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Periconiella velutina (CBS 101948). A-B. Macronematous conidiophores with short branches in the upper part. C. Sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cell with darkened and slightly thickened scars. D. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 μm.
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The phylogeny of the genera Periconiella, Ramichloridium, Rhinocladiella and Veronaea was explored by means of partial sequences of the 28S (LSU) rRNA gene and the ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS2). Based on the LSU sequence data, ramichloridium-like species segregate into eight distinct clusters. These include the Capnodiales (Mycosphaerellace...
Citations
... The fungus protects the larva against parasites and allows an easy exit of the imago. The adult gall midge and the first larval stage have adapted structures to carry the fungus (Rohfritsch, 1992;Arzanlou et al, 2007). The occurrence of this fungus has been reported in Iran, including around Urmia Lake (Salimi, Alizadeh, Mirzadi Gohari, & Javan-Nikkhah, 2019). ...
The diversity of plant species belonging to the Poaceae family in Iran is very rich with about 500 known species. Many species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) have a feeding relationship with plants of the Poaceae family. Despite the great species richness of Poaceae in Iran and the association between Cecidomyiidae/Poaceae, only 6 species of gall midges have been collected and identified from the plants of the Poaceae in Iran. In the present investigation related to the gall midge fauna of Iran, 3 genera namely, Calamomyia Gagné, 1969, Epicalamus Sylvén, 1998 and Mayetiola Kieffer, 1896 and 13 species namely, C. echinochloa Felt, 1916, Contarinia festucae Jones, 1940, C. floricola (Oettingen, 1927), C. lolii Metcalfe, 1933, Dasineura alopecuri (Reuter, 1895), E. phalaridis Sylvén, 1998, Lasioptera arundinis Schiner, 1854, L. calamagrostidis Rübsaamen, 1893, L. donacis Coutin, 2001, Mayetiola poae (Bosc, 1817), Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett, 1899), S. geniculati (Reuter, 1895) and S. panici Plotnikov 1926 are reported for the first time from the country. The adult specimens were obtained by rearing from their larvae on 13 genera and 13 species of Poaceae. The genus Calamomyia Gagné 1969, which is distributed in the Nearctic region, is reported for the first time from the Palearctic region.
... However, Wu and Diao (2022) further showed that the assignment of Linkosia in Chaetosphaeriaceae needs additional molecular data. The species in Rhamphoriaceae were mainly collected from terrestrial habitats and rarely from freshwater habitats and are mainly distributed in Asia and Europe, possibly due to extensive sampling and thorough studies (Arzanlou et al. 2007;Réblová and Štěpánek 2018;Luo et al. 2019;Hyde et al. 2020;Yuan et al. 2020;Yang et al. 2023). Arzanlou et al. (2007) introduced Rhodoveronaea to accommodate the single asexual species R. varioseptata Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous (type species), based on the phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS and LSU sequences. ...
... The species in Rhamphoriaceae were mainly collected from terrestrial habitats and rarely from freshwater habitats and are mainly distributed in Asia and Europe, possibly due to extensive sampling and thorough studies (Arzanlou et al. 2007;Réblová and Štěpánek 2018;Luo et al. 2019;Hyde et al. 2020;Yuan et al. 2020;Yang et al. 2023). Arzanlou et al. (2007) introduced Rhodoveronaea to accommodate the single asexual species R. varioseptata Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous (type species), based on the phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS and LSU sequences. The asexual morph of Rhodoveronaea is characterized by straight or flexuose conidiophores with inflated basal cells; sympodial, slightly prominent conidium-bearing denticles conidiogenous cells; ellipsoidal to obovoidal, aseptate to multiseptate, with protruding base and marginal basal frill conidia (Arzanlou et al. 2007;Luo et al. 2019;Yuan et al. 2020). ...
... Arzanlou et al. (2007) introduced Rhodoveronaea to accommodate the single asexual species R. varioseptata Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous (type species), based on the phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS and LSU sequences. The asexual morph of Rhodoveronaea is characterized by straight or flexuose conidiophores with inflated basal cells; sympodial, slightly prominent conidium-bearing denticles conidiogenous cells; ellipsoidal to obovoidal, aseptate to multiseptate, with protruding base and marginal basal frill conidia (Arzanlou et al. 2007;Luo et al. 2019;Yuan et al. 2020). Later, Réblová (2009) introduced the sexual morph of R. varioseptata which is characterized by solitary or gregarious, immersed, venter subglobose to conical, neck conical; 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, broadly rounded at the apex, long-stipitate asci; and fusiform, aseptate to multiseptate, and hyaline ascospores. ...
