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Percentage of major fatty acids profile and melting point of the subcutaneous backfat outer and inner layers according to dietary treatment.
Source publication
Twenty-four castrated male (Duroc × Large Withe × Landrace) with an average weight of 69.4 kg were randomly distributed and located in individual cages and given the experimental diets. Diets were provided ad libitum and were formulated containing three levels of palm oil and hydropalm (hydrogenated palm stearine): 4% and 0% (low saturation), 2% an...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... dietary treatment affected significantly to C18:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:2 n-6, AESFA and AEPUFA proportions of subcutaneous backfat outer and inner layers, but had no significant effect on AEMUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) proportion of subcutaneous backfat outer layer (Table 3). As can be observed from Table 3 the diet saturation led to an increase of C18:0 and AESFA pro- portions and to a reduction of C18: 1 n-9, C18:2 n-6 and AEPUFA proportions in outer and inner subcutaneous backfat layers. ...Context 2
... dietary treatment affected significantly to C18:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:2 n-6, AESFA and AEPUFA proportions of subcutaneous backfat outer and inner layers, but had no significant effect on AEMUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) proportion of subcutaneous backfat outer layer (Table 3). As can be observed from Table 3 the diet saturation led to an increase of C18:0 and AESFA pro- portions and to a reduction of C18: 1 n-9, C18:2 n-6 and AEPUFA proportions in outer and inner subcutaneous backfat layers. These results are in agreement with data from Wiseman and Angubiade (1998) ...Similar publications
Objectives were to determine the dietary inclusion level of NaOH in a dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)-based diet needed to improve growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers, and to determine the effects of NaOH treatment of DDGS on pattern of feed intake. Based on previous research regarding the acidity of DDGS,...
The objective of this study was to determine if dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) affects the concentration of S that can be tolerated by growing and finishing cattle without adversely affecting performance. Angus cross and Bradford steers (n=114; average initial BW=252.8 kg) were blocked by BW and breed, and randomly assigned within a block to t...
Citations
... Similarly, Benz et al. (2011) found that ADG in pigs fed soybean oil tended to be greater than those fed choice white grease, with Morgan et al. (1992) also finding improved performance with soybean oil compared to tallow. By contrast, Realini et al. (2010) reported only minor differences between a range of lipid sources on pig performance and Olivares et al. (2010) saw no effect of diet saturation on growth performance in heavy pigs. ...
Fats and oils are the major source of energy in pig diets, and – due to increasing costs, high-performing genetic lines, and the diversion of high-quality lipids away from animal feed – there is consistent interest amongst nutritionists in maximising the use of supplemental fat. The digestion and absorption of fats is a complex process, and involves three major steps including emulsion, hydrolysis and mixed micelle formation and absorption. In this review current knowledge of the principles of fat digestion and absorption in pigs is presented, along with factors influencing the available energy content of supplemental fats. Important influencing variables include fatty acid chain length and location on the triglyceride, degree of fat saturation, oxidation, free fatty acids and fat inclusion level. These factors have different impacts at different stages of the pig’s life cycle. The potential of antioxidants, exogenous emulsifiers, and other additives to improve fat utilization in pig diets is also reviewed.
... Sobre los bifes de la decimoprimera costilla se realizaron las determinaciones: área de ojo de bife (AOB), color, humedad y composición proximal. Sobre los correspondientes a la décima costilla se determinó el perfil de lípidos de la grasa intramuscular y de la grasa dorsal (Morel et al., 2006;Olivares et al., 2010;Alonso et al., 2012). ...
... Tuvieron una GMD de 895,5±0,04 g, un IC promedio de 2,4±0,3 y el 53±0,8% de magro. Resultados similares de crecimiento y engorde fueron obtenidos por Olivares et al. (2010) quienes utilizaron dietas formuladas a base de maíz y trigo con el agregado de ácidos grasos saturados (aceite de palma) o con ácidos grasos insaturados (soja extruida rica en C18:2 n 6). ...
