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Phanerochaete borneensis (Jülich7 8-2157, holotype). A. Basidiospores. B. Basidia. C. Cystidia. D. Subicular hyphae.
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Rhizochaete is a small genus of crust fungi that is closely related to Phanerochaete. A new species Rhizochaete belizensis is described, and three new combinations are proposed. Morphological studies and molecular sequence data from two nuclear ribosomal DNA regions (ITS and LSU) support the recognition of R. belizensis which is closely related to...
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... by four species, is monophyletic in Floudas &H ibbett's( 2015, Fig. 1) multigene phylogenetic analyses of the Phanerochaete clade. In analysis of the ITS sequences of the Phlebiopsis subclade, however, Rhizochaete is paraphyletic because Hapalopilus rutilans (Pers.) Murrill is included with six Rhizochaete species (Floudas &H ibbett 2015, Fig. 3). Chikowski et al. (2016a) resolved Rhizochaete as monophyletic in the phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequence data that included six Rhizochaete species. However,w ith the LSU sequence dataset that included eight Rhizochaete species, the genus was recovered in two clades of an unresolved three-way polytomy.T he two clades included the ...
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... P. Karst., Phlebiopsis Jülich, Phaeophlebiopsis D. Floudas &H ibbett, Phlebia unica (H.S. Jacks. &D earden) Ginns, and Phanerochaete lutea (Sheng H. Wu)H jortstam. With the addition of rpb1 sequences, however, Rhizochaete (represented by three species) was resolved as ad istinct subclade within the Phlebiopsis clade (Miettinen et al.,2 016, Fig. ...
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... ITS sequence data alone, Rhizochaete was paraphyletic with H. rutilans in ac lade with R. americana (Floudas & Hibbett, 2015, Fig. 3). Other studies, however,recovered Rhizochaete as monophyletic based on ITS sequences (Greslebin et al.,2004;Chikowski et al., 2016a; this study). With the addition of rbp1(Miettinen et al.,2 016, Fig. 3) or rbp1a nd rbp2( Floudas &H ibbett 2015, Fig. 1) to the ITS and LSU sequences, Rhizochaete,r epresented by three or four species, ...
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... ITS sequence data alone, Rhizochaete was paraphyletic with H. rutilans in ac lade with R. americana (Floudas & Hibbett, 2015, Fig. 3). Other studies, however,recovered Rhizochaete as monophyletic based on ITS sequences (Greslebin et al.,2004;Chikowski et al., 2016a; this study). With the addition of rbp1(Miettinen et al.,2 016, Fig. 3) or rbp1a nd rbp2( Floudas &H ibbett 2015, Fig. 1) to the ITS and LSU sequences, Rhizochaete,r epresented by three or four species, is resolved as as trongly supported ...
Citations
... The species diversity, taxonomy, and phylogeny of the large phlebioid clade, which includes three families, namely, Phanerochaetaceae, Irpicaceae and Meruliaceae, have been intensively studied in recent years, and the number of taxa has been dramatically increased (Floudas and Hibbett, 2015;Miettinen et al., 2016;Justo et al., 2017;Nakasone et al., 2017Nakasone et al., , 2021Chen et al., 2018bChen et al., , 2020Chen et al., , 2021Chen et al., , 2022Ma and Zhao, 2019;Huang and Zhao, 2020;Gu and Zhao, 2021;Zhao et al., 2021;Li et al., 2022). To date, 60 genera of poroid, corticioid, and hydnoid fungi are recognized in the three families, which mostly cause white rot on both angiosperms and gymnosperms Nakasone et al., 2021;Lira et al., 2022). ...
... Notes-Rhizochaete nakasoneae (Figures 8A, 9) is characterized by the thin pellicular basidiomes, simple-septate generative hyphae, thick-walled subfusiform cystidia, and small, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid basidiospores. Morphologically and phylogenetically, R. belizensis Nakasone, K. Draeger & B. Ortiz is closely related to R. nakasoneae but differs by having thicker basidiomes, encrusted hyphae, and distribution in Belize (Nakasone et al., 2017). Rhizochaete fissurata C.L. Zhao, recently described from China, formed a sister lineage to R. nakasoneae and R. belizensis but differs . ...
