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Gas emission from motor vehicle has become the origin of many serious issues including health and air-quality, green house effect, and other environment issues. While motor vehicle manufacturers have set a particular standard of gas emission and motor vehicle aging, usage has contributed to the increase of hazardous gas emission from vehicles. Ther...
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... Among the most examined heterogeneous catalyst, transition metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) have unique advantages in biodiesel production due to their higher basicity, easier to obtain, and inexpensive. TiO 2 is one of the superior transition metal oxides that can be applied for biodiesel production as it is non-toxic and eco-friendly [25][26][27][28][29]. However, undoped TiO 2 has various limitations in its wide application. ...
The present work is focused on the development of a potential novel heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. A novel catalyst based on TiO2 modified of 3d elements such as Fe and Ni metal (Fe/TiO2-Ni). A series of Fe/TiO2-Ni nanocomposites was prepared using a sol-gel method and calcined at 500 °C. The catalyst’s surface morphology, structural crystal, and molecular structure were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The mean particle size of the Fe/TiO2-Ni nanocomposite was estimated to be 9.16 nm. The results of nanocomposite analysis represented that the distribution of Fe and Ni elements in the lattice of TiO2 nanoparticles has been successfully synthesized. The GC-MS analysis indicated that the main component of methyl ester for coconut oil contains methyl laurate (C13H26O2) at 51.38%, methyl octanoate (C9H18O2) at 18.75%, methyl caprate (C11H22O2) at 10.21, and methyl myristate (C14H28O2) at 8.80%. A catalyst examination was conducted following ASTM standards for coconut oil biodiesel production and was discovered to be within standards. Therefore, a catalyst based on TiO2 modified of 3d elements (such as Fe and Ni metal) became a promising candidate for biodiesel production in the future.
... The hydroxyl radical formed can degrade organic pollutants [18]. However, the wide band gap of anatase TiO2 (around 3.2 eV) which is equivalent to UV light (388 nm wavelength) limits its photocatalytic application, so its use is only limited to the UV region and not to the visible light region [19,20]. Whereas it is known that visible light is very abundant as sunlight reaches the Earth and will be very beneficial if there are photocatalysts that can be activated by visible light which is very abundant [21]. ...
Preparation of TiO 2 /Ti and Mn-TiO 2 /Ti electrodes was successfully carried out. The purpose of this study was to effect the addition of manganese (Mn) to TiO 2 which will be used to degrade congo red organic compounds by photocatalysis. TiO 2 is made through an anodic oxidation process. Mn coating is done by doping using the electrodeposition method. The results of the characterization using XRD showed that the TiO 2 /Ti electrodes were produced in the form of anatase crystals. SEM results show that nanotubes formed on the surface of the thin layer of TiO 2 /Ti. EDX results show the presence of manganese metal on the surface of TiO 2 /Ti of 6.58%. The characterization results using LSV showed that the TiO 2 /Ti electrode was active in UV light at a concentration of 1 ppm with 51.23% degradation and the Mn-TiO 2 /Ti electrode was active at Visible light at a concentration of 1 ppm with 75.48% degradation.
... DSSC development is currently more focused on photoanode semiconductors which have relatively wide bandgap energy such as TiO2 [12][13][14][15]. TiO2 nanoparticle is more suitable for the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to their good chemical stabilities, good optical properties, inert, non-toxic, and better dye adsorption abilities [16][17][18][19][20]. Xu et al. [21] reported that the existence of TiO2nanosheets in the hierarchical submicroflowers from anatase TiO2, which enhanced the electron transport process in DSSC. ...
The past few decades Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) based on TiO 2 nanoparticle have attracted much attention from researchers because of their promising Physico-chemical properties and high photoconversion efficiency. In this research, TiO 2 nanoparticles mediated with hexamethylenetetramine surfactant were successfully synthesized by the hydrolysis method. The influence of hexamethylenetetramine surfactant precursor concentration on DSSC photovoltaic performance was investigated. The prepared samples are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. SEM analysis results show that the HMT surfactant has a big influence on the morphology, particle size, and crystal phase of TiO 2 particles. The surface morphology exhibited the nanorice grain particles in all samples. By spectrophotometry, it was shown that the films had a bandgap of about 2.9 eV. The film promoted by HMT 0.3 M from DSSC showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.7%.
... TiO 2 as one of the most promising semiconductor materials that has attracted tremendous research interest as regards clean energy and environmental remediation due to its low cost, high efficiency, photostability, and non-toxic [4,5]. It is a versatile material and is used in many different applications, including paints and food safety [6], biomedicine [7][8][9], photocatalysis [10], photo-splitting of water [11], sunscreen protection for cosmetics, lightsensitive materials [5], dye-sensitized solar cells [12] and gas-sensing [13]. This phenomenon was evidenced in 1972s by Fujishima and Honda photocatalytic splitting of water on TiO 2 electrode under ultraviolet light (UV) [14]. ...
