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Photographs showing (A) the shrub and (B) the berries and (C) the chemical structure of the novel flavonoid aceronidin present in the fruit of M. emarginata. (A) and (B) reproduced courtesy of Papaya Tree Nursery (http:==www.papayatreenursery.com=gallery= main.php?g2_itemId ¼ 972). Color images available online at www .liebertonline.com=jmf.
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Dietary intake of berry fruits has been demonstrated to positively impact human health. Interest in exploring new and exotic types of berries has grown in recent years. This article provides botanical descriptions and reviews the chemistry, biological activities, and commercialization of berry-producing plants from South America, specifically Arist...
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... and botanical description M. emarginata, most commonly referred to as ''acerola,'' is a widespread shrub of the Malpighiaceae family (Fig. 3A). 51-53 It may also be referred to as ''chercese,'' ''Bar- bados cherry,'' ''French cherry,'' ''garden cherry,'' or ''West Indian cherry.'' 54,55 Acerola is thought to be native to the Caribbean Islands, Central America, or northern South America. Currently, it is cultivated in Puerto Rico, southern Florida, Hawaii, Barbados, the ...
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... to this, it may grow at a variety of soil pHs, ranging from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. 55,56 M. emarginata is a fruit-bearing shrub that averages 4.6 m in height and exhibits white to pink flowers. Its fruit expe- riences biphasic growth and develops as a three-carpellate drupaceous berry; otherwise, it looks like the common cherry (Fig. 3B). Each drupe ranges from 1 to 4 cm in di- ameter and weighs between 3 and 10 g. 55,56 Acerola cherries may exhibit a variety of colors, depending upon maturity and origin, spanning from green to orange-red to dark red- dish-purple. 57 The fruit bears a thin, delicate skin that is susceptible to bruising and deterioration after harvest. ...
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... 63 This fruit also contains flavonols (70-185 mg=kg) 64 such as quercitrin, hyperoside, and kaemperol glycosides. 53 Among the phe- nolic acids, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid have been reported. 62 Recently, a novel flavonoid, leuco- cyanidin-3-O-b-d-glucoside, was isolated from mature green acerola puree and named aceronidin (Fig. 3C). 53 In addition, much attention has been paid to carotenoid content in acerola fruit and its derived products. Acerola fruits contain between 0.32 and 40.6 mg of total carotenoids, de- pending on the stage of maturity, genotype, and harvest season. The carotenoid pigments increase during the mature state 65 ; in ripe fruit, four major ...
Citations
... Total phenolic content for V. floribundum Kunth corresponded to 20.31 ± 0.03 mg GAE g − 1 , a considerably higher value than that found by Ref. [35]-11.27 ± 0.20 mg GAE g − 1 -and [29]-1.26 ± 0.04 0 mg GAE g − 1 -while [36] reported 53.3 ± 5.8 mg g − 1 of catechin equivalents. Berries vary widely in terms of phenolic composition; therefore, variations among studies are expected since they include fruits from different regions, soils, and time zones and at different ripeness levels. ...
... We obtained 3.36 ± 0.07 mg AA 100 g − 1 of the lyophilized sample, which was lower than that reported by Refs. [36,48], who found 10.1 mg AA 100 g − 1 . These variations could be due to the fact that the previous studies were carried out using different Rubus fruits, as indicated by Ref. [29]; likewise, functional compounds can vary significantly depending on ripeness. ...
The native berries of South America present promising marketing opportunities owing to their high antioxidant content, notably rich in anthocyanin and phenolic compounds. However, Ecuador’s endemic fruits, primarily found in the wild, lack comprehensive data regarding their phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity, underscoring the need for research in this area. Accordingly, this study evaluated the total phenolic, anthocyanin, flavonoid, resveratrol, ascorbic acid, citric acid, sugars, and antioxidant content of three native Ecuadorian fruits: mora de monte (Rubus glabratus Kunth), mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth), and tuna de monte (Opuntia soederstromiana). Determination of resveratrol, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and sugars was determined by HPLC analysis, and UPLC analysis was used to determine tentative metabolites with nutraceutical properties. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using cyclic voltammetry and the DPPH method; differential pulse voltammetry was used to evaluate antioxidant power. Analysis of results through UPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry indicated that R. glabratus Kunth and V. floribundum Kunth are important sources of various compounds with potential health-promoting functions in the body. The DPPH results showed the following antioxidant capacities for the three fruits: R. glabratus Kunth ˃ O. soederstromiana ˃ V. floribundum Kunth; this trend was consistent with the antioxidant capacity results determined using the electrochemical methods.