... Morphologically and phylogenetically, R. subradicata is closely related to R. radicata, which differs by having thicker basidiomes and longer cystidia (60-100 µm, Nakasone et al., 1994). Rhizochaete radicata has been reported worldwide (Nakasone et al., 1994(Nakasone et al., , 2017, but here we show that the widely distributed species in China is R. subradicata. Also, the occurrence of R. radicata in India, Japan, and Vietnam needs further study. ...
The species diversity, taxonomy, and phylogeny of five corticioid genera of Phanerochaetaceae, namely, Hyphodermella, Roseograndinia, Phlebiopsis, Rhizochaete, and Phanerochaete, in East Asia are studied by using the morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses were performed separately for the Donkia, Phlebiopsis, Rhizochaete, and Phanerochaete clades based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nrLSU sequence data. In total, seven new species were found, two new combinations are suggested, and a new name is proposed. In the Donkia clade, Hyphodermella sensu stricto was strongly supported with two new lineages, namely H. laevigata and H. tropica, which were recovered. Hyphodermella aurantiaca and H. zixishanensis are members of Roseograndinia, while R. jilinensis is proved to be a later synonym of H. aurantiaca. In the Phlebiopsis clade, P. cana sp. nov. was found on the bamboo from tropical Asia. In the Rhizochaete clade, four new species, R. nakasoneae, R. subradicata, R. terrestris, and R. yunnanensis were recovered based mainly on molecular analyses. In the Phanerochaete clade, P. subsanguinea nom. nov. is proposed to replace Phanerochaete rhizomorpha C.L. Zhao & D.Q. Wang, which is an invalid name because it was published after Phanerochaete rhizomorpha C.C. Chen, Sheng H. Wu & S.H. He, representing another species. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the new species, and discussions are given for new taxa and names. Identification keys to Hyphodermella species worldwide and Rhizochaete species in China are given separately.
... et al., as a segregate of Phanerochaete, differing mainly by the reaction of basidiocarps and rhizomorphs (hyphal cords) with KOH: basidiocarps of Rhizochaete become red or violet in KOH, while they keep unchanged in Phanerochaete. Rhizochaete is characterized by resupinate, loosely adnate basidiocarps, with smooth to tuberculate hymenophore, usually turning red to violet in KOH, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septa or clamp connections, cylindrical to ellipsoid basidiospores, usually non-amyloid and acyanophilous (Nakasone et al., 2017;Gu and Zhao, 2021). Since Rhizochaete was erected, the number of newly named species is increasing continuously. ...
... Based on studying the parenthesome structure of some corticioid fungi, Bianchinotti et al. (2005) reported that three Rhizochaete species had perforate septal dolipore caps or parenthesomes. Nakasone et al. (2017) described a new species of Rhizochaete from Belize and transferred three additional species to the genus based on morphological and molecular data. Gu and Zhao (2021) reported two new species based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. ...
... Gu and Zhao (2021) reported two new species based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. So far, approximately 17 species have been accepted in Rhizochaete worldwide (Greslebin et al., 2004;Chikowski et al., 2016;Nakasone et al., 2017;Gu and Zhao, 2021). Recently, a family-level classification of Polyporales or phlebioid fungi has shown that the genus Rhizochaete nested within Phanerochaetaceae, grouped with Hapalopilus P. Karst., Phaeophlebiopsis Floudas & Hibbett, and Phlebiopsis Jülich (Greslebin et al., 2004;Wu et al., 2010;Ghobad-Nejhad et al., 2015;Chen et al., 2021;Zhao et al., 2021). ...
Two new corticioid fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae, Phanerochaete shenghuaii and Rhizochaete variegata, are described and illustrated from Southwest China based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. Phanerochaete shenghuaii is characterized by annual, effused, inseparable basidiocarps from substrate, ivory white to cream hymenial surface when juvenile, buff to yellowish brown with age, buff in KOH, a monomitic hyphal system, smooth cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.8–6 × 2.5–3.8 µm. Rhizochaete variegata is characterized by annual, effused, easily separable basidiocarps from substrate, buff-yellow to clay-pink fresh hymenial surface becoming cream to buff upon drying, violet in KOH, a monomitic hyphal system, encrusted cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 3–4 × 2.2–3 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences confirm the placement of the two new species, respectively, in the Phanerochaete clade and the Rhizochaete clade of Phanerochaetaceae. Phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species to these two new species are discussed.