Evaluación del expeller de soja en dietas de cerdos en recría y engorde ARTÍCULOS RIA / Trabajos en prensa Evaluación del expeller de soja en dietas de cerdos en recría y engorde RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta animal, calidad de la canal y de la carne de cerdos recria-dos y engordados con dietas con diferentes niveles de reemplazo de harina de soja por expeller de soja. Treinta y seis animales de 40±2 kg de peso vivo (PV) inicial fueron alimentados con 4 dietas isoproteicas (19 y 16% para recría y engorde, respectivamente) compuestas por maíz, expeller y/o harina de soja y el núcleo vitamínico mineral , determinadas por el porcentaje de inclusión del expeller de soja como oferente proteico en reemplazo de harina de soja. Los tratamientos fueron identificados como: D0: 100% harina de soja (dieta control); D33: 33,3% expeller de soja, 66,7% harina de soja; D66: 66,7% expeller de soja, 33,3% harina de soja y la D100: 100% expeller de soja. Superados los 100 kg de PV se realizó la faena. No se encontraron diferencias ni contrastes significativos (P>0,05) en los parámetros productivos evaluados. La ganancia media diaria fue de 895,5±0,04 g, el índice de conversión promedio de 2,4±0,33 y el 53±0,86% de magro. Los tratamientos establecidos no tuvieron efectos significativos (P>0,05) sobre las características físicas de la carcasa. Los valores promedios de pH a los 45 min y 24 h post mórtem fueron de 5,95±0,22 y 5,74±0,21, respectivamente. El color se puntúo con 1,96±0,43 y el marmoleado del longissimus dorsi (LD) se valoró con 2,04±0,54 según las cartillas estándar de National Pork Producers Council (NPPC, 2000), respectivamente. Los perfiles de lípidos del LD y de la grasa subcutánea no fueron afectados por las dietas (P>0,05). Se obtuvieron en promedio un 40% de AGS, 46% de AGMI y 14% AGPI y un 42% AGS, 37,21% AGMI y un 19,79% AGPI para la grasa intramuscular del LD y la grasa subcutánea, respectivamente. El análisis económico de las dietas utilizadas determinó que, en el contexto económico actual, la utilización del expeller de soja disminuye los costos económicos de alimentación sin afectar rendimientos productivos, características de la canal ni calidad de la carne. Palabras clave: ácidos grasos, calidad de la canal, rendimiento productivo. ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of replacing soybean meal for press extruded soy beans (ExpS) in the diet on growth performance, meat quality parameters and fatty acid composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle of growing-fattening pigs. The experiment used 32 pigs. Eight animals were determined for each of following treatments: D1 (control diet) diet based on soybean meal with no ExpS, D2 which included 33.3% of ExpS and 67.3% of soybean meal, D3 which included 67.3% of ExpS and 33.3% of soybean meal, and D4 which included 100% ExpS. No treatment effects or significant contrasts were detected (P>0.05) for the parameters evaluated. Average daily weight gain was 895.5±0.04 g, the overall all average of gain: feed ratio was 2.44±0.33 and the overall lean yield was 53±0.86% across treatments. Diet treatments did not affect (P>0.05) pH at 45 min and ultimate pH (5.95±0.22 and 5.74±0.21, respectively across treatments). Color and marbling scores of 1
... Iberian and Duroc pig genotypes differ in growth, fatness, and meat composition and properties [5,11,28,29], even from early developmental stages [5,12,30]. Specifically, a phenotypic characterization of the same Iberian and Duroc pure animals employed here has been previously reported [13]. ...
In this study, we analyzed the effects of breed, diet energy source, and their interaction on adipose tissue transcriptome in growing Iberian and Duroc pigs. The study comprised 29 Iberian and 19 Duroc males, which were kept under identical management conditions except the nutritional treatment. Two isoenergetic diets were used with 6% high oleic sunflower oil (HO) or carbohydrates (CH) as energy sources. All animals were slaughtered after 47 days of treatment at an average live weight of 51.2 kg. Twelve animals from each breed (six fed each diet) were employed for ham subcutaneous adipose tissue RNA-Seq analysis. The data analysis was performed using two different bioinformatic pipelines. We detected 837 and 1456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to breed, depending on the pipeline. Due to the strong effect of breed on transcriptome, the effect of the diet was separately evaluated in the two breeds. We identified 207 and 57 DEGs depending on diet in Iberian and Duroc pigs, respectively. A joint analysis of both effects allowed the detection of some breed–diet interactions on transcriptome, which were inferred from RNA-Seq and quantitative PCR data. The functional analysis showed the enrichment of functions related to growth and tissue development, inflammatory response, immune cell trafficking, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and allowed the identification of potential regulators. The results indicate different effects of diet on adipose tissue gene expression between breeds, affecting relevant biological pathways.