During a microfungi investigation carried out in a terrestrial forest in Guizhou Province in China, hyphomycetes on a decaying wood log in a terrestrial habitat were collected. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data revealed that the collected hyphomycetes represent two distinct new species in Rhodoveronaea. The two new species introduced in this paper are Rhodoveronaea hyalina and R. lignicola. Full descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the two new species are provided.
... Neomyrmecridium was subsequently introduced to the family (Crous et al. 2018a). Species in this family are reported on a wide range of plant substrates from aquatic and terrestrial habitats, a few species have been reported in soil, house dust or associated with humans (Arzanlou et al. 2007, Peintner et al. 2016, Crous et al. 2018a, Hyde et al. 2020b). ...
... Myrmecridium, is a well-studied genus, which was described by Arzanlou et al. (2007) with M. schulzeri as the type species. Myrmecridium was previously placed in Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis. ...
... Myrmecridium is characterized by the production of obovoid or fusiform conidia, tapering towards a narrowly truncate base, hyaline mycelium with pale to unpigmented, and pimple-like denticles. Species in the genus are widely distributed and commonly isolated from soil and plant tissues (Arzanlou et al. 2007, Peintner et al. 2016, Réblová et al. 2016a, Hyde et al. 2020b). This study introduces a new species Myrmecridium yunnanense, with detailed description and illustration with phylogenetic support. ...
Monocotyledons are one of the important groups of flowering plants that include
approximately 60,000 species with economically important crops including coconut (Cocos nuciferanucifera), pineapple (Ananas comosus comosus), and rice (Oryza sativa sativa). Studies on these hosts are mainly focused on pathogenic fungi; only a f ew saprobic species have been reported. This study investigated the saprobic ascomycetes associated with coconut, pineapple, and rice in southern China and northern Thailand. Approximately 200 specimens were collected, and 100 fungal strains were isolated and identified to 77 species based on phylogenetic approaches and morphological characteristics. Among the 77 species, 29, 38, and 12 were found on coconut, pineapple, and rice, respectively, distributed in Dothideomycetes (41), Eurotiomycetes (one), and S ordariomycetes (35). Pseudomycoleptodiscus , Pseudosaprodesmium Pseudosetoseptoria, Pseudostriatosphaeria and
Pseudoteichospora are introduced as new genera and Anthostomella cocois, Apiospora ananas, Chromolaenicola ananasi, Epicoccum yunnanensis, Exserohi lum ananas, Hypoxylon cocois, Lasiodiplodia ananasi, Muyocopron chiangraiense, Myrmecridium yunnanense, Occultitheca ananasi, Periconia chiangraiensis, Placidiopsis ananasi, Pseudomycoleptodiscus ananas, Pseudosaprodesmium cocois, Pseudosetoseptoria oryzae, Pseudostriatosphaeria chiangraiensis,
Pseudoteichospora thailandensis, Savoryella chiangraiensis, Savoryella cocois, and Tetraploa oryzae are introduced as novel species. In addition, 51 species are reported as new hosts or geographical records, and six species are reported as new collections. Pseudopithomyces pandanicola and P. palmicola are synonymized under P. chartarum, P. diversisporus synonymized under P. atro olivaceus based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics.
Moreover, comprehensive checklists of fungi associated with coconut, pineapple, and rice are also provided.
... Additional new species were introduced by various taxonomists over time (Ellis 1976, Kharwar & Singh 2004). Prior to this study, only two species, V. aquatica and V. japonica, had been recognized and characterized based on morphological traits and multi-locus analysis (Arzanlou et al. 2007, Chandrasiri et al. 2021. ...
... At present, the genus comprises 20 species identified solely through their asexual morphs, which are characterized by erect, mostly unbranched, pale to medium brown conidiophores with sympodial, terminal or intercalary, and cylindrical conidiogenous cells (Papendorf 1976, Arzanlou et al. 2007, Rambelli 2011, Zhang 2019. Conidia of Veronaea species are cylindrical to pyriform, solitary, smooth, and pale brown, with 1-septate to a few transversely septate (Ciferri & Montemartini 1957, Papendorf 1976, Kharwar & Singh 2004, Arzanlou et al. 2007, Rambelli 2011, Zhang 2019. ...