... The family includes about 17 known genera, most of which are corticioid fungi with Phanerochaete, Phlebiopsis and Rhizochaete. as the three largest genera in the family (Floudas and Hibbett 2015;Miettinen et al. 2016;Nakasone et al. 2017). Although several new genera were described recently by different mycologists (Miettinen et al. 2016;Yuan et al. 2017;Chen et al. 2018;Ma and Zhao 2019), the phylogeny of the family still needs further study. ...
This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercofocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efbula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufa longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fci, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa favovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidisvitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium difractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufa chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
... Phanerochaete rubescens Sheng H.Wu, Mycological Research 102:1131. Descriptions: See Wu (1998 andNakasone et al. (2017).Specimens examined: TAIWAN. Nantou County, Jenai Township, Aowanda National Forest Recreation Area, 23°57ʹ N, 121°11ʹ E, 1200 m, on rotten trunk, 3 Oct 2016, C.C. Chen & C.L. Wei, WEI 16-426 (TNM F31080); Tungpu, 1500 m, on rotten angiosperm wood, 22 Aug 1992, S.H. Wu, Wu 9208-25 (holotype of P. rubescens, TNM F7665); Yushan National Park, between Kuankao & Tuikuan, 2200 m, on dead part of stem of small living angiosperm tree, 29 Jul 1988, S.H. Wu, Wu 880729-21 (paratype of P. rubescens, TNM F7664). ...
The phlebioid clade (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) accommodates numerous species of corticioid and polyporoid fungi of the Phanerochaetaceae, Irpicaceae, and Meruliaceae. The present study used morphological and phylogenetic approaches to revise the generic classification of the phlebioid clade and survey species diversity. The phylogenetic analyses were performed using sequences of multiple genes, including the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), the D1-D2 domains of 28S rDNA (28S), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb1), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1). We overall recognize 57 genera including six new ones (Alboefibula, Cremeoderma, Gelatinofungus, Luteochaete, Phanerochaetella and Quasiphlebia). We describe 26 new species belonging to 15 genera (Alboefibula bambusicola, A. gracilis, Crustodontia taiwanensis, Cytidiella albomarginata, Efibula matsuensis, E. turgida, E. subglobispora, Gelatinofungus brunneus, Hydnophlebia aurantia, H. crocata, Irpex lenis, Mycoaciella efibulata, Phanerochaete alpina, P. crystallina, P. guangdongensis, P. rhizomorpha, P. spadicea, P. subcarnosa, Phanerochaetella formosana, Phlebiopsis odontoidea, P. yushaniae, Quasiphlebia densa, Rhizochaete chinensis, Roseograndinia jilinensis, R. minispora, and Scopuloides allantoidea), and present 18 new combinations belonging to 12 genera (Cremeoderma unicum, Crustodontia nigrodontea, C. tongxiniana, Cytidiella albida, Efibula intertexta, Hydnophlebia alachuana, Irpex laceratus, I. latemarginatus, I. rosettiformis, Luteochaete subglobosa, Luteoporia lutea, Phanerochaetella angustocystidiata, P. exilis, P. leptoderma, P. xerophila, Phlebiopsis alba, Rhizochaete lutea, Scopuloides dimorpha). Descriptions, illustrations and notes of new species and some new records are provided, as well as identification keys to genera of each family.
... is a small, distinctive genus of wood-decaying fungi that produces hyphal cords and has a world-wide distribution. It was typified by R. brunnea Gresl., Nakasone & Rajchenb., and the genus is characterized by resupinate to effused, loosely adnate basidiomata of pellicular to membranous, fragile con-sistency, with smooth to tuberculate hymenophore covering a yellow, orange, brown, olivaceous, or violaceous hymenial surface, usually turning red to violet in KOH solution; fimbriate to fibrillose margin, often with hyphal cords; monomitic hyphal system with simple septae or clamp connections on generative hyphae; usually present cystidia; clavate to subcylindrical basidia, 4-sterigmate; cylindrical to ellipsoid basidiospores, which are thin to slightly thick-walled, smooth, acyanophilous, not reacting to Melzer's reagent; occurring on wood and bark of angiosperms and gymnosperms, associated with a white rot-decay [8]. Currently, about 14 species have been accepted in Rhizochaete worldwide [8][9][10]. ...
