Figure 6 - uploaded by Cristina M Dias Soares
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction related to several mechanisms such as protein...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... present in cell walls play essential roles as a defence mechanism against undesirable environmental conditions such as salinity level, nutrient and light availability, UV radiation, herbivores, and microbes [358,360]. The structure of phlorotannins is presented in Figure 6. ...
Citations
... Algae derived food has shown promise in modulating allergy and inflammation through several mechanisms [74,75]. While further research is needed to fully understand these mechanisms, here are some potential ways in which algae derived food may exert its effects. ...
... Furthermore, studies have indicated that algae derived food may reduce allergic symptoms by suppressing allergic reactions, modulating immune cell activity, and enhancing the production of antiinflammatory molecules [75,76]. The specific mechanisms underlying these effects are still being explored, but initial findings suggest that algae derived compounds may interact with immune cells and signaling pathways involved in allergic responses [15,22,75,76]. ...
... Furthermore, studies have indicated that algae derived food may reduce allergic symptoms by suppressing allergic reactions, modulating immune cell activity, and enhancing the production of antiinflammatory molecules [75,76]. The specific mechanisms underlying these effects are still being explored, but initial findings suggest that algae derived compounds may interact with immune cells and signaling pathways involved in allergic responses [15,22,75,76]. ...
Cite this article: Pereira L, Valado A. Exploring the therapeutic potential of algae derived food and diet factors in allergy and inflammation. Abstract Seaweed, a rich source of bioactive compounds, has gained increasing attention for its potential therapeutic applications in allergy and inflammation. This review examines the current scientific literature investigating the effects of seaweed derived food and diet factors on allergic and inflammatory conditions. Seaweed is abundant in polysaccharides, peptides, polyphenols, and fatty acids, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. These bioactive compounds have the capacity to modulate immune responses and mitigate allergic reactions, rendering seaweed a promising candidate for the development of functional foods and dietary interventions targeting allergy and inflammation. Explorations into the effects of seaweed consumption on allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis have shown encouraging results. Factors found in seaweed have the potential to alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation, and boost immune function in allergy sufferers. Furthermore, inquiries into the effectiveness of diets incorporating seaweed in preventing and managing chronic inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis have been undertaken. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of seaweed derived compounds are being unraveled, revealing their ability to modulate immune cell activity, regulate cytokine production, inhibit inflammatory mediators, and promote gut microbiota balance. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for targeted interventions and the identification of specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed therapeutic effects. Seaweed derived food and diet factors hold significant promise as natural interventions for the prevention and management of allergic and inflammatory conditions. However, further research is required to establish the optimal dosage, formulation, and long-term effects of seaweed-based interventions. Additionally, clinical trials are necessary to validate their efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations. This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of seaweed derived compounds and underscores the importance of incorporating seaweed into dietary strategies to combat allergy and inflammation.
... According to Sullivan et al., (2010), seaweeds possess a high content of proteins, lipids, dietary fibers, and bioactive substances, which have been associated with a wide range of health advantages for both people and animals. The significance of these organisms extends beyond their role in nutrition, as they have demonstrated potential in other fields like bioremediation, carbon sequestration, and medicinal uses (Martins et al., 2022). ISBN: 978-81-19980-24-6 ...
... Moreover, seaweeds possess antibacterial characteristics, rendering them highly beneficial in the fields of medicine and pharmaceuticals (Val et al., 2001). The neuroprotective efficacy of compounds produced from seaweeds has been demonstrated, indicating their potential utility in the management of neurodegenerative disorders (Martins et al., 2022). In addition, it has been observed that seaweed contains bioactive constituents that have the potential to exert beneficial effects on intestinal health. ...
Seaweeds, as marine macroalgae, possess significant potential not only as sources of phycocolloids and bioactive compounds but also as critical agents in environmental sustainability endeavors. This review paper evaluates their diverse roles, particularly focusing on their contributions to bioremediation and carbon sequestration. By scrutinizing the structural complexities and functional attributes of seaweed-derived phycocolloids, the paper elucidates their effectiveness in bioremediation processes, offering sustainable strategies for pollution abatement in aquatic environments. Furthermore, it explores the less-explored yet essential aspect of seaweeds' capability for carbon sequestration, emphasizing their capacity to absorb and sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide, thereby mitigating the impacts of climate change. This paper emphasizes the essential contribution of seaweeds to environmental stewardship, suggesting avenues for their expanded use in addressing global environmental challenges.
