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Photograph of fallen girders after collapse of part of the first Tay Bridge, 1879. Reproduced under Creative Commons License from the National Library of Scotland Digital Gallery.
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This paper establishes relations—historical, material and evidential connections—between two responses to a ‘crisis’. The first features in the history of industrialised iron construction, specifically period reporting on the spectacular collapse of the River Dee bridge in Cheshire, England, in 1847. The second response highlights a blind spot in t...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... it was the uncertain impact of a number of distinctive environments (includ- ing prisons, asylums and factories) on human health and morality that led to calls for inquests. Consequently, the institution of the inquest remained uneasily positioned as ' a tool of exposure and demonstration, on the one hand, and of procedural inquiry and explanation, on the other' (Ibid., 49). ...
Context 2
... of material science and engineering was advanced by the River Dee bridge failure and by subsequent disasters. The collapse of Thomas Bouch's Tay Bridge in 1879 was particularly influential, the bridge's failure determined to have been caused by inadequate calculations for wind force, poor maintenance or shoddy workmanship (or a combination of all three factors) (Select Committee on North British Railway 1880) 12 (Figure 4). As conventional thinking has it, protection of the public good has become enshrined in new material standards and the improved education of engineers and building technicians. ...
Citations
... Research on the condition of railway infrastructure and its relation to the rolling stock movement, which was initiated in the mid-19 th century (after the disaster of the Dee River railway bridge in Chester) provided the basis for formulating the first technical standards for the safety of these facilities [2]. In the 1950s, the service speed of rolling stocks did not exceed 100 km·h −1 . ...
... Based on[46].2 Device for stabilizing reference spheres on terrain surface protected by registered utility model No. W.126075, creator: Maria Makuch. ...
The railway system in Poland is undergoing technological transformation. The development of the Polish railway system concerns not only high-speed trains but also infrastructure. The steel bridge is the most popular type of railway bridge in Poland. Most of them were built in the 1950s and 1960s. According to the recommendations in place in Western Europe, such railway bridges should be reviewed in terms of their fitness for use with modern high-speed trains. The modern technological revolution affects not only the railway, but also developments in displacement and deformation measurement techniques. New technologies provide more objective measurement results and accelerate results processing. They also facilitate the non-contact measurement of bridge structure stability. The authors investigated the vertical displacement of an old steel railway bridge in three different, specific case studies of terrestrial laser scanning data application. Then, the results of 3D data were compared with traditional land surveying results. The scientific results led to a conclusion that a strictly determined methodology of the measurement and analysis of a terrestrial laser scanner results supported by traditional land surveying techniques facilitates the determination of the vertical displacement of bridges with acceptable accuracy.
... Inspections of the condition of railway infrastructure and its relationship with railway traffic commenced in the mid-19 th century after the Dee Bridge disaster in Chester, forming the basis for the first engineering safety standards for structures [1]. In the 1950s, the operational railway speed was below 100 km·h -1 . ...
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology has become increasingly popular in investigating displacement and deformation of natural and anthropogenic objects. Regardless of the accuracy of deformation identification, TLS provides remote comprehensive information about the measured object in a short time. These features of TLS were why TLS measurement was used for a static load test of an old, steel railway bridge. The results of the measurement using the Z+F Imager 5010 scanner and traditional surveying methods (for improved georeferencing) were compared to results of precise reflectorless tacheometry and precise levelling. The analyses involved various procedures for the determination of displacement from 3D data (black & white target analysis, point cloud analysis, and mesh surface analysis) and the need to pre-process the 3D data was considered (georeferencing, automated filtering). The results demonstrate that TLS measurement can identify vertical displacement in line with the results of traditional measurements down to ±1 mm.
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the dynamic behavior of an existing railway bridge in Turkey, subjected to different earthquakes considering different types of soils. In this study, the earthquake response characteristic of a multi span railway bridge was analyzed by taking into account the soil-structure interaction. For time domain dynamic analyses of the structure-soil model, a 2D version of PLAXIS, a specially developed finite element software for solving geotechnical problems, have been performed. In the analysis, two dimensional finite element (FE) model was used. Considering the soil property of bridge site, analysis was performed for three types of soil; the soils were specified as a soft, medium and dense. In this study three types of earthquake was used as input motion. In order to measure the effect of different ground motions as dynamic effect (different frequency content and acceleration amplitude); time-acceleration records of three different earthquakes are used. Kobe (Japan, 1995), Kocaeli (Turkey, 1999) and Manjil (Iran, 1990) earthquakes are defined as input motions. In order to determine the dynamic behavior of the bridge pier-soil system, analysis is carried out for different soil conditions with different stiffnesses. According to the results of the dynamic analysis, the dynamic responses of the bridge, including the horizontal displacements for the base and top points of the bridge pier and also for the middle and corner points of the soil are obtained comparatively and showed in graphic forms. Examining the results, it has been observed that the frequency content of the external load and the mechanical properties of the soil largely affect the dynamic behavior of the bridge pier and the maximum horizontal displacements differ when considering soil-structure interaction.
The classical measurements of stability of railway bridge, in the context of determining the vertical displacements of the object, consisted on precise leveling of girders and trigonometric leveling of controlled points (fixed into girders' surface). The construction elements, which were measured in two ways, in real terms belonged to the same vertical planes. Altitude measurements of construction were carried out during periodic structural stability tests and during static load tests of bridge by train. The specificity of displacement measurements, the type of measured object and the rail land surveying measurement conditions were determinants to define methodology of altitude measurement. The article presents compatibility of vertical displacements of steel railway bridge, which were developed in two measurement methods. In conclusion, the authors proposed the optimum concept of determining the vertical displacements of girders by using precise and trigonometric leveling (in terms of accuracy, safety and economy of measurement).
