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Phaeosphaeriopsis triseptata (holotype). a–b. Appearance of ascomata on the host surface. c. Section of an ascoma. d. Section of papilla. e. Section of Peridium. f. Pseudoparaphyses. g–j. Bitunicate asci. k–n. Released ascospores. Note the verrucose ornamentation in m. Scale bars: c = 25 µm, d–e = 20 µm, f = 10 µm, g–j = 20 µm, k–n = 5 µm.
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A collection of the type species of Phaeosphaeriopsis, P. glaucopunctata, and a new species associated with leaf spots of Ruscus aculeatus were collected in Italy. Single ascospore isolates of both species were obtained and formed asexual morphs in culture. Combined ITS, LSU, SSU and RPB2 gene sequence analysis from taxa in Phaeosphaeriaceae showed...
Citations
... Phaeosphaeriopsis sp. was first described as a new genus of fungi in 2003 [5], being obtained from marine and plant resources [6,7]. This genus of fungi has mainly been investigated for its plantprotective effects [8,9] and microbial taxonomy [5,10,11]. However, their metabolites are rarely studied, and up to now there has only been one paper about the metabolites of Phaeosphaeriopsis sp. ...
Five new isocoumarins, phaeosphaerins A–E (1–5), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine fungus Phaeosphaeriopsis sp. WP-26, along with one known isocoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methylisocoumarin (6), and two known pimarane-type diterpenes, diaportheins A (7) and B (8). Their structures were elucidated via NMR experiments, X-ray diffraction analysis, and comparison of the experimental and computed ECD curves. Compounds 1–7 displayed weak neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, compound 8 showed cytotoxicity against BEL-7402, SGC-7901, K562, A549, and HL-60 cell lines.
... Some of the species in this family have an ability to produce secondary metabolites that are capable of antimicrobial activities (Mapook et al. 2020). Notes: Phaeosphaeriopsis is a widely distributed group of phaeosphaeriacous fungi where species are defined primarily based on immersed, subepidermal, globose to subglobose to pyriform ascomata, cylindric asci and vertically septate, punctate or verrucose ascospores with coniothyrium-like or phaeostagonospora-like asexual morphs (Câmara et al. 2003;Thambugala et al. 2014b). Currently, 17 species are accepted in this genus in Species Fungorum (2021). ...
... Currently, 17 species are accepted in this genus in Species Fungorum (2021). However, Thambugala et al. (2014b) synonymized Phaeosphaeriopsis musae under Phaeosphaeria musae and the accepted number of species in Phaeosphaeriopsis should therefore be 16 species. All Phaeosphaeriopsis species have available DNA sequence data for molecular comparisons, and the genus is monophyletic. ...
This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercofocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efbula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufa longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fci, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa favovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidisvitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium difractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufa chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
... Hyde et al. (2011) reported 17 asexual genera and Zhang et al. (2012) accepted 17 asexual genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae. Sexual and asexual morph connections among members of the Phaeosphaeriaceae were revealed mostly by Quaedvlieg et al. (2013), Thambugala et al. (2014), and Karunarathna et al. (2017). Wijayawardene et al. (2016) studied 225 genera of coelomycetes, with 13 in the Phaeosphaeriaceae (Amarenographium, Ampelomyces, Melnikia, Neosetophoma, Neosulcatispora, Phaeosphaeria, Phaeosphaeriopsis, Phaeostagonospora, Pleoseptum, Scolico sporium, Septoriella, Tiarospora, Wojnowiciella). ...
Megacoelomyces (type species: Megacoelomyces sanchezii), an ascomycete asexual morph infecting Myrcia fenzliana (Myrtaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, is described as a new genus in the Phaeosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota), based on multilocus phylogeny (three nuclear ribosomal DNA and two protein-coding genes) in addition to morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and ecological data.
... Ramaley. The genus is typified by P. glaucopunctata and characterized by having immersed, sub-epidermal, globose to subglobose to pyriform ascomata, cylindric asci and septate, punctate or verrucose ascospores (Câmara et al. 2003;Phookamsak et al. 2014;Thambugala et al. 2014;Tibpromma et al. 2017). Currently, 17 Phaeosphaeriopsis species are accepted in Index Fungorum (2020). ...