... Such a plant is a wild evergreen shrub (height: 1-2 m) and is seen growing between the Maule and Aysén regions (central southern Chile), near the coastal and pre-Andean mountains. Its fruits are small globular berries (in average around 1 cm in diameter, weighing less than 1 g and containing few tens of seeds), with a pleasant smell and taste and show a high degree of variability with respect to its colour and size (Torres et al., 1999;Schreckinger et al., 2010;Augusto et al., 2015;López et al., 2018;Guenuleo et al., 2020;Neranzi et al., 2022). ...
... The biological activity of murta leaf extracts and infusions has been investigated, revealing antioxidant activity (Rubilar et al., 2006(Rubilar et al., , 2011Avello et al., 2013;Peña-Cerda et al., 2017), protective effects against oxidative damage in human cells (Suwalsky et al., 2007), anti-inflammatory activity (Aguirre et al., 2006), analgesic activity (Delporte et al., 2007) and a prebiotic effect (Shene et al., 2012). In general, the bioactivity and potential applications of the murta leaf extracts have been attributed to their high content of phenolic compounds (including phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanols and tannins) and triterpenoids (Schreckinger et al., 2010;López et al., 2018). Moreover, the leaf extracts have exhibited antimicrobial properties (Shene et al., 2009;López de Dicastillo et al., 2017) and even nematicidal activity (Böhm et al., 2009). ...
... Thus, the environment of developing fruits could affect their VOC profile, and the wild origin of the employed murta samples could explain the high account of identified terpenoids. Nevertheless, murta plants must have active biosynthetic routes for terpenoids since several works highlight its triterpenoid (Schreckinger et al., 2010) and sesquiterpenoid (Siani et al., 2016) contents. ...
Recently, a growing interest in fruits having a high content of health-promoting compounds has become a trend among consumers around the world. Wild berries have received special attention based on the high levels of healthy compounds present in them. In this work, we elaborate on the qualities of the murta ( Ugni molinae Turcz) fruit such as the colour, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present, its antioxidant capacity and the phenolic compound content (including those of flavonols and anthocyanins) with respect to the different ripening stages. Four stages were established based on the skin colour parameters, which were consistent with the changes in the weight and size of the murta fruits. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonols content showed a decrease during fruit ripening, in contrast with the total anthocyanins content that increased at the final stages of ripening. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated via two approaches: ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl discolouration assay; higher levels of antioxidants at the final stages were consistently observed. Furthermore, the VOCs profile showed terpenoids to be the main compounds, with the highest relative abundances in fully ripe fruits. These results allow us to propose a classification of the different ripening stages of the murta fruits. This would enable us to have better knowledge of this interesting fruit, which possesses highly healthy nutraceutical compounds.
... Literature is plentiful to show the properties of açai. Its intense purple colour (Schreckinger et al., 2010) and the variable pH of commercialized pulps (from 3.76 to 5.23) (Eto et al., 2010;Carvalho et al., 2017) has led to speculation that the nanofilled composite resin mentioned above may become rougher, softer and stained by açai. ...
