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Percentage of osteopontin stained area in nasal biopsies pre- and peak season. The percentage of the osteopontin stained area in pre- and peak-season nasal biopsies of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients treated with placebo (P) or fluticasone propionate (FP). The mean and SEM is indicated per group.
Source publication
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been primarily investigated in Th1 diseases. Recently, it has also been implicated in Th2-mediated allergic diseases, such as asthma. The expression of OPN in allergic rhinitis (AR) is currently unknown, as is the effect of intranasal glucocorticosteroids (GCs) on that expression.
Subjects wi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... mean OPN expression (% area) was similar in nasal biopsies from healthy controls (4.1 ± 0.8%) com- pared to pre-season patient samples (5.9 ± 0.4%; p = 0.0706). During the grass pollen season, no significant change in OPN expression was seen in AR patients trea- ted with placebo or FP (Figure 2). Comparison of the difference in OPN expression induced by the grass pol- len season revealed no difference between the placebo and FP treated patient groups (p = 0.82). ...Similar publications
Aim
Intranasal corticosteroids offer effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. The action of interleukin 5 (IL-5) (Th2-type cytokine) and its response to intranasal steroids has not been thoroughly studied in the deep compartment of the nasal mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of prolonged topical glucocorticosteroid on t...
Citations
... These studies suggest that CC10 might exert its inhibitory biological function by regulating OPN in AR. Later, O'Neil et al. found that natural exposure to pollen does not influence OPN expression in AR patients [89]. Also, treating AR patients locally with a potent nasal glucocorticoid did not alter mucosal OPN expression during natural exposure to pollen [89]. ...
... Later, O'Neil et al. found that natural exposure to pollen does not influence OPN expression in AR patients [89]. Also, treating AR patients locally with a potent nasal glucocorticoid did not alter mucosal OPN expression during natural exposure to pollen [89]. However, we should interpret these results cautiously because only the local iOPN of AR patients was assessed using immunochemistry in that study. ...
The airway epithelium is exposed to numerous external irritants including infectious agents, environmental allergens, and atmospheric pollutants, releasing epithelial cytokines including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 and initiating downstream type 2 (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5) and IgE-driven pathways. These pathways trigger the initiation and progression of allergic airway diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), allergic rhinitis (AR), and allergic asthma. However, the use of biological agents that target downstream cytokines, such as IL-5, IL-4, and IL-13 receptors and IgE, might not be sufficient to manage some patients successfully. Instead of blocking downstream cytokines, targeting upstream epithelial cytokines has been proposed to address the complex immunologic networks associated with allergic airway diseases. Osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix glyco-phosphoprotein, is a key mediator involved in Th1-related diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Emerging evidence, including ours, indicates that epithelial-cell-derived OPN also plays an essential role in Th2-skewed airway diseases, including CRSwNP, AR, and allergic asthma involving the Th17 response. Therefore, we reviewed the current knowledge of epithelial-cell-derived OPN in the pathogenesis of three type-2-biased airway diseases and provided a direction for its future investigation and clinical relevance.
... OPN is expressed in a variety of cells, including bronchial epithelial cells, airway and vascular smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, and inflammatory cells like T-lymphocytes and mast cells [16]. The elevated levels of OPN were observed in IgE-mediated allergic inflammation, such as in serum, sputum supernatant and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatics [16][17][18][19], nasal mucosa from allergic rhinitis [20,21], and tear fluid from allergic conjunctivitis [22]. We confirmed the serum level of OPN was increased in adult patients with AR in our previous study [8]. ...
Background. Osteopontin (OPN) has been proved to be associated with allergic airway inflammation. However, the roles of OPN and its regulation in childhood allergic rhinitis (AR) are poorly understood. Objective. This study aims to evaluate the expression of OPN and miR-181a in children with AR and their association with Th1/Th2 immune response. Methods. Children who suffered from AR were included along with control subjects. Serum was collected to examine the level of OPN and Th1/Th2 cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the level of miR-181a by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results. Children with AR had significantly higher serum levels of OPN and lower serum levels of miR-181a than healthy controls. Furthermore, serum levels of OPN were positively correlated with Th2 cytokine and negatively correlated with Th1 cytokine. On the contrary, miR-181a level had a negative correlation with IL-4/IL-5 and positive correlation with IFN-
γ
/IL-12. More importantly, there was also significant negative correlation between OPN and miR-181a. Conclusion. The OPN protein and miR-181a levels may serve as predictors of disease severity in childhood AR and appear to be promising targets for modulating AR.
... In contrast, nasal mucosal expression upon rhinovirus exposure showed expression changes in IL-1b, IL-24, MMP-10, but also in lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) expression, indicating that lipid mediators are involved in early activation of the epithelium (140). The Th2-promoting alarmin TSLP was increased in polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis (141), and also, osteopontin was detectable in nasal tissues both in infiltrating cells and within the epithelial layer (142). Taken together, CCL-11 and CCL-26 are epithelium-derived indicators of Th2-driven, eosinophilic asthma and correlate with airway function, while osteopontin appears to be related to a neutrophil asthma phenotype and indicates disease severity. ...