... Taiwan Notes. Phaeosphaeriopsis beaucarneae is similar to other Phaeosphaeriopsis species in having scattered, semi-immersed to erumpent, globose to subglobose, ostiolate ascomata and cylindrical to clavate asci and light brown, verrucose ascospores Thambugala et al. 2014;Hyde et al. 2020). According to the present multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Figure 1), Phaeosphaeriopsis beaucarneae is grouped with other Phaeosphaeriopsis species, in particularly closely to P. grevilleae (CBS 145369) with high statistical support (70% ML, 75% MP, 0.99 BYPP, Figure 1). ...
A novel ascomycetous genus, Elongaticollum , occurring on leaf litter of Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae) in Taiwan, is described and illustrated. Elongaticollum is characterized by dark brown to black, superficial, obpyriform, pycnidial conidiomata with a distinct elongate neck, and oval to oblong, hyaline, aseptate conidia. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian) of combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 -α sequence data revealed Elongaticollum as a distinct genus within the family Phaeosphaeriaceae with high statistical support. In addition, Ophiosphaerella taiwanensis and Phaeosphaeriopsis beaucarneae are described as new species from dead leaves of Agave tequilana and Beaucarnea recurvata (Asparagaceae), respectively. Neosetophoma poaceicola is reported as a new host record from dead leaves of Musa acuminata (Musaceae). Newly described taxa are compared with other similar species and comprehensive descriptions and micrographs are provided.
... Species of Phaeosphaeriopsis are characterized by their immersed, subepidermal, globose to subglobose to pyriform ascomata, uni-or multi-loculate stromata and 4-5-septate, brown to dark brown ascospores and with coniothyrium-like or Phaeostagonospora asexual morph (Câmara et al. 2003, Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, Thambugala et al. 2014, Marin-Felix et al. 2019. A large number of species in Phaeosphaeriopsis are pathogenic or saprobic on the members of Alliaceae, Agavaceae, Aloaceae, Asparagaceae, Dracaenaceae, Proteaceae, Phormiaceae and Ruscaceae (Phukhamsakda et al. 2015, Marin-Felix et al. 2019. ...
... Based on the phylogeny of LSU, ITS and TEF, Phaeosphaeriopsis omaniana is phylogenetically related to the type species of the genus, P. glaucopunctata and P. nolinae isolated from dead leaves of Nolina erumpens (Texas, USA). Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata was originally isolated from dead leaves of Ruscus aculeatus (Scotland, UK) and the epitype was designated by Thambugala et al. (2014) for the isolates reported on leaves of Ruscus aculeatus in Forlì-Cesena Province, Italy. Phaeosphaeriopsis omaniana differs from P. glaucopunctata and P. nolinae in having subglobose, smooth and brown conidia. ...
... Phaeosphaeriopsis omaniana differs from P. glaucopunctata and P. nolinae in having subglobose, smooth and brown conidia. Whereas the conidia of P. glaucopunctata are cylindrical to oblong, smooth to finely verruculose, and yellowish-brown and conidia of P. nolinae are ellipsoid to cylindrical and 3-septate (Ramaley 1997, Thambugala et al. 2014. Furthermore, based on the mode of life (associated with leaf spot) and geographically (Oman), P. omaniana is clearly distinct from P. glaucopunctata and P. nolinae, which were isolated from UK and USA as saprobes. ...
A fungus within the genus Phaeosphaeriaceae was isolated from brown leaf spot samples of Dracaena serrulata Baker (Yemen dragon tree) collected from Oman Botanic Garden, Muscat, Oman. Detailed morphological studies showed that this strain fits well within the species concept of the genus Phaeosphaeriopsis. Multilocus phylogeny based on LSU, ITS and TEF confirmed its uniqueness and supports its recognition as a new species, Phaeosphaeriopsis omaniana. Geography, pathogenic life mode and subglobose, smooth and brown conidia of the newly described species clearly differ from those of phylogenetically related species. A comprehensive description and illustrations of the new species, P. omaniana is provided and discussed with comparable taxa.
... The genus is typified by P. glaucopunctata (Grev.) M.P.S. Câmara et al. and is characterised by scattered to clustered, gregarious, immersed to erumpent, globose to subglobose, ostiolate, with papillate or apapillate ascomata, brown to dark brown, thin-walled peridium, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical to cylindric-clavate asci, with broad cellular pseudoparaphyses and pigmented, oblong to cylindrical, septate, smooth-to rough-walled, with punctate or verrucose ascospores Thambugala et al. 2014). Asexual morph of Phaeosphaeriopsis has been reported as coelomycetous coniothyrium-like or Phaeostagonospora (Câmara et al. 2003;Phookamsak et al. 2014; Thambugala et al. 2014). ...