O objetivo do presente artigo é avaliar o efeito do açaí na cor, dureza e rugosidade de uma resina composta nanoparticulada in vitro. As amostras foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos de acordo com a degradação química (n=25): saliva artificial (controle, pH 7,0) e sorbet de açaí (pH 3,8) e suco de açaí (pH 4,9). Os resultados de cor (escala CIELa*b*), rugosidade (Ra) e dureza de superfície (SH) foram analisados antes e após a degradação. As amostras foram submetidas a 3 imersões diárias (6 ml, 15 minutos) durante 14 dias (37°C). As amostras foram lavadas com água destilada ao final de cada imersão e nos intervalos (30 minutos) permaneceram em saliva fresca. Ao final da terceira imersão, as amostras foram colocadas em saliva fresca e nela permaneceram durante a noite. Os valores de ΔE* foram 1,88 para saliva/ sorbet e 2,2 para suco (p=0,017). Das três soluções, apenas o suco reduziu os valores de L* e aumentou os valores de a* (p<0,001). Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos (p>0,05) para dureza e rugosidade. As propriedades mecânicas da resina composta nanoparticulada não foram alteradas pelo açaí. Assim, não há necessidade de descontinuar o consumo de açaí para pacientes com restaurações de resina composta nanoparticuladas.
... Berries are known to have a positive effect on human health because of their high concentration of phytochemicals, macro-and micronutrients, as well as their high antioxidant capacity. The consumption of fresh or powdered berries may be considered a tool to prevent obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular and degenerative diseases [1]. The most cultivated berries around the world are strawberry, gooseberry, blueberry, raspberry, and blackberries. ...
... North and South American countries are the main producers of those berries. However, South America has many underutilized native berries with a great economic potential as functional foods in fresh and industrial markets [1,2] and there is a potential to take advantage of the industrial capacity for processing traditional berries. Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L. Myrtaceae), one of the most promising berries native to South America, is commercially grown in Brazil [3] and utilized as a novelty product by gastronomy industry in Uruguay [4]. ...
... We evaluated the incidence 2 , but not the severity 1 of rot on each sample. 2 Incidence was defined as the number of pitangas that were visibly damaged/diseased, relative to the total number of pitangas within each container, according to [17]. 1 Severity was defined as the area or volume of each pitanga that was visibly damaged/diseased, relative to the total pitanga surface or volume, according to [17]. In addition, E * was calculated according to [18]. ...
BACKGROUND: Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) is a South American berry with a sweet flavor and is rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidants. However, its high water and sugar content, susceptibility to spoilage, and bruising limit its shelf life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the physical and chemical changes of pitanga during storage and to identify the optimal harvest time and storage conditions. METHODS: Pitangas were harvested at mid or full-ripeness stages, stored at 2°C, 10°C, or 20°C, and analyzed for physical and chemical quality attributes using a kinetic approach. RESULTS: The storage temperature of pitanga significantly affected the kinetics of various quality attributes, including weight loss, percentage of damaged and decayed fruit, fruit hardness, total soluble solid content, and color change. However, the ripening stage during harvest only influenced the initial values of a few quality attributes. The bioactive compound content and antioxidant capacity of pitanga were not significantly affected by either storage temperature or ripening stage, except for vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS: Pitanga can be preserved at 2°C for 20 days, resulting in a four-fold increase in shelf life compared to current postharvest practices. This finding offers valuable insights into optimizing the postharvest technology of pitanga, thereby increasing its utilization and promoting sustainable production practices.
... Los llamados cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton), blueberry (varias especies de Vaccinium, entre ellas Vaccinium corymbosum L.) y lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) son los tres cultivares de frutos de ericáceas de mayor importancia económica y que han sido domesticados en el último siglo (Debnath, 2006;Song y Hancock, 2011). Otras especies que han ganado interés debido a sus propiedades nutricionales y su frecuente consumo son el llamado bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) en Norteamérica, y el mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) y el agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Sw.) en Suramérica (Sanjinés et al., 2006;Ligarreto, 2009;Schreckinger et al., 2010;Song y Hancock, 2011;Luteyn y Pedraza-Peñalosa, 2021). El enorme interés en todos estos frutos radica en que son considerados alimentos saludables (Kalt et al., 2007). ...
