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Phaeocollybia pleurocystidiata (Holotype and paratype: LLN 1940330-01,02 – WTU). a. Cheilocystidia. b. Pleurocystidia. c. Basidia and basidiospores from holotype. d. Habit. e. Tibiiform diverticula on pseudorhizal pellis. Bars: a-c = 10 µm, d = 5 cm.
Source publication
Examination of herbarium specimens and newly collected basidiomes combined with molecular analyses of representatives of several different taxa has uncovered the existence of a new Phaeocollybia species from Washington, Oregon, and California. Phaeocollybia pleurocystidiata represents the first species described from the United States and Canada kn...
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Citations
... As noted in the Mushroom editorial note, I did switch my PhD research from Inocybe to Phaeocollybia. Redhead & Norvell (1993) showed that the species named for the valley represented an already named species, P. oregonensis A.H. Sm. (Norvell & Redhead 2000), whereas the molecularly blessed new species proved to be P. redheadii Norvell, the big-spored 'kauff manii' and fi rst Phaeocollybia collected in western Canada, named in honor of its discoverer (Norvell 1998(Norvell , 2000. This Phaeocollybia piceae was the fi rst collection to show a new fruit-body arising from the pseudorhiza of an older specimen. ...
Mushroom, The Journal of Wild Mushrooming (Spring 1992 10(2): 9–12) first published “A Canadian Odyssey’ reporting on the 1991 discovery of Phaeocollybia in the ancient spruce forests of the Upper Carmanah Valley on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Here the author updates the original with full color and adds information on the taxonomic fate of the first three agaric collections to confirm the presence of this brown-spored genus in western Canada and an overview of the nine Phaeocollybia species confirmed by mycologists who have surveyed western Canadian ancient spruce and fir forests during the past quarter century.
... Phaeocollybia longistipitata Halling & E. Horak, P. odorata E. Horak, P. pleurocystidiata Norvell & Redhead, P. singeri Guzmán et al., and P. tentaculata E. Horak are other slender stiped taxa that are segregated primarily by their smaller basidiospores and lack of clamp connections (Horak 1977, Bandala et al. 1989, Norvell & Redhead 2000, Halling & Horak 2008. ...
Phaeocollybia nigripes is described from an Atlantic Forest fragment in
Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. It is characterized by a stipe that is uniformly slender with a
slightly swollen base and dark grayish brown below to almost black at the apex, brown pileus,
large basidiospores that average 12.4 × 6.6 μm, hyphoid to narrowly clavate cheilocystidia,
and abundant clamp connections. The holotype of P. megalospora var. megalospora, the
putatively most similar taxon, was examined. A key to the six taxa reported from Brazil is
also presented.
... Of the 96 names published in Phaeocollybia (CABI 2010), ~50 species are currently accepted by Kirk et al. (2008). Phaeocollybia species have been mostly documented from North America and Mexico (Smith 1957, Singer 1970, Smith & Trappe 1972, Horak 1977, Redhead & Malloch 1986, Guzmán et al. 1987, Bandala et al. 1989, Norvell 2000, 2002, 2004, Norvell & Redhead 2000, Redhead & Norvell 2004, Norvell & Exeter 2007, Halling & Horak 2008, with some from Europe (Pearson 1952, Horak 1977, Asia (Horak 1974(Horak , 1977(Horak , 1980, South America (Singer 1970, Horak 1977, Horak & Halling 1991, and Oceania (Horak 1973, 1977, Rees & Wood 1996. ...
A new species in Phaeocollybia, P. purpurea, is described in this paper based on collections from Wuyishan, Fujian Province, China. The new taxon is distinct within the genus for its persistently purple basidiomata, non-viscid pileus, and small basidiospores. The morphological
characters used to distinguish the new species from its related species are also provided and discussed in this paper.
... Other mycologists in the region also made significant contributions to improving the knowledge base for SMP fungi. These included treatises on Bridgeoporus ( Burdsall et al. 1996;Redberg et al. 2003), Albetrellus (Ginns 1997), Phaeocollybia (Norvell 2000Norvell & Redhead 2000a), Ramaria ( Exeter et al. 2006), Stropharia (Norvell & Redhead 2000b), and Cantharellus ( Redhead et al. 1997). Norvell & Exeter (2004) examined effects of forest thinning and stand age on fungal communities in the Oregon Coast Range. ...