... M.P.S. Câmara et al. and is characterised by scattered to clustered, gregarious, immersed to erumpent, globose to subglobose, ostiolate, with papillate or apapillate ascomata, brown to dark brown, thin-walled peridium, fissitunicate, broadly cylindrical to cylindric-clavate asci, with broad cellular pseudoparaphyses and pigmented, oblong to cylindrical, septate, smooth-to rough-walled, with punctate or verrucose ascospores Thambugala et al. 2014). Asexual morph of Phaeosphaeriopsis has been reported as coelomycetous coniothyrium-like or Phaeostagonospora (Câmara et al. 2003;Phookamsak et al. 2014; Thambugala et al. 2014). The sexual-asexual morph connection of Phaeosphaeriopsis has been reported by Câmara et al. (2003), Phookamsak et al. (2014) and Thambugala et al. (2014). ...
... Asexual morph of Phaeosphaeriopsis has been reported as coelomycetous coniothyrium-like or Phaeostagonospora (Câmara et al. 2003;Phookamsak et al. 2014; Thambugala et al. 2014). The sexual-asexual morph connection of Phaeosphaeriopsis has been reported by Câmara et al. (2003), Phookamsak et al. (2014) and Thambugala et al. (2014). Since 2014, many Phaeosphaeriopsis species were introduced by Crous et al. (2016a, b), Tibpromma et al. (2017) and Marin-Felix et al. (2019a). ...
Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa, as well as providing new information of fungal taxa worldwide. This article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series, in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla, six classes, 24 orders and 55 families are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China, India and Thailand, as well as in some other European, North American and South American countries. Taxa described in the present study include two new families, 12 new genera, 82 new species, five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual reports. The two new families are Eriomycetaceae (Dothideomycetes, family incertae sedis) and Fasciatisporaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes). The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Camporesiomyces (Tubeufiaceae), Eriocamporesia (Cryphonectriaceae), Eriomyces (Eriomycetaceae), Neomonodictys (Pleurotheciaceae), Paraloratospora (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Paramonodictys (Parabambusicolaceae), Pseudoconlarium (Diaporthomycetidae, genus incertae sedis), Pseudomurilentithecium (Lentitheciaceae), Setoapiospora (Muyocopronaceae), Srinivasanomyces (Vibrisseaceae) and Xenoanthostomella (Xylariales, genera incertae sedis). The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense, Adustochaete nivea, Angustimassarina camporesii, Bhagirathimyces himalayensis, Brunneoclavispora camporesii, Camarosporidiella camporesii, Camporesiomyces mali, Camposporium appendiculatum, Camposporium multiseptatum, Camposporium septatum, Canalisporium aquaticium, Clonostachys eriocamporesiana, Clonostachys eriocamporesii, Colletotrichum hederiicola, Coniochaeta vineae, Conioscypha verrucosa, Cortinarius ainsworthii, Cortinarius aurae, Cortinarius britannicus, Cortinarius heatherae, Cortinarius scoticus, Cortinarius subsaniosus, Cytospora fusispora, Cytospora rosigena, Diaporthe camporesii, Diaporthe nigra, Diatrypella yunnanensis, Dictyosporium muriformis, Didymella camporesii, Diutina bernali, Diutina sipiczkii, Eriocamporesia aurantia, Eriomyces heveae, Ernakulamia tanakae, Falciformispora uttaraditensis, Fasciatispora cocoes, Foliophoma camporesii, Fuscostagonospora camporesii, Helvella subtinta, Kalmusia erioi, Keissleriella camporesiana, Keissleriella camporesii, Lanspora cylindrospora, Loratospora arezzoensis, Mariannaea atlantica, Melanographium phoenicis, Montagnula camporesii, Neodidymelliopsis camporesii, Neokalmusia kunmingensis, Neoleptosporella camporesiana, Neomonodictys muriformis, Neomyrmecridium guizhouense, Neosetophoma camporesii, Paraloratospora camporesii, Paramonodictys solitarius, Periconia palmicola, Plenodomus triseptatus, Pseudocamarosporium camporesii, Pseudocercospora maetaengensis, Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense, Pseudoconlarium punctiforme, Pseudodactylaria camporesiana, Pseudomurilentithecium camporesii, Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis, Pseudotruncatella camporesii, Rhexocercosporidium senecionis, Rhytidhysteron camporesii, Rhytidhysteron erioi, Septoriella