... At present, the genus comprises 20 species identified solely through their asexual morphs, which are characterized by erect, mostly unbranched, pale to medium brown conidiophores with sympodial, terminal or intercalary, and cylindrical conidiogenous cells (Papendorf 1976, Arzanlou et al. 2007, Rambelli 2011, Zhang 2019. Conidia of Veronaea species are cylindrical to pyriform, solitary, smooth, and pale brown, with 1-septate to a few transversely septate (Ciferri & Montemartini 1957, Papendorf 1976, Kharwar & Singh 2004, Arzanlou et al. 2007, Rambelli 2011, Zhang 2019. ...
During an ongoing survey on microfungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China, several specimens of hyphomycetous fungi were collected from decaying branches of Betulaceae plants. Through morphological analysis and a multi-locus phylogenetic study based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the internal transcribed spacer, the large subunit ribosomal RNA, and the partial beta-tubulin region, we have identified that these new collections belong to the genus Veronaea, leading us to propose Veronaea polyconidia sp. nov. According to multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, V. polyconidia represents a sister clade to V. botryosa. Morphologically, V. polyconidia is distinct from V. botryosa by its relatively larger conidia and longer conidiophores. Detailed morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are provided. Additionally, the phylogenetic findings in this study, along with morphological comparisons, indicate that V. constricta is conspecific with V. botryosa. Prioritizing the oldest epithet, we have synonymized V. constricta under V. botryosa. These findings not only broaden our understanding of the fungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China but also enhance our comprehension of the broader genus Veronaea.
... Myrmecridium was introduced by Arzanlou et al. (2007) to accommodate M. schulzeri and its varieties, which were formerly classified under Ramichloridium. Myrmecridium can be distinguished from other ramichloridium-like species by having hyaline vegetative hyphae and pimple-shaped denticles on the conidiophores (Arzanlou et al. 2007). ...
... Myrmecridium was introduced by Arzanlou et al. (2007) to accommodate M. schulzeri and its varieties, which were formerly classified under Ramichloridium. Myrmecridium can be distinguished from other ramichloridium-like species by having hyaline vegetative hyphae and pimple-shaped denticles on the conidiophores (Arzanlou et al. 2007). Crous et al. (2015) established Myrmecridiaceae and Myrmecridiales to accommodate the Myrmecridium clade within Sordariomycetes based on the LSU sequence data. ...
... In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the LSU sequence of M. hydei (MFLUCC 23-0217) was 100% similar across 98% of the query sequence to M. schulzeri (CBS 188.96), which translates into 98% similarity. Myrmecridium hydei differs from M. schulzeri in having flexuous conidiophores and lacking a wing-like sheath to the conidia (Arzanlou et al. 2007). Myrmecridium hydei (MFLUCC 23-0217) has similar characters to M. flexuosum, but M. flexuosum is distinguishable by having shorter conidiophores without strongly constricted, shorter pimple-like denticles, and it has conidia with a sheath (Arzanlou et al. 2007). ...
Myrmecridium hydei was isolated from decaying branch of Areca species submerged in seawater from Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. The new species is supported by phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS and LSU sequence data. Myrmecridium hydei formed a distinct clade from M. phragmitigenum, M. phragmiticola and M. sambuci with moderate statistical support. The species also differs from other Myrmecridium species by having a longer sympodial, straight or flexuous to geniculate-sinuous conidiophore and obovoid or fusoid to irregular, guttulate conidia without a wing-like sheath. Myrmecridium hydei is described as a novel species based on morphology and phylogeny.
... Similar cases can be found in other genera including Agaricus, Amanita, Cortinarius, and Entoloma (Peintner et al. 2001;Co-David et al. 2009;Justo et al. 2010;Sánchez-García et al. 2020). Similarly, morphologically defined higher taxa of Ascomycota have also been challenged by molecular data (Arzanlou et al. 2007;Crous et al. 2007Crous et al. , 2009Crous et al. , 2021Wynns 2015). ...