In 1994, 234 fungal species were listed for protection under the Survey and Manage Programme (SMP) guidelines of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP), an area encompassing 9.7 Mha of federal land in the states of Washington, Oregon, and northern California. The fungal species were presumed rare, associated with late-successional old-growth forests, and in need of protection not afforded by the major elements of the NWFP, including a vast system of forest reserves. The SMP guidelines thus called for protecting known sites while gathering information through surveys to learn more about species rarity, distribution, habitat requirements, and persistence concerns. If new information revealed that a species was not rare, not associated with late-successional old-growth forests, or that other aspects of the NWFP guidelines provided for their persistence (e.g. adequate protection provided by forest reserves), the species could be removed from the programme. The first assemblage of known site records from fungal herbaria yielded approximately 3500 records for all listed species. After 12 y of survey the total number of records increased four-fold to approximately 14,400 records. Fifty-five percent of species were found at 20 or fewer sites and considered rare; 42% were found at ten or fewer sites. Over the life of the programme, 39 species were removed from the programme primarily because they were no longer considered rare; many were found at several hundred sites throughout the NWFP area. Mapped distributions of known sites varied among species. When viewed across species, however, known sites were well distributed throughout the NWFP area, thus indicating the importance of the entire NWFP area in maintaining this diverse array of fungi. The NWFP relies on a system of late-successional forest reserves to act as a coarse-filter conservation approach to provide protection for late-successional species. Ninety percent of fungal species had some portion of their known sites within reserves, but only 34% of total sites occurred within reserves. Thus, for the rarest species, applying a fine-filter conservation approach that protects known sites outside of reserves becomes an important aspect of species protection. The SMP became a costly and controversial aspect of the NWFP and underwent several administrative revisions including attempts to end the programme in 2004 and 2007. Regardless of costs and controversy, this conservation programme represents an unprecedented attempt to conserve rare fungal species at a regional scale. One of the more important lessons learned is the absolute need for professional mycologists to develop long-term partnerships with resource managers and other scientists, and apply mycological expertise to complex species and habitat conservation issues in an interdisciplinary setting.
... Subsequent collections from British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon led to re-evaluation of both type collections. Aft er determined that all specimens shared similar morphologies and identical RFLP DNA profi les, Norvell & Redhead (2000) declared P. carmanahensis a synonym of P. oregonensis. ...
This 2008 publication (no longer available in print and now in revision) offers a key to all described 25 Phaeocollybia species from Pacific Northwest United States (California, Idaho, Washington, Oregon) and Canada (British Columbia). Detailed summary descriptions are accompanied by color photos depicting each species in the field, in the lab, and under the microscope. Discussions of global distribution, ecology, development, biology, taxonomy, and suspected phylogenetic relationships offer essential background information to those working within and outside the Pacific Northwest region.
The original images have been downsized and the book divided into three parts for easy downloading on ResearchGate. Part 2 (presented here) provides 6–8-page treatments of Phaeocollybia ammiratii, P. attenuata, P. benzokauffmanii, P. californica, P. dissiliens, P. fallax, P. gregaria, P. kauffmanii, P. lilacifolia, P. luteosquamulosa, P. ochraceocana, P. olivacea, and P. oregonensis. Part 3 treats the remaining PNW species, and Part 1 covers the biology, ecology, and taxonomy of the genus as well as keys to PNW species, a complete glossary, and references. A list of errata (part 4), still in preparation, will be uploaded to ResearchGate when completed.
