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8: Phase portrait of the system (2.3.3) corresponding to the stable solution in Fig. 2.7, which is a stable focus.
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... species is not reasonable to happen in an ecological system. Now in the presence of predator (equal K 1 , K 2 and equal l 1 , l 2 for the prey species), but with no delay, we see that all the species decrease and after some time they reach to a stable situation (Fig. 4.27). But in the presence of delay, there are oscillations for all the species (Fig. 4.28), where it is assumed that the rate of predation for the species y (i.e. α 2 ) is greater than the rate of predation for the species x (i.e. α 1 ). Here, as predation rate of the species y is greater than the species x, so number of species x is larger than the species y. Now in presence of predator, we assume that the logistic growth ...