Laboulbeniales ( Ascomycota ) are an order of understudied, biotrophic microfungi uniquely associated with arthropods. More than 2300 species are described but only a fraction of those have been sequenced. Molecular studies have shown that cryptic diversity and phenotypic plasticity are present within the Laboulbeniales . Thus far, all of the 146 genera described in Laboulbeniales have been based on morphological characteristics; features commonly used to delineate genera are the organization of receptacle cells and the number of perithecial outer wall cells. The genus Botryandromyces was erected to accommodate two species, B. heteroceri and B. ornatus (type), which share similar morphological characteristics and are different from other genera in their number of perithecial outer wall cells. Here, we generated sequences of multiple loci (18S, ITS, and 28S) of B. heteroceri and several Laboulbenia species. Our phylogenetic analyses retrieved Botryandromyces within Laboulbenia with high support. The two Botryandromyces species are similar to related Laboulbenia species in their upper receptacle (i.e., cells IV and V). We propose to transfer Botryandromyces ornatus and B. heteroceri to Laboulbenia as L. heteroceri and L. mairei nom. nov., respectively, due to a complicated taxonomic history. These results advocate the use of molecular data and the necessity of an integrative taxonomy approach in the study of Laboulbeniales not only to delineate species, but also to investigate relationships among species, genera, and higher taxa as well as to understand the evolution of morphology in this group of fungi.
... Myrmecridiales was introduced by Crous et al. (2015a) with a monophyletic family Myrmecridiaceae which comprises two genera including Myrmecridium and Neomyrmecridium (Arzanlou et al. 2007, Crous et al. 2018a. Myrmecridium was introduced by Arzanlou et al. (2007), with M. schulzeri as its type species. ...
... Myrmecridiales was introduced by Crous et al. (2015a) with a monophyletic family Myrmecridiaceae which comprises two genera including Myrmecridium and Neomyrmecridium (Arzanlou et al. 2007, Crous et al. 2018a. Myrmecridium was introduced by Arzanlou et al. (2007), with M. schulzeri as its type species. It is characterized by its flat colonies, immersed mycelium that grows vertically and consists of unbranched, straight or flexuose, septate conidiophores. ...
... It is characterized by its flat colonies, immersed mycelium that grows vertically and consists of unbranched, straight or flexuose, septate conidiophores. Conidiogenous cells are polyblastic, integrated, cylindrical and solitary with obovoidal or fusiform, smooth or finely verrucose-walled conidia (Arzanlou et al. 2007). Members of Myrmecridium are widely distributed on decaying plant branches in freshwater and soil habitats (Arzanlou et al. 2007, Jie et al. 2013, Peintner et al. 2016, Réblová et al. 2016, Tibpromma et al. 2017, Crous et al. 2018a, 2018b, 2020, 2021, 2022, Serrano et al. 2020. ...
This study aims to investigate the species diversity of lignicolous freshwater fungi in the Tibetan Plateau, China. Four hyphomycetous taxa were identified and subjected to molecular analysis utilizing combined ITS and LSU sequence data. The phylogenetic analysis identified two novel species in Neomyrmecridium, namely N. gaoligongense and N. luguense, as well as two new records in Myrmecridium, namely M. iridis and M. schulzeri. These species are characterized by possessing cylindrical, septate, unbranched conidiophores, integrated, terminal, polyblastic conidiogenous cells, and subhyaline, obovoid conidia. The four taxa are comprehensively described with colour photographs and phylogenetic analyses.
... Phialophora exhibited the basic morphological characteristics of conidial production through large phialidic conidiogenesis (Li et al., 2017). Rhinocladiella and Petriomyces share morphological characteristics of being polyblastic, as well as sympodial conidial formation on conidiogenous loci and aseptate conidia (Arzanlou et al., 2007). In addition, the conidia of Rhinocladiella appears in various shapes, including subglobose, ellipsoidal, obovoid, and subcylindrical to clavate, and is similar to Petriomyces, which appears obovoid or pyriform conidia. ...
Members of the family Herpotrichiellaceae are distributed worldwide and can be found in various habitats including on insects, plants, rocks, and in the soil. They are also known to be opportunistic human pathogens. In this study, 12 strains of rock-inhabiting fungi that belong to Herpotrichiellaceae were isolated from rock samples collected from forests located in Lamphun and Sukhothai provinces of northern Thailand during the period from 2021 to 2022. On the basis of the morphological characteristics, growth temperature, and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of a combination of the internal transcribed spacer, the large subunit, and the small subunit of ribosomal RNA, beta tubulin and the translation elongation factor 1-a genes, the new genus, Petriomyces gen. nov., has been established to accommodate the single species, Pe. obovoidisporus sp. nov. In addition, three new species of Cladophialophora have also been introduced, namely, Cl. rupestricola, Cl. sribuabanensis, and Cl. thailandensis. Descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic trees indicating the placement of these new taxa are provided. Here, we provide updates and discussions on the phylogenetic placement of other fungal genera within Herpotrichiellaceae.