... Additional comments -Th e existence of P. pleurocystidiata was fi rst noted by fi nding abundant pleurocystidia in one 1965 herbarium collection misdetermined as P. attenuata. Subsequent herbarium fi nds suggested that Young and mature caps in one P. pleurocystidiata collection exhibit all hues in the typically 'tawny' spectrum Bummer Ridge near Alsea, Benton County, Oregon -pnw-ms Exeter2008-002 the species was collected only in the spring, confi rmed when Norvell & Redhead (2000) encountered fresh specimens during 1994 in late March to April on the Olympic Peninsula and western Oregon. Subsequent spring surveys have shown that the previously rarely collected species is relatively common along the northern Pacifi c coast and coast range forests, fruiting as early as January in the southern part of the range until mid-May in the north. ...
This 2008 publication (no longer available in print and now in revision) offers a key to all described 25 Phaeocollybia species from Pacific Northwest United States (California, Idaho, Washington, Oregon) and Canada (British Columbia). Detailed summary descriptions are accompanied by color photos depicting each species in the field, in the lab, and under the microscope. Discussions of global distribution, ecology, development, biology, taxonomy, and suspected phylogenetic relationships offer essential background information to those working within and outside the Pacific Northwest region.
The original images have been downsized and the book divided into three parts for easy downloading on ResearchGate. Part 3 (presented here) provides 6–8-page treatments of Phaeocollybia phaeogaleroides, P. piceae, P. pleurocystidiata, P. pseudofestiva, P radicate, P. redheadii, P rifflipes, P. rufotubulina, P. scatesiae, P. sipei, P. spadicea, and P. tibiikauffmanii. Part 2 treats the remaining PNW species, and Part 1 covers the biology, ecology, and taxonomy of the genus as well as keys to PNW species, a complete glossary, and references. A list of errata (part 4), still in preparation, will be uploaded to ResearchGate when completed.
... After several collecting trips through Washington, Oregon, and California, Smith named fifteen more species from the region -P. attenuata, P. californica, P. deceptiva, P. dissiliens, P. fallax, P. gregaria, P. kauffmanii, P. lilacifolia, P. olivacea, P. oregonensis, P. piceae, P. pseudofestiva, P. scatesiae, P. sipei, P. spadicea (Smith 1937Smith & Trappe 1972 Redhead & Norvell (1993) P. pleurocystidiata, P. redheadii, P. rifflipes, P. rufotubulina, P. tibiikauffmanii (Norvell 1998ab, 2000(Norvell 1998ab, , 2002(Norvell 1998ab, , 2004Norvell & Exeter 2007a;Norvell & Redhead 2000). Detailed descriptions, color photographs, and keys to the currently accepted twenty-five Pacific Northwest species comprise the major portion of this book. ...
... Perception of rarity prompted the United States government -the USDI-Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and USDA-Forest Service (FS) -to cite fourteen phaeocollybias (among 234 potentially endangered or threatened fungi in oldgrowth Pacific coast temperate rainforests) as species of concern in the Federal Ecosystem Management Assessment Team (FEMAT) report on Northern Spotted Owl habitats (USDA-USDI 1993). All fourteen were included in the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) and Record of Decision (ROD, USDA-USDI 1994; see also Castellano & al. 1999Castellano & al. , 2003Norvell 2000Norvell , 2002Norvell , 2004Norvell & Exeter 2004, 2007aNorvell & Redhead 2000) that contained the Resource Management Plan (RMP) to implement the NWFP (Molina 2008) and governed the survey and management of organisms on BLM and FS lands within the range of the Northern Spotted Owl. ...
... Horak (1989) and Norvell (1998aNorvell ( , 2004 noted that assigning sections and subgenera to Phaeocollybia is premature, a conclusion supported by recent conflicting molecular analyses. Nonetheless, amplification and enzymatic digestion of the 5.8S ribosomal DNA ('rDNA') ITS (internally transcribed sequence) region from 22 Pacific Northwest Phaeocollybia species (Norvell 1998a(Norvell , 2000(Norvell , 2002(Norvell , 2004Norvell & Redhead 2000) suggested that cheilocystidial morphology was helpful in isolating monophyletic groups within the genus. Norvell (1998a) extracted and amplified DNA from 160 specimens representing 24 putative PNW phaeocollybias (including 15 types) and seven out taxa to test traditional morphology-based species hypotheses with RFLP (random fragment length polymorphism) generated DNA profiles. ...
