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6. Phonon modes in Raman spectroscopy of graphene. Phonon modes iTO (a) and iLO (b) at Γ-point and the sketch of Raman process in graphene for G band (c). (d) Schematic representation iTO at K-point. (e) D band resonant process which involves a scattering from defects (horizontal dotted line). 2D band Raman process occurs through a second-order process, which is either double resonant (f) or triple resonant (g). [178]

6. Phonon modes in Raman spectroscopy of graphene. Phonon modes iTO (a) and iLO (b) at Γ-point and the sketch of Raman process in graphene for G band (c). (d) Schematic representation iTO at K-point. (e) D band resonant process which involves a scattering from defects (horizontal dotted line). 2D band Raman process occurs through a second-order process, which is either double resonant (f) or triple resonant (g). [178]

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Abstract (English): The electrical quantum standards have played a decisive role in modern metrology, particularly since the introduction of the revised International System of Units (SI) in May 2019. By adapting the basic units to exactly defined natural constants, the quantized Hall resistance (QHR) standards are also given precisely. The Von Kli...

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Abstract (English): The electrical quantum standards have played a decisive role in modern metrology, particularly since the introduction of the revised International System of Units (SI) in May 2019. By adapting the basic units to exactly defined natural constants, the quantized Hall resistance (QHR) standards are also given precisely. The Von Kli...