Se presenta una revisión acerca de las especies colombianas de Ericaceae con frutos comestibles, con énfasis en su forma de uso, su propagación y su cultivo. Se registraron 25 especies en diez géneros, cuya mayor diversidad se concentra en Cavendishia, Disterigma, Gaultheria y Vaccinium. La mayoría de las especies se distribuyen en zonas medias y altas de las cordilleras Oriental y Central. Si bien lo más frecuente es el consumo directo y esporádico de sus frutos, para siete especies se reporta su procesamiento en productos derivados y solo tres de ellas han tenido algún nivel de comercio. Aunque los estudios sobre propagación y cultivo se concentran en Vaccinium meridionale, se registran estudios básicos de propagación en Vaccinium floribundum, Macleania rupestris, Cavendishia bracteata, Disterigma alaternoides y Thibaudia floribunda. No obstante, la mayoría de los frutos de las ericáceas colombianas se cosechan primordialmente de poblaciones silvestres. En la actualidad, no se conocen estudios detallados del efecto de la cosecha en las poblaciones naturales ni se cuenta con planes de manejo para su aprovechamiento.
... Sin embargo, es el fruto el principal producto de interés, debido a su alto contenido en compuestos polifenólicos (Céspedes et al. 2010, Fredes y Robert 2014, sobre todo antocianos, con gran capacidad antioxidante. Esto eleva la demanda por parte de mercados internacionales para el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales y nutracéuticos (Schreckinger et al. 2010). ...
Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) has become an important health food as one of the berries with the highest known levels of antioxidant capacity, and its international demand has therefore increased. There is currently no cultivation of this species in Argentina, so all that is marketed comes from wild harvesting, with an inherent risk of resource degradation. Therefore, a process of domestication of this species has been initiated. Fifteen female and three male individuals (pollinators) were selected from previously identified natural populations of maqui from two forest types, coihue- or cypress-dominated. Those individuals were propagated vegetatively and the plants grown were installed in a cultivation plot under controlled conditions of solar radiation and water supply. Total height and diameter of main axes were measured in female clones during three consecutive seasons. Growth was modulated by the contrasting levels of solar radiation assayed, but not by the different levels of water supply. Clones growing under direct sunlight grew taller than those under shade net. Growth in height was higher in the second season, while in the third season the clones grew less in height but more in the sectional area of stems. No flowering or fruiting was observed in any clone or season. Maqui demonstrated the ability to acclimatise to culture conditions. This work constitutes the first study of selected maqui clones in the Andean-Patagonian forests of Argentina, with the aim of developing a productive alternative for farmers in the region.
... Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, popularly known as maqui, also known as maquei, queldrón, queldón, clone, coclon, koelon, and Chilean blackberry (Figure 8), is a 4-6 m evergreen tree with yellow flowers and edible, black-colored fruit, which grows in central and southern Chile and southwestern Argentina [75,106]. For the Mapuche people, maqui is one of the sacred plants, a symbol of peaceful intention and goodwill [107]. ...
... Additionally, in vivo experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats showed that their dietary supplementation with the aqueous extract of the native Chilean white strawberry for ten days before a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge at a dose of 4 g kg −1 day −1 diminished the induced damage in the liver [31]. LPS challenge increased inflammatory markers or wounds [51,84,106,107], and oral administration of F. chiloensis before the LPS challenge was able to reduce the increment of serum cytokines to a comparable level to non-challenged animals. These data suggest that the native Chilean white strawberry has excellent potential to be used as a natural anti-inflammatory dietary supplement. ...
Medicinal plants have been used since prehistoric times and continue to be utilized in the treatment of several diseases as a fundamental part of the healing process. Inflammation is a condition characterized by redness, pain, and swelling. This process is a hard response by living tissue to any kind of injury. Furthermore, inflammation is produced by an extensive range of diseases such as rheumatic and immune-mediated conditions, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Hence, anti-inflammatory based treatments could emerge as a novel and exciting approach to treat these diseases. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, and this review introduces various native Chilean plants whose anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in experimental studies. Fragaria chiloensis, Ugni molinae, Buddleja globosa, Aristotelia chilensis, Berberis microphylla, and Quillaja saponaria are some of the native species analyzed in this review. Since inflammation treatment is not a one-dimensional solution, this review seeks a multidimensional therapeutic approach to inflammation with plant extracts based on scientific and ancestral knowledge
... A imagem amazônica possui um enorme apelo ecológico que vem se difundindo no mundo inteiro que em associação da descoberta de qualidades nutricionais extraordinárias gerou um consumo com crescimento da polpa de açaí e a cada ano vem se ampliando e sendo descoberto por novos mercados tanto no país como no exterior (Pagliarussi, 2010). (Schreckinger et al., 2010), mais recente teve-se as exportações também para a Holanda e a Coréia do Sul (Carvalho et al., 2017), estimulado pelas suas notórias propriedades antioxidantes, composição nutricional, riqueza de fibras, lipídeos, fenóis e a presença de antocianina associadas ao efeitos que pode haver sobre a prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares (Moura Rocha, 2015;Yamaguchi et al., 2015). ...