This 2008 publication (no longer available in print and now in revision) offers a key to all described 25 Phaeocollybia species from Pacific Northwest United States (California, Idaho, Washington, Oregon) and Canada (British Columbia). Detailed summary descriptions are accompanied by color photos depicting each species in the field, in the lab, and under the microscope. Discussions of global distribution, ecology, development, biology, taxonomy, and suspected phylogenetic relationships offer essential background information to those working within and outside the Pacific Northwest region.
The original images have been downsized and the book divided into three parts for easy downloading on ResearchGate. Part 1 (presented here) contains the covers and introductory matter, sections on distribution & ecology, development & biology, taxonomy & phylogeny, diagnostics, and the conspectus and keys to species. The acknowledgments, bibliography, and glossary conclude Part 1. Individual species descriptions are included in parts 2 & 3. A list of errata (part 4), still in preparation, will be uploaded to ResearchGate when completed.
... Norvell 1998ab), molecular support for the existence of 25 species (inferred from restriction digests of 160 collections, cf. Norvell 1998a Norvell , 2000), new insights into the development and biology of the genus (Norvell 1998ab), and naming of five new species (Norvell 2000, Norvell & Redhead 2000). Two additional new species --P. ...
Morphological and molecular reevaluation of the genus Phaeocollybia has uncovered the existence of two new forest agarics from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. Phaeocollybia phaeogaleroides produces small, fragile basidiomes with large, lightly ornamented, ellipsoid basidiospores, abundant clamp connections, and a unique fruiting phenology. First revealed during molecular analyses, Phaeocollybia rifflipes produces small basidiomes with tawny viscid pilei and lilac-colored lamellae. It shares affinities with two western species (Phaeocollybia fallax and Phaeocollybia lilacifolia) with glutinous pilei, lilac lamellae, vertical-monopodial pseudorhizae, limoniform basidiospores, and thin-walled clavate cheilocystidia. The close morphological relationship of three western species to the European Phaeocollybia festiva is discussed.
... Redhead and Norvell (1993) noted that Hesler17217 (TENN) represented an unidentified taxon and not P. kauffmanii. Re-examinations of Bigelow13570 (NY) from Vermont reveal that the clamp connections previously reported by Redhead and Norvell (1993) were in fact misinterpretations of flexuous hyphal branch apices in sarcodimitic tissues (Norvell 1998a;Norvell and Redhead 2000). Until collections of mature basidiomes are made, however, specific identification of the immature Vermont material still remains tentative. ...
Morphological and molecular investigations during a taxonomic reevaluation of the genus Phaeocollybia revealed four new agaric species from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California that are morphologically similar to Phaeocollybia kauffmanii (Smith) Singer. All five species produce large basidiomes with brown pilei, stipes with cartilaginous rinds surrounding dense pith, vertical-monopodial pseudorhizae, large, verrucose or verruculose, apically beaked basidiospores, and thin-walled, clavate cheilocystidia. The most salient morphological characters distinguishing the new species from P. kauffmanii include abundant clamp connections (Phaeocollybia ammiratii), a pink- or purple-brown pileus lacking encrusting pigments in the pileipellis (Phaeocollybia benzokauffmanii), a nonviscid, fibrillose, ochraceous pileus with a trilaminate pileipellis (Phaeocollybia luteosquamulosa), and unusually large basidiospores and subglobose subcapitate pedicellate cheilocystidia (Phaeocollybia redheadii). An emended description of P. kauffmanii accompanies technical descriptions and a key to the five species and newly revealed complex.
An unpublished report submitted in 2008 summarized the outcomes of a seven-year study evaluating the short-term response of epigeous ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes to five different density treatments in a 65-year old Douglas-fir forest in the Oregon coast range. That report supplemented information provided in Norvell & Exeter’s 2004 publication, “Ectomycorrhizal epigeous basidiomycete diversity in Oregon’s coastal montane Pseudotsuga menziesii forests – preliminary observations.” This revision includes illustrations and analyses of the 2008 summary and provides new taxonomic reports, a complete bibliography, and a nomenclaturally refined species list.