... It was typified by R. brunnea Gresl., Nakasone & Rajchenb., and the genus is characterized by resupinate to effused, loosely adnate basidiomata of pellicular to membranous, fragile con-sistency, with smooth to tuberculate hymenophore covering a yellow, orange, brown, olivaceous, or violaceous hymenial surface, usually turning red to violet in KOH solution; fimbriate to fibrillose margin, often with hyphal cords; monomitic hyphal system with simple septae or clamp connections on generative hyphae; usually present cystidia; clavate to subcylindrical basidia, 4-sterigmate; cylindrical to ellipsoid basidiospores, which are thin to slightly thick-walled, smooth, acyanophilous, not reacting to Melzer's reagent; occurring on wood and bark of angiosperms and gymnosperms, associated with a white rot-decay [8]. Currently, about 14 species have been accepted in Rhizochaete worldwide [8][9][10]. Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org; ...
... Byssomerulius corium (Pers.) Parmasto was selected as an outgroup for the phylogenetic analysis of ITS+nLSU (Figure 1), referred to following [8], and Phaeophlebiopsis caribbeana Floudas & Hibbett was selected as an outgroup taxon in ITS phylogenetic analysis following a previous study [11]. Maximum parsimony analysis was applied to the combined ITS+nLSU and ITS datasets. ...
Wood-decaying fungi play crucial roles as decomposers in forest ecosystems. In this study, two new corticioid fungi, Rhizochaete fissurata and R. grandinosa spp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Rhizochaete fissurata is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with a cracking hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa generative hyphae, presence of subfusiform to conical cystidia encrusted at the apex or coarse on the upper half, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Rhizochaete grandinosa differs in its resupinate basidiomata with a smooth hymenial surface, presence of two types of cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were employed, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods on two datasets (ITS+nLSU and ITS). Both dataset analyses showed that two new species clustered into the genus Rhizochaete, in which, based on the ITS+nLSU dataset, R. fissurata was sister to R. belizensis, and R. grandinosa grouped with R. radicata; the phylogram inferred from ITS sequences inside Rhizochaete indicated that R. fissurata formed a monophyletic lineage with a lower support; R. grandinosa grouped closely with R. radicata. In addition, an identification key to all Rhizochaete species worldwide is provided.
... However, it was estimated that up to about 70% of the fungi in Malaysia have yet to be discovered (Su See & Watling, 2005). Among them is Basidiomycota, which are a subkingdom of fungi including jelly and shelf fungi; mushrooms, stinkhorns and puffballs (Eyssartier et al., 2009;Kerfahi et al., 2014;Nakasone et al., 2017;Sato et al., 2015;Tan et al., 2007). Ascomycota is another subkingdom of fungi that is characterised by a saclike structure such as Ascus, which compresses four to eight ascopores in the sexual stage (Haelewaters et al., 2014;Sato et al., 2015). ...
... Macrofungi including Basidiomycota and Ascomycota are also known as macromycetes or larger fungi, which possess large (macroscopic) sporocarps or fruiting bodies and visible to the naked eye (Nakasone et al., 2017;Su See & Watling, 2005). Therefore, the distinct diversity of these phylum may attributed by the fungal size. ...
... Each Basidiomycota and Ascomycota species were identified using keys including macrofungi form or shape, size, the area or habitat of growing, and area or habitat characteristics. The samples were also compared with Sarawak Herbarium, Sarawak Forestry (Demies et al., 2008;Lateef et al., 2016;Mohamad Arif, 2012;Nakasone et al., 2017;Sarawak Government Gazette, 1998;SF, 2003;Soepadmo et al., 1995;Teo et al., 2013;Vincent, 2002). ...
