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Photomicrographs of Masson trichrome sections in the rat cornea. (a) Group I (adult) section showing regularly arranged collagen fibers in the corneal stroma (asterisk) (Masson Trichrome ×400). (b) Group IIa (aged) section showing disorganized widely separated collagen fibers in the corneal stroma (asterisk) (Masson Trichrome ×400). (c) Group IIb (aged, PRP treated) section showing regularly arranged collagen fibers in the corneal stroma (asterisk) (Masson Trichrome ×400).
Source publication
Aging is a natural progressive decline in the biological function of cells. Age-related changes in the cornea can affect its ability to refract light or repair itself. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has a promising role in regenerative medicine and evidenced its efficacy in multiple fields, but in corneal aging has not yet been elucidated. The present...
Citations
... Platelets (PLT) secrete many GFs that play a major role in modulating cell pathways that promote tissue repair and remodeling. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated that PRP may promote tissue/cell homeostasis by counteracting the effects of OS in vivo [28,33,34] and in shown. The data are expressed as mean ± SD. **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. ...
... Platelets (PLT) secrete many GFs that play a major role in modulating cell pathways that promote tissue repair and remodeling. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated that PRP may promote tissue/cell homeostasis by counteracting the effects of OS in vivo [28,33,34] and in vitro [22,[35][36][37]. To date, there are few, inconsistent data on the antioxidant role of PRP on tenocytes and tendon healing [22,38,39] so far. ...
Tendinopathies are common disabling conditions in equine and human athletes. The etiology is still unclear, although reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) seem to play a crucial role. In addition, OS has been implicated in the failure of tendon lesion repair. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors that promote tissue regeneration. This is a promising therapeutic approach in tendon injury. Moreover, growing evidence has been attributed to PRP antioxidant effects that can sustain tissue healing. In this study, the potential antioxidant effects of PRP in tenocytes exposed to oxidative stress were investigated. The results demonstrated that PRP reduces protein and lipid oxidative damage and protects tenocytes from OS-induced cell death. The results also showed that PRP was able to increase nuclear levels of redox-dependent transcription factor Nrf2 and to induce some antioxidant/phase II detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H oxidoreductase quinone-1, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and glutathione, S-transferase). Moreover, PRP also increased the enzymatic activity of catalase and glutathione S-transferase. In conclusion, this study suggests that PRP could activate various cellular signaling pathways, including the Nrf2 pathway, for the restoration of tenocyte homeostasis and to promote tendon regeneration and repair following tendon injuries.
... Similar tissue engineering research (Zhao et al. 2022) has detailed PRP-integrated alginate gelatin composite hydrogel bioinks, where PLT cytokines appear to assist seeded cell behavior, form vascular endothelial cells, and organize macrophage polarization in a paracrine manner. When damaged cornea was treated with PRP, the basal epithelium, intermediate layer, and the superficial squamous layer all appeared histologically indistinguishable from healthy controls (Hashem 2020). If similar connective tissue effects were operant in ovarian analogs after PRP treatment, this would be distinct from oocyte programming and development to help explain early results (Sills et al. 2018). ...
Background
In the pre-menopausal ovary, the oocyte does not develop in isolation. Stroma, perivascular cells, immune cells, granulosa cells and endothelium are unequivocally active, and compelling evidence are also available placing germline stem cells within this milieu. Indeed, the local cytoarchitecture network of collagen, proteoglycans, polysaccharides, and fibrous proteins jointly influence endocrine, nutrient, and osmotic fluid movement vital to eggs. After transiting basal lamina, these moieties can directly determine follicular growth and oocyte metabolism.
Main body of the abstract
Over time, this support apparatus changes to dampen crucial biochemical inputs and eventually disconnects the oocyte from its own regulatory grid. Background factors extrinsic to the oocyte such as stroma and extracellular matrix thus contribute to overall reproductive fitness. Both menopause and infertility are thus distinct clinical manifestations of a common knock-down of ovarian competence. While treatments for symptomatic menopause and infertility traditionally depend on standard hormone replacement therapy or synthetic gonadotropins, autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) has arrived as an alternative method to improve ovarian reserve.