... Over time, several species have undergone reclassification, leading to their placement in different genera and orders across three classes. The majority of these genera are now classified within Sordariomycetes, such as Cacumisporium, Craspedodidymum, Curvichaeta, Fusichloridium, Kylindrochaeta and Phialogeniculata in Chaetosphaeriales (Wu & Diao 2022), Dischloridium and Phaeochloridium in Glomerellales (Sutton 1976, Wu & Diao 2022, Myrmecridium in Myrmecridiales (Arzanlou et al. 2007), and Rhamphoriopsis and Xylolentia in Rhamphoriales (Wu & Diao 2022, Yang et al. 2023. Within the class Dothideomycetes, Globoramichloridium is placed in the order Capnodiales (Marin-Felix et al. 2019), while Acrodontium, Mycosphaerella, Ramichloridium and Zasmidium are established in Mycosphaerellales (de Hoog 1972, 1977, Braun et al. 2003, Videira et al. 2016. ...
In this study, we investigated the morphological and genetic variability of selected species belonging to the genus Chloridium sensu lato , some also referred to as chloridium-like asexual morphs and other undescribed morphologically similar fungi. These species do not conform to the revised generic concept and thus necessitate a re-evaluation in terms of taxonomy and phylogeny. The family Chaetosphaeriaceae ( Chaetosphaeriales ) encompasses a wide range of asexual morphotypes, and among them, the simplest form is represented by Chloridium sect. Chloridium . The morphological simplicity of the Chloridium morphotype has historically led to the amalgamation of numerous unrelated species, thereby creating a heterogeneous genus. By conducting phylogenetic reconstruction of four DNA loci and examining a set of 71 strains, including all available ex-type and other non-type strains as well as holotypes and other herbarium material, we were able to gain new insights into the relationships between these taxa. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the studied species are distantly related to Chloridium sensu stricto and can be grouped into two orders in the Sordariomycetes . Within the Chaetosphaeriales , they formed nine well-separated genera in four clades, such as Cacumisporium , Caliciastrum gen. nov. , Caligospora gen. nov. , Capillisphaeria gen. nov. , Curvichaeta , Fusichloridium , Geniculoseta gen. nov. , Papillospora gen. nov. , and Spicatispora gen. nov. We also established Chloridiopsiella gen. nov. and Chloridiopsis gen. nov. in Vermiculariopsiellales . Four new species and eight new combinations are proposed in these genera. Our study provides a clearer understanding of the genus Chloridium , its relationship to other morphologically similar fungi, and a new taxonomic treatment and molecular phylogeny to facilitate their accurate identification and classification in future research.
... Rubus parvifolius, an important traditional Chinese medicine, is often found in East and South Asia (Roginsky et al. 1996;Yuan et al. 2006). While only six fungal species have been reported from Hypericum monogynum (Zhang 2006;Kobayashi 2007), 22 species have been reported from Rubus parvifolius, mainly in China and Japan, with a few in Australia, South Korea, Canada, and Russia (Simmonds 1966;Tai 1979;Katumoto 1980;Azbukina 1984;Ginns 1986;Cook and Dubé 1989;Liu and Guo 1998;Cao and Li 1999;Lu et al. 2000;Zhuang 2001;Cho and Shin 2004;Zhuang 2005;Priest 2006;Arzanlou et al. 2007;Kobayashi 2007;Zhuang 2012). ...
During a survey of microfungi associated with grasslands and related vegetation types from Yunnan Province in China, various ascomycetous and coelomycetous fungi were isolated. This study reports the discovery of four strains of ascomycetous and coelomycetous fungi from dead stalks of Hypericum monogynum L. (Hypericaceae) and Rubus parvifolius L. (Rosaceae) in the Zhaotong region of Yunnan Province, China. The isolates were characterized using multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and were found to represent a new monophyletic lineage in Melanommataceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). This new clade was named as Dematiomelanomma yunnanense gen. et sp. nov. which consists of both sexual and asexual morphs. The sexual morph is characterized by globose to subglobose ascomata with a central ostiole, cylindrical asci with a pedicel and ocular chamber, and muriform, ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores. The asexual morph has synanamorphs including both brown, muriform macroconidia and hyaline, round to oblong or ellipsoidal microconidia. These findings contribute to the understanding of fungal diversity in grasslands and related vegetation types in Yunnan Province, China.