camporesii, Setoapiospora thailandica, Srinivasanomyces kangrensis, Tetraploa dwibahubeeja, Tetraploa pseudoaristata, Tetraploa thrayabahubeeja, Torula camporesii, Tremateia camporesii, Tremateia lamiacearum, Uzbekistanica pruni, Verruconis mangrovei, Wilcoxina verruculosa, Xenoanthostomella chromolaenae and Xenodidymella camporesii. The five new combinations are Camporesiomyces patagoniensis, Camporesiomyces vaccinia, Camposporium lycopodiellae, Paraloratospora gahniae and Rhexocercosporidium microsporum. The 22 new records on host and geographical distribution comprise Arthrinium marii, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Ascochyta pisi, Astrocystis bambusicola, Camposporium pellucidum, Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Didymella macrostoma, Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, Heterosphaeria patella, Hysterobrevium constrictum, Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi, Neovaginatispora fuckelii, Nothophoma quercina, Occultibambusa bambusae, Phaeosphaeria chinensis, Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, Pyxine berteriana, Tetraploa sasicola, Torula gaodangensis and Wojnowiciella dactylidis. In addition, the sexual morphs of Dissoconium eucalypti and Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum are reported from Laurus nobilis and Yucca gloriosa in Italy, respectively. The holomorph of Diaporthe cynaroidis is also reported for the first time.
... Notes:-As both morphological and molecular characters examined largely overlap with those of Phaeosphaeria musae (MFLUCC 11-0133 and MFLUCC 11-0151), we therefore report our collection (MFLU18-0096) as a new host record of P. musae from dead leaves of Roystonea regia (Arecaceae) in Taiwan. Most P. musae isolates have been collected from leaves and share common morphological characters, such as 8-spored, cylindrical to fusiform asci and 3-septate, brown, fusiform ascospores, with obtuse ends ( Thambugala et al. 2014). According to combined multi-gene (LSU, SSU, ITS and tef1-α) phylogenetic analyses of this study, our collection is nested with Phaeosphaeria musae species (MFLUCC 11-0133, MFLUCC 11-0151). ...
Phaeosphaeria ampeli is a new species collected from dead leaves of Ficus ampelas in Fanlu Township area, Dahu forest, Chiayi, Taiwan. Phaeosphaeria musae is a new record from dead leaves of Roystonea regia. Both species are described, illustrated and compared with similar species. Phaeosphaeria ampeli is distinguished from other Phaeosphaeria species based on distinct size differences of the ascomata, asci, ascospores and analyses of DNA sequence data. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1-α sequence data are used to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of the species.
... References: Câmara et al. 2003, Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, Thambugala et al. 2014. Crous & Y. Marín, sp. ...
p>This paper represents the third contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions, information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera, as well as primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species included in these. This third paper in the GOPHY series treats 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: Allophoma, Alternaria, Brunneosphaerella, Elsinoe, Exserohilum, Neosetophoma, Neostagonospora, Nothophoma, Parastagonospora, Phaeosphaeriopsis, Pleiocarpon, Pyrenophora, Ramichloridium, Seifertia, Seiridium, Septoriella, Setophoma, Stagonosporopsis, Stemphylium, Tubakia and Zasmidium. This study includes three new genera, 42 new species, 23 new combinations, four new names, and three typifications of older names.</p
... The combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef-1 sequence data set comprised 69 strains of Phaeosphaeriaceae with Didymella exigua as the outgroup taxon. All individual trees generated under different criteria and from single gene datasets were essentially similar in topology and not significantly different from the tree generated from the concat- The phylogenetic trees obtained from maximum likelihood were topologically congruent to previous studies on Phaeosphaeriaceae (Phookamsak et al. 2014;Thambugala et al. 2014;Tennakoon et al. 2016;Karunarathna et al. 2017;Wanasinghe et al. 2018). This phylogenetic analysis showed the placement of 45 genera within Phaeosphaeriaceae. ...