Diagnosis early in life, sensitization, asthma endotypes, monitoring of disease and treatment progression are key motivations for the exploration of biomarkers for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. The number of genes related to allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma increases steadily, however prognostic genes have not yet entered clinical application. We hypothesize that the combination of multiple genes may generate biomarkers with prognostic potential. The current review attempts to group more than 161 different potential biomarkers involved in respiratory inflammation to pave the way for future classifiers. The potential biomarkers are categorized into either epithelial or infiltrate-derived or mixed origin, epithelial biomarkers. Furthermore surface markers were grouped into cell-type specific categories. The current literature provides multiple biomarkers for potential asthma endotypes that are related to T cell phenotypes such as Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and Tregs and their lead cytokines. Eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma endotypes are also classified by epithelium-derived CCL-26 and osteopontin, respectively. There are currently about 20 epithelium-derived biomarkers exclusively derived from epithelium, which are likely to innovate biomarker panels as they are easy to sample. This article systematically reviews and categorizes genes and collects current evidence that may promote these biomarkers to become part of allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma classifiers with high prognostic value. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... The role of OPN in the pathogenesis and severity of allergic diseases including allergic conjunctivitis [16] , al-lergic rhinitis [17,18] and asthma [19][20][21] , in particular, have been investigated in several studies performed predominantly in adult patients. OPN had initially emerged as a key cytokine involved in Th1 immune responses; however, recent findings also established a role of OPN in Th2-related diseases, including asthma. ...
Background:
Venom immunotherapy (VIT) has its effect by modulating various mediators resulting in immune tolerance. The aim of this study was to measure changes in plasma osteopontin (OPN) and serum basal tryptase (sBT) levels over the course of 1 year of VIT in children with venom allergy.
Methods:
Children who suffered from a large local reaction (LLR) or a systemic reaction (SR) after insect stings were included along with control subjects. Measurements were performed before the initiation of VIT and 6 and 12 months after it had been started.
Results:
A total of 58 children (24 with SR, 18 with LLR and 16 control subjects) with a median age of 9.5 years (range 6.7-12.8) were enrolled. The plasma OPN levels of patients with LLR [median 1,477 ng/ml, interquartile range (IQR) 1,123-1,772] were significantly higher than patients with SR (882 ng/ml, 579-1,086; p < 0.001) and healthy control subjects (1,015 ng/ml, 815-1,203; p = 0.002). A significant increase in plasma OPN levels in children was determined after the 1-year VIT. The sBT levels of children with SR (4.1 ng/ml, 3.6-5.8) were significantly higher than children with LLR (3.1 ng/ml, 2.5-4.0) and control subjects (3.0 ng/ml, 2.9-3.8; p = 0.001). There was no significant change in the sBT levels of the patients after the 1-year VIT.
Conclusions:
The results of our study showed higher baseline levels of OPN in children with LLR compared to control subjects and children with SR. In children with SR, OPN levels were increased after the 1-year VIT. Our results may suggest a possible association between OPN and successful VIT in children.
... To the Editor, Osteopontin (OPN), originally characterized as a TH1 cytokine [1], has recently been associated with allergic inflammation [2]. Our group has extensively studied OPN's role in the context of allergy and asthma [3][4][5][6][7]. Thus, we read with great interest the article by Hillas et al. in the latest issue of your journal [8]. ...
... OPN's exact role in smoking-aggravated airway inflammation is yet to be explored. control non-smoker, [3] a non-smoking asthmatic and [2] its corresponding isotype control, [4] a control smoker and [5] a smoking asthmatic. The region selected in [5] is presented in higher magnification in [6]. ...
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease with complex pathological mechanisms representing different phenotypes, including severe asthma. The airway epithelium is a major site of complex pathological changes in severe asthma due, in part, to activation of inflammatory and immune mechanisms in response to noxious agents. Current imaging procedures are unable to accurately measure epithelial and airway remodeling. Damage of airway epithelial cells occurs is linked to specific phenotypes and endotypes which provides an opportunity for the identification of biomarkers reflecting epithelial, and airway, remodeling. Identification of patients with more severe epithelial disruption using biomarkers may also provide personalized therapeutic opportunities and/or markers of successful therapeutic intervention. Here, we review the evidence for ongoing epithelial cell dysregulation in the pathogenesis of asthma, the sentinel role of the airway epithelium and how understanding these molecular mechanisms provides the basis for the identification of candidate biomarkers for asthma prediction, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring.
Icatibant is a selective bradykinin 2 receptor antagonist, currently licensed for use in hereditary angioedema. Its benefit in ACE inhibitor angioedema is yet to be fully established. A handful of preliminary case reports suggest that it may be of benefit in reducing both symptom severity and possible hospital or intensive care admission. To date, there are no case reports of the usage of Icatibant in the emergency department in the UK. Here we report our experience of Icatibant in a 62-year-old gentleman presenting with severe oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal oedema while on an ACE inhibitor.