Short conclusion
Intraovarian PRP is usually considered to interact mainly with follicles or oocyte precursors, although other ovarian components also respond to platelet cytokines. Cross-discipline PRP effects measured in similar (non-reproductive) stroma and tissue matrix systems are examined here, with a view to promote greater research bandwidth for intraovarian PRP.
... The therapeutic potential of PRP for managing agerelated corneal changes was studied by Hashem (2020). The antioxidant effect of PRP on corneal ageing was studied in adult (3-6 months) and aged (22-26 months) rats. ...
In the recent decades, there has been a significant uptick on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a better alternative for ophthalmologic therapies in pathologies, primarily of the ocular surface. PRP is a class of liquid platelet concentrate containing a supra-physiological concentration of platelets in a relatively small amount of plasma. Its potential to heal various tissues has piqued interest in its therapeutic application as a biomaterial in regenerative medicine. It is currently a popular therapeutic agent in plastic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, reconstructive surgery, and even oral and maxillofacial surgery. Based on the data from in vitro and in vivo studies, it can be concluded that PRP possesses adequate therapeutic potential in ocular pathologies, especially those involving cornea. In addition, the high concentrations of growth factors (TGF-β, VEGF, EGF) present in the PRP accelerate the healing of the corneal epithelium. PRP has great therapeutic prospects in veterinary ophthalmology as a regenerative therapeutic modality. However, several variables are yet to be defined and standardized that can directly affect the efficacy of PRP application in different ophthalmic conditions. There is a shortage of research on the use of PRP in ocular surface defects compared to the number of studies and reports on the use of autologous and allogeneic serum eye drops. Therefore, a data-driven approach is required to generate consensus/guidelines for the preparation , characterization, and therapeutic use of PRP in veterinary ophthalmology. This review aims to inform readers of the latest research on PRP, including its preparation methods, physiological and biochemical properties, clinical applications in veterinary ophthalmology, and their safety and efficacy.
... PRP helps muscle recovery via regulation of antioxidant system [64] and attenuate the gamma rays-induced nephrotoxicity via modulation of the antioxidant defense system [65]. PRP reverses the agerelated changes in the rat cornea by elevation of SOD and GPx expression and diminishes MDA production [66]. Attenuation in the ROS production in post-thaw human sperm pre-treated with PRP [33], and has a little antioxidant effect. ...
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is extensively used in regenerative medicine. Present work was aimed to investigate the effect of autologous PRP supplementation in semen freezing extender on sperm quality, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and in vitro fertilizing capacity of frozen-thawed buffalo semen and subsequent embryo developmental competence. Buffalo bulls, n = 8, were used as semen donors. Semen ejaculates were separately divided into four equal parts and extended with autologous PRP 0 (control), 2, 5 and 10% supplemented Tris-based semen extender. Extended semen samples were then cooled to 5 °C for 2h and processed for cryofreezing in French straws. Post-thawed semen samples (37 °C for 30 s) were evaluated for progressive motility (PM), structural membrane integrity (SMI), functional membrane integrity (FMI), total abnormalities (TA), and acrosome integrity (AI). Supernatant from the thawed samples was examined colormetrically for superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation profile (MDA). Fertilizing capacity of post-thaw spermatozoa cryofrozen in 5% PRP extender was tested upon fertilization the buffalo oocytes in vitro. Higher (P < 0.05) post-thaw sperm quality (PM, SMI, FMI, AI) in 5% PRP semen extender, whereas TA was lower in control, 2% and 10% concentrations. Five percent PRP supplemented semen extender resulted in greater (P < 0.05) TAC and SOD, and lesser MDA levels compared to other groups. Inseminated buffalo oocytes with sperm cryofrozen in 5% PRP revealed higher fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst rate and lower polyspermy as compared to control. In conclusion, buffalo spermatozoa cryofrozen in autologous PRP supplemented semen extender enhanced cryotolerance and fertilizing potential.
... 4. The area percentage of caspase-3 immunostaining in the corneal epithelial layer and the retina [21,22] . ...
... A previous study [32] also attributed the eosinophilic homogenization of corneal stroma to inflammatory infiltration by neutrophils which produce matrix metalloproteinases and different proteases that break up collagen fibers and damage the normal corneal cytoarchitecture. Moreover, the spacing and disarrangement of the collagen bundles could be the results of the increase in the collagen fibers cross-linking aroused by glycation [21] . ...
BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy for malignant neoplasms of the pelvic organs can lead to radiation-induced damage to healthy ovarian tissue with the development of premature ovarian failure and infertility. Research remains relevant to assess reactive changes in the ovaries in response to electron irradiation, as well as testing radioprotective agents, one of which is platelet-rich plasma. AIM: assessment of the inflammatory response in the ovary after administration of platelet-rich plasma in a model of radiation-induced ovarian failure. METHODS: Fragments of ovaries of four groups (I – Control (n=10), II – fractional irradiation with electrons in a total dose of 20 Gy (n=10), III – fractional irradiation with electrons in a total dose of 20 Gy + platelet-rich plasma (n=10) , IV – platelet-rich plasma (n=10)) were studied histologically and immunohistochemically with antibodies to pro- (IL-1, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines, as well as CD3 and CD20. RESULTS: According to the results of an immunohistochemical study, electron irradiation led to an increase in the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the number of CD3+ and CD20+ immunocompetent cells in the interstitial tissue of the ovaries, fractionally irradiated with electrons at a total dose of 20 Gy. A predominance of the T-cell component of immunity over the B-cell component was observed. At the same time, pre-irradiation administration of platelet-rich plasma contributed to a smaller change in the degree of morphological changes, the expression of pro- (IL-1, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines and the proportion of CD3+ and CD20+ immunocompetent cells in the interstitial tissue of the ovaries. At the same time, the predominance of the T-cell component of immunity was also noted. CONCLUSION: Components of platelet-rich plasma, having anti-inflammatory and radioprotective properties, reduce the severity of the inflammatory response (based on analysis of the expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) and the number of T- and B-immunocompetent cells, which leads to a slowdown in the development of radiation-induced ovarian failure when exposed to fractional local irradiation with electrons in a total dose of 20 Gy.
Wound infection remains a major challenge for health professionals, because it delays wound healing and increases the overall cost and morbidity. Therefore, the development of new biomaterials with new antibacterial properties and healing effects remains a dire clinical need. To solve this problem, we developed silver nanoparticles embedded in γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (Ag@MOF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-loaded hydrogel systems based on methacrylated silk fibroin (SFMA) and methacrylate hyaluronic acid (HAMA) as Ag+ ion and growth factor delivery vehicles for inhibiting the growth of drug-resistant bacteria and promoting wound healing. The prepared SFMA/HAMA hydrogel demonstrated good rheological properties, swelling capability, appropriate mechanical properties and controllable biodegradability. The SFMA/HAMA/Ag@MOF/PRP hydrogel showed sustained release profiles of Ag+ ions and EGF. The SFMA/HAMA/Ag@MOF hydrogel have good inherent antibacterial properties against both gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria. The prepared hydrogel showed excellent cytocompatibility and could stimulate the growth and proliferation rate of NIH-3T3 cells. In vivo experiments showed that SFMA/HAMA/Ag@MOF/PRP hydrogel treatment enhanced the healing of full-thickness wounds, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and promoted re-epithelialization and collagen synthesis. All results indicated that the prepared hydrogel has tremendous potential to reduce wound infections and improve wound healing.
In veterinary profession, platelet rich plasma (PRP) creates a revolutionary approach for treating a number of eye problems. The key advantages of this therapy over traditional medical therapy are its cost effectiveness, ease of preparation, lack of side effects in autologous instances, lack of need for specialized instruments, speedier effects, ease of application, and suitability for patients with a high surgical risk. Platelets are one of the most significant blood components, and they are produced from the progenitor megakaryocytes. The platelet's primary function is to stop bleeding and aid in blood clotting. Additionally, these cells are crucial for tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, cell migration, and wound healing. With tremendous effectiveness, platelet-rich plasma therapy is now being applied in different veterinary fields. Here, we discuss about how autologous platelet-rich plasma is used in both veterinary and human medicine to treat various ocular disorders.
In this chapter, we describe the basic definition, production, and different ways of use of platelet-rich plasma. Moreover, the growth factors, cytokines, and the bioactive molecules that are released from the alpha granules, when the platelets are activated, are described as their functions and related signaling vias. Some different types of cell sheets and their applications for regenerative medicine when applied together with PRP are also discussed.