... The combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef-1 sequence data set comprised 69 strains of Phaeosphaeriaceae with Didymella exigua as the outgroup taxon. All individual trees generated under different criteria and from single gene datasets were essentially similar in topology and not significantly different from the tree generated from the concat- The phylogenetic trees obtained from maximum likelihood were topologically congruent to previous studies on Phaeosphaeriaceae (Phookamsak et al. 2014;Thambugala et al. 2014;Tennakoon et al. 2016;Karunarathna et al. 2017;Wanasinghe et al. 2018). This phylogenetic analysis showed the placement of 45 genera within Phaeosphaeriaceae. ...
... In this study, a combined gene sequence analysis of taxa amongst the Phaeosphaeriaceae provides substantial evidence to support Sulcispora as a distinct genus in Phaeosphaeriaceae. Sulcispora differs from other genera in having immersed ascomata with a relatively thin wall, cellular pseudoparaphyses, short pedicellate asci and brown ascospores (Phookamsak et al. 2014). Leuchtmann (1984) reported variation of ascospore septation amongst several collections of Phaeosphaeria pleurospora from different host plants. ...
Sulcispora is typified by S.pleurospora . We collected a sulcispora-like taxon on leaves of Anthoxanthumodoratum L. in Italy and obtained single ascospore isolates. Combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 sequence analyses suggested that Sulcispora is placed in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae and a newly collected Sulcispora species is introduced here as S.supratumida sp. nov. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided for Sulcisporasupratumida and it is compared with the type species, S.pleurospora .
... However, they can be distinguished by their asexual morphs and combined gene DNA sequence analyses . Although, many genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae formed well-resolved clades in combined gene DNA sequence analyses (mostly based on a LSU, SSU and ITS gene dataset), such as Juncaceicola, Leptospora, Nodulosphaeria, Ophiosphaerella, Parastagonospora, Phaeosphaeriopsis and Setophoma (de Gruyter et al. 2010;Quaedvlieg et al. 2013;Phookamsak et al. 2014a, b;Thambugala et al. 2014Thambugala et al. , 2017Mapook et al. 2016;Tennakoon et al. 2016;Hyde et al. 2016), the taxonomic relationships for some genera, such as Allophaeosphaeria, Entodesmium, Ophiobolus, Poaceicola, Septoriella and Vagicola, are still unresolved (Ariyawansa et al. 2014a;Phookamsak et al. 2014b;Li et al. 2015;Liu et al. 2015;Thambugala et al. 2017). Therefore, further study using multigene analysis is needed to clarify intergeneric relationships among these genera. ...
Ophiobolus is a large genus of Phaeosphaeriaceae comprising more than 350 possible species, most of which are saprobes on herbaceous plants in Europe and North America. Ophiobolus species are polyphyletic and the type of Ophiobolus is not represented in GenBank. Therefore, an increased taxon sampling of ophiobolus-like taxa and epitypification of the type species, O. disseminans is reported. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, TEF1-α and ITS sequence data position O. disseminans in a sister clade with O. ponticus and several Entodesmium species in Phaeosphaeriaceae with high support. Therefore, Entodesmium is synonymized under Ophiobolus. Premilcurensis with it type species, P. senecionis also clusters within the Ophiobolus clade and is synonymized under Ophiobolus. Ophiobolus rossicus sp. nov. is introduced and a reference specimen is designated for O. ponticus. Other ophiobolus-like taxa (Ophiobolus sensu lato) can be distinguished as three main groups, which are introduced as new genera. Ophiobolopsis is introduced to accommodate the new species, Ophiobolopsis italica. The new genus Paraophiobolus is introduced to accommodate P. arundinis sp. nov. and P. plantaginis comb. nov. This genus is characterized by hyaline to pale yellowish ascospores, some green-yellowish at maturity, with a swollen cell, terminal appendages and ascospores not separating into part spores. Pseudoophiobolus gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate six new species and two new combinations, viz. Ps. achilleae, Ps. erythrosporus, Ps. galii, Ps. italicus, Ps. mathieui, Ps. rosae, Ps. subhyalinisporus and Ps. urticicola. Pseudoophiobolus is characterized by subhyaline to pale yellowish or yellowish ascospores, with a swollen cell, lack of terminal appendages and ascospores that do not separate into part spores and is related to Nodulosphaeria. An updated tree for Phaeosphaeriaceae based on multigene analysis is also provided.