Among nanomaterials, nano-TiO2 has shown the potential to improve the rheological properties of asphalt binders, and mechanical and durability properties when used in the mixture phase. These improvements include fatigue resistance, high-temperature performance, aging resistance, and moisture susceptibility. In addition, nano-TiO2 is known to have remarkable photocatalytic properties, which can lead to pollutant degradation and better air quality. Besides, nano-TiO2 has the potential to reduce the pavement surface temperature by reflecting the UV rays of the sun and increasing heat dissipation, which may lessen the urban heat island adverse effects on the environment. These interesting features of nano-TiO2 can be attributed to its remarkable physical and chemical structure and properties. To cast light on these different outcomes of using nano-TiO2 in asphalt pavements, this article provides a critical review of the rheological, mechanical, durability, and environmental impacts of incorporating nano-TiO2 into asphalt pavements, and how the chemical properties of nano-TiO2 are related to these effects. This article also reviews the photocatalytic and pavement cooling performance of nano-TiO2-modified asphalt pavement to optimize its environmental benefits. Furthermore, the article provides a critical discussion investigating the challenges and potential downsides of using nano-TiO2 in asphalt pavement, offering helpful discernments for future research and application in the pavement industry.
The modification of ternary metal oxide to improve the photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) properties of TiO2 photocatalyst is a hot issue in environmental and resource applications. Herein, we present a novel photoelectrocatalytst of Se doped-TiO2/Ti nanotube arrays (Se@TiO2/Ti-NTAs) for high-efficiency degradation of diazinon pesticide. The Se@TiO2/Ti-NTAs were prepared to treat the TiO2-NTAs in Se-TiO2 sol-gel for 10 min, which was followed by calcination in air at 200 °C for 1 h. Optical absorption spectroscopy of the Se@TiO2/Ti-NTAs indicated that there is a red-shift in the optical energy gap to 2.95 eV if compared to the pristine TiO2/Ti NTAs, which suggests that the new photoelectrocatalyst is photoactive under visible light irradiation. We evaluated the photoactivity of the sample by using it as the photoelectrocatalyst in the degradation of diazinon pesticides under the PEC process. The results showed that the Se@TiO2/Ti-NTAs can degrade 95.62% for 1 h under visible light irradiation, which is equivalent to the degradation rate constant of 0.0183 s−1. For comparison, the pristine TiO2/Ti NTAs only degrades the diazinon as high as 87.65%, even then under UV light irradiation. Our result also indicated that the Se@TiO2/Ti-NTAs promote active photoelectron transfer and active radical formation, such as •OH and •O
−2
, for rapid diazinon pesticide degradation. The Se@TiO2/Ti-NTAs photoelectrode should be a potential platform for environmental pollution treatment.
Pentingnya mengetahui kandungan logam nikel (Ni) dalam air laut dan persebarannya disekitaran Teluk Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara karena kebolehjadian terjadinya pencemaran limbah domestik dan akumulasi sedimentasi di badan perairan yang terbawa melalui aliran sungai dan drainase perkotaan. Penelitian ini menyajikan beberapa korelasi antara aktivitas keramaian masyarakat dengan tingkat kandungan logam Ni disekitaran Teluk Kendari yang dianalisis menggunakan instrumentasi spektroskopi serapan atom (SSA). Penentuan 5 titik lokasi berbeda dipilih berdasarkan banyaknya kegiatan aktivitas masyarakat. Selanjutnya, sampel diambil masing-masing sebanyak 1 Liter sejauh ±100 m dari garis pantai yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan instrument SSA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan aktivitas keramaian kegiatan masyarakat terhadap tingginya kandungan logam Ni yang terakumulasi dalam air laut Teluk Kendari. Kandungan logam Ni yang diperoleh bervariasi berturut-turut T1< T4< T3< T2> T5 yaitu 0,047; 0,052; 0,063; 0,068; 0,073. Berdasarkan baku mutu, standar kandungan Ni dalam air laut sebesar 0,05 mg/L, sehingga pada T2, T3, T4, dan T5 dinyatakan telah melebihi ambang batas. Hal ini disebabkan lokasi tersebut maraknya aktivitas masyarakat sehingga kebolehjadian nilai logam Ni juga meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi terkini terkait wilayah pencemaran lingkungan akibat akumulasi logam berat dan juga bagi masyarakat agar tidak mengkonsumsi ikan yang diperoleh dari Teluk Kendari.
In this study, phthalocyanine (Pc)–TiO2 photocatalysts were obtained using the hydrothermal method. Respectively, symmetric zinc(II) (1), copper(II) (2), cobalt(II) (3), nickel(II) (4), metal-free (5) and asymmetric zinc(II) (6), copper(II) (7) Pc compounds were used for the synthesis of Pc–TiO2 nanocomposites. The structures of 7 variously prepared nanocomposites were elucidated using FEG-SEM, UV-DRS, FTIR, EDX, BET and XRD analysis methods. Photocatalyst properties of Pc(1–7)–TiO2 nanocomposites were determined in terms of their photocatalytic activities. Based on this, Pc–TiO2 nanocomposites tend to degrade the pollutant, methylene blue (MB), under visible light with photocatalytic activity which can be determined by UV–Vis absorption spectra. According to the results obtained, photocatalytic activities of Pc(1–7)–TiO2 nanocomposites were found to be effective with the rate of 100% decay of MB in 100–130 min. After 3 repeated applications to measure reusability, it was determined that the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites was preserved at an average of 87% efficiency.