... Carotenoids consist of C40 hydrocarbon molecules in which isoprenoid works as building blocks, and from more than 750 carotenoids, 250 are derived from marine sources. Fucoxanthin (10%) is one of the most abundant carotenoids found in marine sources, and due to its allenic bond, it shows high antioxidant properties, which makes it a good neuroprotective candidate [74]. Fucoxanthin is a lipophilic pigment of brown seaweed that has also been observed to navigate the BBB when examined in vivo (200 mg/kg), indicating its ability to protect against neurological disorders [75]. ...
The most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), are the seventh leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Clinical observations of NDD patients are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the brain along with memory decline. The common pathological hallmarks of NDDs include oxidative stress, the dysregulation of calcium, protein aggregation, a defective protein clearance system, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and damage to cholinergic neurons. Therefore, managing this pathology requires screening drugs with different pathological targets, and suitable drugs for slowing the progression or prevention of NDDs remain to be discovered. Among the pharmacological strategies used to manage NDDs, natural drugs represent a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the neuroprotective potential of seaweed and its bioactive compounds, and safety issues, which may provide several beneficial insights that warrant further investigation.
... Multiple studies have validated that neuroinflammation is highly correlated with neuropathological damage after VD, where the neuroinflammatory mediators secreted by microglia aggravate axonal degeneration and neuronal death (Martins et al. 2022). Hence, we examined the influences of the combination of citicoline and NMN on the neuroinflammation in the BCCAO rat model. ...
Vascular dementia (VD) is characterized with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), which currently has few effective therapies in clinic. Neuronal damage and white matter injury are involved in the pathogenesis of VCI. Citicoline has been demonstrated to exhibit neuroprotection and neurorepair to improve cognition in cerebrovascular diseases. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)-dependent sirtuin (SIRT) signaling pathway constitutes a strong intrinsic defense system against various stresses including neuroinflammation in VCI. Our hypothesis is that the combined use of citicoline and the precursor of NAD⁺, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), could enhance action on cognitive function in VCI. We investigated the synergistic effect of these two drugs in the rat model of VCI by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Citicoline significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells, and the combination of citicoline and NMN remarkably induced neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells and primary cortical neuronal cells with an optimal proportion of 4:1. In the rat model of BCCAO, when two drugs in combination of 160 mg/kg citicoline and 40 mg/kg NMN, this combination administrated at 7 days post-BCCAO significantly improved the cognitive impairment in BCCAO rats compared with vehicle group by the analysis of the Morris water maze and the novel object recognition test. This combination also decreased microglial activation and neuroinflammation, and protected white matter integrity indicated by the increased myelin basic protein (MBP) expression through activation of SIRT1/TORC1/CREB signaling pathway. Our results suggest that the combination of citicoline and NMN has a synergistic effect for the treatment of VD associated with VCI.
... Because of its antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory properties, it may have possible applications as a health-improving component and as a food preservative [21]. Phycobiliproteins (phycobilin at 100 or 500 g/mL) and chlorophyll "a" at 245 g/mL from Palmaria p. displayed anti-inflammatory action in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) by decreasing inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) [22]. The safety of naturallybased medicines and mechanistic evidence of their usefulness in the cognitive domain still need to be better understood [6]. ...
... Harnedy et al. discovered a novel decapeptide with antioxidant properties from Palmaria palmata aqueous extract. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities of this decapeptide were 21.23 ± 0.90 nmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/mol peptide [21,22]. In macroalgae like Palmaria p., epicatechin is the most prevalent phenolic component. ...
... Epicatechin reduced ROS levels while increasing GSH concentration. Another study found that epicatechin had anti-inflammatory characteristics by inhibiting TNF-, iNOS, and NF-B expression increases in a doxorubicin-treated rat model [22]. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modulate antioxidant signaling pathways by incorporating them into cellular membranes. ...
Background:
Red marine algae have shown the potential to reduce inflammation, influence microbiota, and provide neuroprotection.