... Therefore, the growth rate and fat and protein contents in the body did not differ between treatments. Previous studies carried out on pigs (30,31) and quails (6) showed similar response. In contrast, rats fed diets rich in n-6 PUFA (mainly linoleic acid (LA, C18 : 2n-6) from sunflower and soyabean oils) and broilers fed diets rich in n-3 PUFA (mainly ALA from linseed oil) had lower body fat accumulation compared with their counterparts that were fed diets rich in SFA (from beef tallow), as reported by Matsuo et al. (32) and Crespo & Esteve-Garcia (33) , Smink et al. (34) , respectively. ...
The relationships between both dietary and empty body fatty acid composition and the morphometry, densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur of growing pigs were analysed. A total of thirty-two pigs aged 115 d were divided into four groups ( n 8 per group). The pigs were fed either a control diet (group C) or a diet supplemented with linseed oil (rich in α-linolenic acid (C18 : 3 n -3), group L), fish oil (rich in EPA (C20 : 5 n -3) and DHA (C22 : 6 n -3), group F) and beef tallow (rich in SFA, group T). The diets differed in n -3 PUFA contents (0·63–18·52 g/kg) and n -6: n -3 PUFA ratios (0·91–14·51). At 165 d of age, the pigs were slaughtered and the fatty acids in the empty body were determined. Moreover, the left femur was dissected. The cortical wall thickness, cross-sectional area, cortical index, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, maximum elastic strength and maximum strength were lower ( P <0·05) in the femurs of pigs from groups C and T than in those from groups F and L. Significant positive correlations were found between the densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur and both dietary and empty body n -3 PUFA content, whereas significant negative correlations were observed between the same properties and both dietary and empty body n -6: n -3 PUFA ratio. The results of the present study suggest that in growing pigs α-linolenic acid has a similar positive effect on bone health to that of EPA and DHA.
... Different works reported no effect of dietary fat source or saturation on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs [16][17][18], matching our findings. In relation to the FA composition, our study shows significant effects of diet in both breeds and in the fatty acid profiles of both subcutaneous backfat and ham fat. ...
Meat quality depends on tissue composition which is in turn influenced by different factors, such as diet, genotype, age, or sex. We evaluated the effects of breed, 24 h fasting, and dietary energy source (HO: oleic acid versus CH: carbohydrates) on the expression of candidate genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the adipose tissue from Iberian and Duroc growing pigs. The Iberian pigs showed greater feed intake, backfat thickness, and saturated fatty acids (SFA) content in the subcutaneous fat, whereas the Duroc pigs had greater ham weight and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content. In both breeds, the diet induced changes in the fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous fat samples. The HO group had higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and oleic acid, and lower SFA than the CH group. Regarding gene expression, breed and feeding status (fasting versus postprandial) had significant effects on gene expression, with quantitative interactions between them, while diet showed negligible effects. In general, adipogenic and lipogenic genes were upregulated in the Iberian pigs and in postprandial samples. In contrast, the expression of lipolytic genes showed complex interaction effects. Our results agree with the phenotypic differences between the Iberian and Duroc breeds and with the inhibition of lipogenesis by fasting. Quantitative interactions between breed and feeding status effects were observed, which indicates a different response to fasting of the two breeds, with the obese Iberian breed showing a more stable expression of lipogenic genes. These results highlight the complexity of lipid metabolism regulation, especially in relation to lipolysis processes.
... Also, at slaughter, the body weight (152.5 kg vs 148.5 kg of mean BW for P and S groups, respectively) and backfat thickness (22.9 mm vs 21.1 mm for P and S groups, respectively) were not significantly different between them. This is in agreement with previous studies reporting no effect of dietary fat source or saturation on growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs (Kouba et al., 2003;Morel et al., 2006;Olivares, Daza, Rey, & López-Bote, 2010). ...
... Lard-type hog production is widespread in the Mediterranean region [1][2][3][4][5][6]: this semi-extensive husbandry is mostly concentrated in a few farms, with a production of between 20-40 hogs per week, slaughtered at a final body weight of between 125-135 kg [7]. Finishers are commonly fed on mixed meal diets based on raw feedstuffs, often soaked, composed of shredded cereals, legume seeds-meal, acorns and, not rarely, on grassland. ...
