reported to affect bird metabolism 20,21 . As expected, in the current study, high ambient temperature reduced the egg laying performance of quail mothers. ...
A strategy to mitigate the negative effects of stress on animals is to enhance their ability to beneficially respond to stressful conditions. This study aimed to assess whether prenatal ambient temperature influences the response of Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ) chicks to environmental challenges during growth. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two temperature conditions for the mothers (thermoneutral and heat stress by continuous exposure to 32 °C) and two offspring ambient temperature conditions (thermoneutral and heat stress by intermittent exposure to 34 °C for 6 h/day from 15 to 35 days of age). Heat stress in mothers led to lower laying rate, egg mass, expression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A ( MSRA ) gene, and antioxidant capacity as well as higher chick mortality rate (1–15 days of age). Maternal heat stress led to lower weight gain and total antioxidant capacity and higher feed conversion ratio. Maternal temperature × Offspring temperature interaction effects were observed on carbonylated protein content and HSP70 , GSS , and MSRA gene expression. It was observed that, for chicks hatched from heat-stressed mothers, exposure to heat stress led to higher carbonylated protein content and HSP70 expression than exposure to thermoneutral conditions. Maternal heat stress was also responsible for increasing GSS expression in chicks grown under thermoneutral conditions. Chicks hatched from non-stressed mothers and subjected to heat stress had higher MSRA expression compared to chicks maintained in a thermoneutral environment. Our results show that, although maternal heat stress had no negative effects on performance or oxidative metabolism of offspring grown under thermoneutral conditions, it was associated with lower performance and higher protein oxidation in offspring exposed to heat stress during growth. These results could be due in part to alterations in the expression of genes related to antioxidant capacity.
The impact of global warming on poultry production has gained significant attention over the years. However, our current knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms through which heat stress (HS) resulting from global warming affects the welfare, behavior, immune response, production performance, and even transgenerational effects in poultry are still incomplete. Further research is needed to delve deeper into these mechanisms to gain a comprehensive understanding. Numerous studies have investigated various biomarkers of stress in poultry, aiming to identify reliable markers that can accurately assess the physiological status and well-being of birds. However, there is a significant amount of variation and inconsistency in the results reported across different studies. This inconsistency highlights the need for more standardized methods and assays and a clearer understanding of the factors that influence these biomarkers in poultry. This review article specifically focuses on 3 main aspects: 1) the neuroendocrine and behavioral responses of poultry to HS, 2) the biomarkers of HS and 3) the impact of HS on poultry production that have been studied in poultry. By examining the neuroendocrine and behavioral changes exhibited by poultry under HS, we aim to gain insights into the physiological impact of elevated temperatures in poultry.
This study estimated the growth of body, carcass, primal cuts, edible offal, and feathers of Japanese quail reared in two thermal environments, receiving three nutritional plans, from one to 39 days of age. A total of 576 one-day-old female chicks (Coturnix japonica) with an average initial weight of 7.51±0.75g/bird were evaluated in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (three nutritional plans × two temperatures). The animals were housed in two climatic chambers, at 25 ºC and 35 ºC, using 12 replications with eight birds per experimental unit. Nutritional plans (NP) were as follows: NP1: one diet from 1-21days and another from 22-39 days; NP2: one diet from 1-14 days and another from 15-39 days; and NP3: a single diet from 1-39 days. The growth curves and growth rates of body, carcass, primal cuts, feathers, and edible offal were evaluated using the Gompertz mathematical model. Quail fed NP3 showed higher growth curves and rates for body, carcass, drumstick +thigh, and feather. There was an effect on maturity rate, which was lowest in quail housed at 35 ºC. Among the animals kept at 25 ºC, the group fed NP3 exhibited the highest growth rate and breast weight. The nutritional plan consisting of a single diet offered from 1 to 39 days, formulated based on the tables for Japanese and European quail, is the most suitable for estimating the growth curves (Gompertz model) of Japanese quail housed at 25 ºC or 35 ºC.
Dairy cows are susceptible to heat stress due to the levels of milk production and feed intake. Dietary supplemental amino acids, particularly rate-limiting amino acids, for example, methionine (Met), may alleviate the potential negative consequences. Zinc (Zn) is beneficial to the immune system and mammary gland development during heat stress. We investigated the impact of a source of a rumen-protected Zn-Met complex (Loprotin, Kaesler Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) in high-producing Holstein cows during a long-term environmental heat stress period. A total of 62 multiparous lactating Holstein cows were allocated in a completely randomized design to two dietary treatments, namely, basal diet without (control) and basal diet with the supplemental Zn-Met complex (RPZM) at 0.131% of diet DM. Cows in the RPZM group had higher energy-corrected milk (46.71 vs. 52.85 ± 1.72 kg/d for control and RPZM groups, respectively) as well as milk fat and protein concentration (27.28 vs. 32.80 ± 1.82 and 30.13 vs. 31.03 ± 0.25 g/kg for control and RPZM groups, respectively). The Zn-Met complex supplemented cows had lower haptoglobin and IL-1B concentration than the control (267 vs. 240 ± 10.53 mcg/mL and 76.8 vs. 60.0 ± 3.4 ng/L for control and RPZM groups, respectively). RPZM supplementation resulted in better oxidative status, indicated by higher total antioxidant status and lower malondialdehyde concentrations (0.62 vs. 0.68 ± 0.02 mmol/L and 2.01 vs. 1.76 ± 0.15 nmol/L for control and RPZM groups, respectively). Overall, the results from this study showed that RPZM dietary inclusion could maintain milk production and milk composition of animals during periods of heat stress. Enhanced performance of animals upon Zn-Met complex supplementation could be partly due to improved oxidative and immune status.