A expansão do consumo de polpa do fruto de açaizeiro precisa urgentemente de pesquisas para conseguir novos cultivares, visando atender o mercado em franco crescimento. Um grande dificultador é a quantidade de materiais genéticos que atrapalha o entendimento do resultado gráfico, portanto este trabalho teve como objetivo o uso simultâneo da análise multivariada, do agrupamento por dendrograma e da AMMI para identificar as superiores. Um total de 76 progênies foi avaliado em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, duas repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Avaliou-se: FV – número de cachos verdes em formação; FLF – número de lançamentos foliares por estipe e; TM - Tamanho do cacho. As conclusões foram de que o uso combinado da análise multivariada, o agrupamento pelo dendrograma e a análise gráfica AMMI, possibilita estudar quantitativo alto de progênies, tornando-se eficaz, importante e preciso; há variabilidade genética disponível com contribuições individuais distintas para a interação GxA, assim como também os efeitos ambientais; as progênies com maior destaque para estabilidade e adaptabilidade são P29, P55, P7, P8, P38, P5 e P24, não se adicionando progênie com base no modelo AMMI2, expandindo-se com o dendrograma para as progênies P72, P70, P9, P61, P62, P64 e P73; o distinto desempenho das progênies conforme os anos de avaliação, mostra que o desenvolvimento das plantas gera resposta aos fatores ambientais em função do estádio de desenvolvimento fenológico, tornando importante a pesquisa para se conhecer as exigências e respostas do açaizeiro.
... [8] Açaí pulp is rich in bioactive compounds with emphasis on anthocyanins, which are natural antioxidants beneficial to health. [9] Therefore, it is a potential binder for agglomeration since the anthocyanins can be incorporated into the agglomerated powder, adding nutritional value and functional properties to the final product. ...
... This requires combination therapy along with anti-obesity drugs. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Acai berry (Euterpe oleracea) has been marketed in recent days as a dietary supplement for its superior health benefits such as improving digestion, rapid weight loss, helps in fighting against cardiovascular disorder [9,10] Acai berries have been marketed in US as various formulations such as tablets, capsules, juices, powders and energy drinks. It has been reported to exhibit anti-cancer, [11] anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory [12,13] activities both in vitro [14,15] and in vivo [16][17][18][19] . ...
Objectives:
To explore the effect of Acai berry on the pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin (ATR), Alogliptin (ALO) and Empagliflozin (EMPA) in SD rats.
Method:
Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups (n = 6). First three groups were treated with Acai berry (PO; 250 mg/kg); fourth, fifth and sixth groups received sodium CMC (vehicle) for 10 days and on eleventh day, first and fourth groups were administered with ATR (PO; 10 mg/kg); second and fifth groups with ALO (PO; 25 mg/kg) and third and sixth groups received EMPA (PO; 25 mg/kg).
Key findings:
Co-intake of ATR with Acai berry resulted in slight decrease in Cmax from 41.78 to 34.65 ng/ml and AUC from 227.66 to 136.31 (µg/ml) *h, while there was an increase in the Cmax from 43.43 to 68.71 ng/ml and AUC from 117.6 to 207.1 (µg/ml) *h in ALO treated groups and Cmax from 173.99 to 250.1 ng/ml and AUC from 400.37 to 518.35 (µg/ml) *h in the EMPA-treated groups.
Conclusion:
There was a significant change in the AUC0-t and Cmax of ATR, ALO and EMPA after co-administration with Acai berry. Further studies are recommended to confirm the clinical significance of these interactions.