Objective:
To examine the prebiotic properties of Palmaria palmata aqueous extract (Palmaria p.) and its potential as a neuroprotective agent in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods:
eighty-eight adult Swiss mice were divided into four male and four female groups, including a control group (distilled water), Palmaria p.-treated group (600 mg/kg b.w.), cuprizone (CPZ)-treated group (mixed chow 0.2%), and a group treated with both CPZ and Palmaria p. The experiment continued for seven weeks. CPZ treatment terminated at the end of the 5th week, with half of the mice sacrificed to assess the demyelination stage. To examine the spontaneous recovery, the rest of the mice continued until the end of week seven. Behavioral (grip strength (GS) and open field tests (OFT)), microbiome, and histological assessments for general morphology of corpus callous (CC) were all conducted at the end of week five and week 7.
Results:
Palmaria p. can potentially protect against CPZ-induced MS with variable degrees in male and female Swiss mice. This protection was demonstrated through three key findings: (1) increased F/B ratio and expansion of the beneficial Lactobacillus, Proteobacteria, and Bactriodia communities. (2) Protection against the decline in GS induced by CPZ and prevented CPZ-induced anxiety in OFT. (3) Preservation of structural integrity.
Conclusions:
Because of its propensity to promote microbiota alterations, its antioxidant activity, and its content of -3 fatty acids, Palmaria p. could be a promising option for MS patients and could be beneficial as a potential probiotic for the at-risk groups as a preventive measure against MS.
... extracts contain various bioactive compounds such as fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and phlorotannins, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. These extracts have shown potential in terms of protecting nerve cells and improving nerve function in diabetic neuropathy models [116]. ...
Diabetes poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Natural products and their derivatives have emerged as promising candidates for diabetes management due to their diverse compositions and pharmacological effects. Algae, in particular, have garnered attention for their potential as a source of bioactive compounds with anti-diabetic properties. This review offers a comprehensive overview of algae-derived natural products for diabetes management, highlighting recent developments and future prospects. It underscores the piv-otal role of natural products in diabetes care and delves into the diversity of algae, their bioactive constituents, and underlying mechanisms of efficacy. Noteworthy algal derivatives with substantial potential are briefly elucidated, along with their specific contributions to addressing distinct aspects of diabetes. The challenges and limitations inherent in utilizing algae for therapeutic interventions are examined, accompanied by strategic recommendations for optimizing their effectiveness. By addressing these considerations, this review aims to chart a course for future research in refining algae based approaches. Leveraging the multifaceted pharmacological activities and chemical components of algae holds significant promise in the pursuit of novel antidiabetic treatments. Through continued research and the fine-tuning of algae-based interventions, the global diabetes burden could be mitigated, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes.
... Healthy plants contain a lot of highly soluble proteins that are the components of virus coat protein synthesis (Martins et al. 2022). The induction of macroalgae extract in the plants can lower the level of soluble protein, making the environment less advantageous for virus replication. ...
... Sami et al. (2021) reported that E. spinosum and E. cottonii has high polysaccharide content which makes them great for use as antiviral. E. cottonii contain various nutrition, such as protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and bioactive compounds (Biris-Dorhoi et al. 2020;Hentati et al. 2020;Martins et al. 2022). The bioactive compounds present in various algae are polyphenol (Hentati et al. 2020), alkaloid, terpen, pigment, sterole, fatty acid (Barbosa et al. 2014), carrageenan, fucan, and several other compounds that have been proven to potentially be used as antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer (Kalitnik et al. 2013;Prajapati et al. 2014). ...
Listihani L, Yuniti IGAD, Sapanca PLY, Pandawani NP, Selangga DGW. 2023. The antiviral potential of macroalgae in suppressing Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) infection in sweet potatoes. Biodiversitas 24: 4079-4086. Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) was first found in sweet potatoes in Indonesia in 2022. Prevention of spread of virus is essential, especially by using macroalgae extract which is environmentally friendly and has antiviral activity. The aim of present research was to test the potential of sea macroalgae to suppress SPLCV infection and to analyze phytochemicals of potential macroalgae containing an antiviral substance. Macroalgae extract was sprayed on the test plants that were infected by SPLCV. The observed parameters were changes in symptoms, disease incidence and severity, virus confirmation by PCR, and phytochemical analysis. The test results up to day 21 showed that Eucheuma spinosum was found to be effective in suppressing SPLCV infection in sweet potatoes, up to symptomless infection in young leaves. E. spinosum and E. cottonii suppressed disease incidence by 80% and 40% and lower disease severity as much as 71% and 48%, while E. serra showed less ability to suppress SPLCV infection. The two macroalgae had flavonoid, saponin, and steroid content which may be the reason to suppress the viral infection. The results of PCR analysis showed that microalgal extract had the highest nucleotide and amino acid homology with Gianyar (LC586170) isolate with values of 99.7 and 100%. The macroalgae with the highest ability to suppress the virus were E. spinosum and E. cottonii. This showed that the application of macroalgae extract did not change the amino acid sequence of SPLCV isolate.