To facilitate the learning objectives of ecology, biodiversity and environment course, in situ activities remain the finest key to complement by conducting real fieldwork and hands on study. The specific objectives of the study are to promote sustainable learning, adopting effective practice in academic and scientific documentation, and implementing holistic and blended learning approach in the course by introducing a comprehensive learning experience in biodiversity-related discipline. Therefore, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota study based on diversity, host association and community structure in Gunung Gading National Park was chosen and resulted with the following attributes, where, four different species of macrofungi were identified and classified including Ganoderma, Coprinellus and Cookeina. Information on Basidiomycota and Ascomycota diversity species present in the parks is useful for educational and research purposes such as in Malaysian fungal diversity, climate change marker and Malaysian fungal monograph, developing a conservation education and attitude towards scientific reporting and also helps in promoting ecotourism.
... However, it was estimated that up to about 70% of the fungi in Malaysia have yet to be discovered (Su See & Watling, 2005). Among them is Basidiomycota, which are a subkingdom of fungi including jelly and shelf fungi; mushrooms, stinkhorns and puffballs (Eyssartier et al., 2009;Kerfahi et al., 2014;Nakasone et al., 2017;Sato et al., 2015;Tan et al., 2007). Ascomycota is another subkingdom of fungi that is characterised by a saclike structure such as Ascus, which compresses four to eight ascopores in the sexual stage (Haelewaters et al., 2014;Sato et al., 2015). ...
... Macrofungi including Basidiomycota and Ascomycota are also known as macromycetes or larger fungi, which possess large (macroscopic) sporocarps or fruiting bodies and visible to the naked eye (Nakasone et al., 2017;Su See & Watling, 2005). Therefore, the distinct diversity of these phylum may attributed by the fungal size. ...
... Each Basidiomycota and Ascomycota species were identified using keys including macrofungi form or shape, size, the area or habitat of growing, and area or habitat characteristics. The samples were also compared with Sarawak Herbarium, Sarawak Forestry (Demies et al., 2008;Lateef et al., 2016;Mohamad Arif, 2012;Nakasone et al., 2017;Sarawak Government Gazette, 1998;SF, 2003;Soepadmo et al., 1995;Teo et al., 2013;Vincent, 2002). ...
To facilitate the learning objectives of ecology, biodiversity and environment course, in situ activities remain the finest key to complement by conducting real fieldwork and hands on study. The specific objectives of the study are to promote sustainable learning, adopting effective practice in academic and scientific documentation, and implementing holistic and blended learning approach in the course by introducing a comprehensive learning experience in biodiversity-related discipline. Therefore, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota study based on diversity, host association and community structure in Gunung Gading National Park was chosen and resulted with the following attributes, where, four different species of macrofungi were identified and classified including Ganoderma, Coprinellus and Cookeina. Information on Basidiomycota and Ascomycota diversity species present in the parks is useful for educational and research purposes such as in Malaysian fungal diversity, climate change marker and Malaysian fungal monograph, developing a conservation education and attitude towards scientific reporting and also helps in promoting ecotourism. Abstrak Untuk membantu mencapai objektif pembelajaran berkaitan kursus ekologi, biodiversiti dan alam sekitar, aktiviti di luar kelas adalah elemen terbaik bagi melengkapkan matlamat ini dengan cara pengendalian kerja lapangan secara lansung. Objektif khusus kajian ini adalah untuk mempromosikan pembelajaran secara mampan, mempraktikkan kaedah yang berkesan dalam membuat dokumentasi akademik dan saintifik, dan juga mengaplikasikan pendekatan pembelajaran secara menyeluruh dalam kursus secara memperkenalkan pengalaman pembelajaran berkaitan bidang biodiversiti secara bersepadu. Oleh itu, kajian Basidiomycota dan Ascomycota berdasarkan kepelbagaian, perhubungan dengan perumah dan struktur habitat di Taman Negara Gunung Gading telah dipilih dan menghasilkan beberapa dapatan berikut iaitu empat jenis spesis kulat telah dikenal pasti dan dikelaskan termasuk Ganoderma, Coprinellus dan Cookeina. Maklumat mengenai kepelbagaian spesis Basidiomycota dan Ascomycota yang terdapat di taman negara ini amat bermanfaat untuk tujuan pendidikan dan penyelidikan seperti kepelbagaian kulat di Malaysia, penanda-biologi perubahan iklim dan monograf kulat Malaysia, termasuk juga pembangunan pendidikan pemuliharaan, kaedah penulisan saintifik dan membantu dalam mempromosikan ekopelancongan.