Background
Gastric ulcers in fattening pigs from intensive pork production can cause sudden deaths on farm and the grinding intensity of the diet appears to be among the risk factors. The objective of this work is to adopt the latest laboratory tests and thresholds for the ulcerogenic risk assessment of diets from experimental reports and verify the class of risk in relation to gastric lesion prevalence in reared finishers.
Results
Specificity and accuracy of feed safety tests based on the ulcerogenic risk of feed associated with the particle size distribution of diets were calculated on the occurrence of gastric lesions observed at a slaughterhouse: 41 lard-type hogs, fed with two diets [pelleted (n = 21 pigs) vs. mixed meal (n = 20 pigs)], analyzed at the laboratory of our Institute, were involved. Gross inspection at the abattoir allowed the identification of the development of macroscopic gastric lesions in the pigs (13/21) fed with a pelleted complete diet, ranked in Class 1 (high ulcerogenic risk) on laboratory assessment. Breakdown of gastric lesion severity: hyperkeratosis (13/13), mucosal erosions (11/13) and bleeding ulcers (2/13). This occurrence was compared to the morphology of stomach mucosa from 20 finishers fed with a mixed meal diet, ranked in Class 3 (low ulcerogenic risk), in which no gastric lesions were observed. Very fine particle (VFP) mass (<0.4 mm) according to cut off thresholds (>36%) for the safety ranking of diets, showed: 100% positive predictive value (PPV); 100% specificity; 88.1% accuracy; 72.2% sensitivity.
Conclusions
Three factors emerged: the elevated mass (42.6%) of <0.4 mm particles in the pelleted complete diet confirmed the associated risk rank in Class 1 assessed by laboratory procedures, as gastric lesions were selectively observed in 61.9% of finishers fed with the high risk diet; in these animals, macroscopic gastric lesions occurred within four weeks and showed a sub-clinical course, independently of severity; proper sieving analysis is necessary to define the VFP proportion in feedstuffs with certainty, as an adequate measure to assess the ulcerogenic risk class of the diet.
... In different Mediterranean Countries, typical lard-type hog productions are often based on free ranged pig farming [1][2][3][4][5][6]. That way, pigs can directly consume ripe acorns (oak fruits) from the ground or into mixed meal diets: in the latter case, acorns are collected by the breeder and administered to ranged finishers, in combinations with other raw feedstuffs. ...
... Fatty acid composition in meat producing animals has received considerable interest in view of its implications for human health and meat quality (De Smet et al., 2004;Wood et al., 2004). Several factors can modify the composition of fat deposits, among them species, breed, carcass fatness, anatomical location, gender and diet (Alonso et al., 2009;De Smet et al., 2004;Olivares et al., 2010;Wood et al., 2008). ...
... Yorkshiresired hybrids also showed a tendency to have higher contents of C18:3n-3 and EPA (C20:5n-3) acids in SM, and this resulted in more favorable PUFA/SFA ratio (p < 0.05), AI (p ¼ 0.072) and TI (p < 0.05) compared with Landrace-sired hybrids. On the other hand, the problems of low fat consistency during processing are related with high linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) contents (Olivares et al., 2010). There were no significant differences in the SFA of intramuscular fat from both muscles between the genders. ...
The effect of dietary fats differing in fatty acid (FA) composition on the metabolism of saturated FA (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) in growing pigs was investigated. The deposition of FA in the body and the fate of individual dietary FA were assessed after slaughter. Gilts with an initial body weight (BW) of 60 kg were used as experimental animals. Six pigs were slaughtered at 60 kg BW, while further 18 pigs received three isoenergetic and isonitrogen experimental diets containing linseed oil, rapeseed oil or beef tallow at 50 g/kg diet until they reached 105 kg (six pigs per group). The chemical composition and the content of FA in the whole body were determined and compared across groups. Regardless of dietary treatment, the whole body contained similar amounts of protein, fat and total FA. The total accumulation (percentage of net intake and de novo production) of SFA and MUFA was similar in all groups, but the processes of elongation and desaturation of SFA and MUFA depended upon the type of FA added to the diet. A high dietary content and intake of MUFA inhibits desaturation compared to SFA- and PUFA-rich diets, whereas a high SFA content and intake lowers elongation rate. The increasing net intake of total SFA and MUFA was associated with a lower total de novo production of these FA in the whole body of pigs.