... Given the spectrum of the presentations for MS, it should be no surprise that a vast array of cellular mechanisms may foster the onset and progression of MS. Pathways that involve inflammatory mediators, demyelination and remyelination pathways, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier impairment, viral antigens, and cellular metabolism, which are dependent upon nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), have been tied to the underlying pathology of MS [10,29,31,33,39,43,72,77,85,86,99,100,115,162,171,[179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198]. Although new treatments that address MS, known as disease modifying therapies (DMTs), can limit the rate of relapse in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, DMTs cannot prevent disease progression. ...
Almost three million individuals suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the world, a demyelinating disease in the nervous system with increased prevalence over the last five decades, and is now being recognized as one significant etiology of cognitive loss and dementia. Presently, disease modifying therapies can limit the rate of relapse and potentially reduce brain volume loss in patients with MS, but unfortunately cannot prevent disease progression or the onset of cognitive disability. Innovative strategies are therefore required to address areas of inflammation, immune cell activation, and cell survival that involve novel pathways of programmed cell death, mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and associated pathways with the apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). These pathways are intertwined at multiple levels and can involve metabolic oversight with cellular metabolism dependent upon nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Insight into the mechanisms of these pathways can provide new avenues of discovery for the therapeutic treatment of dementia and loss in cognition that occurs during MS.
... extracts contain various bioactive compounds such as fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and phlorotannins, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. These extracts have shown potential in protecting nerve cells and improving nerve function in diabetic neuropathy models [116]. ...
Diabetes and its complications are a global health burden, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Natural products and derivatives are gaining attention as potential agents for managing diabetes due to their diverse constituents and pharmacological activities. Algae, in particular, offer promising bioactive compounds with antidiabetic properties. This review provides an overview of natural products derived from algae in diabetes management, including advancements and future prospects. It highlights the significance of natural products in diabetes, explores algae's diversity, bioactive compounds, and mechanisms of action. The challenges, limitations, and strategies for optimizing algae-based interventions are discussed, alongside future research directions. Algae's multifaceted pharmacological activities and chemical constituents make them attractive for developing novel antidiabetic therapeutics. Further research and optimization of algae-based interventions have the potential to address the global burden of diabetes and improve patient outcomes.
... To expand these studies and investigate the effects (beneficial or toxic) of these chemical elements, it is necessary to develop analytical methodologies for the sample preparation (wet digestion, using inorganic acids, and oxidizing agents) of seaweed;, as well as bioaccessibility tests (simulating the physiological conditions of the organism during digestion, considering three areas of the digestive system: mouth, stomach, and intestine) and bioavailability (the evaluation of permeability and absorption) in the gastrointestinal tract [86]. In the literature, studies have investigated the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and carotenoids in algae [87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94], but few have evaluated essential and potentially toxic elements [95][96][97]. ...
Brazil has a megadiversity that includes marine species that are distributed along 800 km of shoreline. This biodiversity status holds promising biotechnological potential. Marine organisms are important sources of novel chemical species, with applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, and nutraceutical fields. However, ecological pressures derived from anthropogenic actions, including the bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements and microplastics, impact promising species. This review describes the current status of the biotechnological and environmental aspects of seaweeds and corals from the Brazilian coast, including publications from the last 5 years (from January 2018 to December 2022). The search was conducted in the main public databases (PubChem, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) and in the Espacenet database (European Patent Office—EPO) and the Brazilian National Property Institute (INPI). Bioprospecting studies were reported for seventy-one seaweed species and fifteen corals, but few targeted the isolation of compounds. The antioxidant potential was the most investigated biological activity. Despite being potential sources of macro- and microelements, there is a literature gap regarding the presence of potentially toxic elements and other emergent contaminants, such as microplastics, in seaweeds and corals from the Brazilian coast.