Four new wood-inhabiting fungi were found in Southwestern China within the genera Phanerochaete, Phlebiopsis, Asterostroma, and Vararia of the families Phanerochaetaceae and Peniophoraceae, belonging to the orders Polyporales and Russulales individually. Combined with their morphological characteristics and molecular biological evidence, the present study describes them as new fungal taxa. Asterostroma yunnanense is characterized by the resupinate, membranaceous to pellicular basidiomata with a cream to salmon-buff hymenial surface, hyphal system dimitic bearing simple-septa, thin- to thick-walled, yellowish brown asterosetae with acute tips, and thin-walled, echinulate, amyloid, globose basidiospores. Phanerochaete tongbiguanensis is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with a white to cream hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa generative hyphae, the presence of subclavate cystidia covered with a lot of crystals, and oblong ellipsoid basidiospores (6–9 × 3–4.5 µm). Phlebiopsis fissurata is characterized by the membranaceous, tuberculate basidiomata with a buff to slightly brown hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa, conical cystidia, and broadly ellipsoid. Vararia yingjiangensis is characterized by a corky basidiomata with a pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff hymenial surface, cracking, yellowish dichohyphae with slightly curved tips, subulate gloeocystidia, and thick-walled, ellipsoid basidiospores (6.5–11.5 × 5–7 µm). The phylogenetic analyses of ITS + nLSU revealed that the two new species were nested into the genera Phanerochaete and Phlebiopsis within the family Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales), in which Phanerochaete tongbiguanensis was sister to P. daliensis; Phlebiopsis fissurata was grouped with P. lamprocystidiata. Two new species were clustered into the genera Asterostroma and Vararia within the family Peniophoraceae (Russulales), in which Asterostroma yunnanense was sister to A. cervicolor; Vararia yingjiangensis formed a single branch.
Phanerochaete is an important genus of wood-inhabiting fungi that can decompose rotten wood in forest ecosystems. In this study, we describe three new species of Phanerochaete viz. P. daliensis, P. subtropica, and P. subtuberculata from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China. A combination of morphological features and phylogenetic analyses were used to describe these species. Firstly, P. daliensis possesses a cracking basidioma, grandinioid hymenophore with white hymenial surface, monomitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae, and ellipsoid to elongate to cylindrical basidiospores. In comparison, P. subtropica possesses a smooth basidioma with rhizomorphic sterile margins, monomitic hyphal system with subhymenial hyphae densely covered by crystals, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Finally, P. subtuberculata is characterized by a tuberculate basidioma with slightly olivaceous to pale brown hymenial surface, monomitic hyphal system, clavate cystidia with a tapering apex, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of the ITS and LSU rDNA markers of 12 genera related to the genus Phanerochaete within the family Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales) were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three new species belong to the genus Phanerochaete. Further, the phylogram inferred from the ITS dataset revealed that P. subtuberculata is a sister group to P. crystallina and that P. subtropica grouped with P. daliensis.
An in-depth study of the phylogeny and taxonomy of the corticioid genus Phlebiopsis (Phanerochaetaceae) was conducted. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nrLSU sequences demonstrated that Phlebiopsis is a strongly supported clade which is distinct from its sister clades of Phaeophlebiopsis , Hapalopilus , and Rhizochaete . Two genera, Australohydnum and Hjortstamia , are reduced to synonyms under Phlebiopsis as generic type species A. griseofuscescens and H. friesii , respectively, are embedded in the Phlebiopsis clade. Twenty-four lineages are resolved in the ITS phylogenetic tree of Phlebiopsis , including six new taxa, viz. P. albescens , P. brunnea , P. cylindrospora , P. magnicystidiata , P. membranacea and P. sinensis , from Sri Lanka and China. Five new combinations, viz. Phaeophlebiopsis mussooriensis , Phlebiopsis bambusicola , P. dregeana , P. griseofuscescens and P. novae-granatae , are proposed. Phlebiopsis crassa is a morphological species complex with three distinct lineages. Phlebiopsis lamprocystidiata is determined to be a later synonym of P. darjeelingensis . The new taxa are described, illustrated, and compared and contrasted to morphologically similar species. An emended description of Phlebiopsis is provided along with an identification key to 27 accepted species.
