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Peperomia paramuna. General habit of 2 individual plants (center). A, part of rachis (fruiting). B, floral bract. C, anther. D, tuber. E, leaf nervation (abaxially).
Source publication
Peperomia subgenus Tildenia is a poorly known group of geophytic species occuring in seasonal habitats in 2 biodiversity hot spots (Mexico-Guatemala and Peru-Bolivia) with few species reported from the countries in between. Recent fieldwork combined with detailed study of herbarium specimens of this subgenus in Mexico and Central America resulted i...
Similar publications
This paper reports a method of propagating Peperomia ‘Red Ripple’3 from leaf discs in vitro .
Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disorder leading to bone fracture which adversely impacts the quality of life. In the present, we aimed to investigate the effect of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth herb juice and ethanolic extract on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic rat model. Osteoporosis was induced by OVX with a double dorsolateral appr...
Neste estudo, avaliamos a composição florística de epífitos vasculares em remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semedicidual na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim, sul do estado do Espírito Santo, com o intuito de analisar sua similaridade com outras florestas semidecidual estudadas no Brasil. Excursões quinzenais foram realizadas entre junho de 2...
Nuclear DNA contents were measured in eight species of Peperomia (2n = 22, 33, 44, 66). Formaldehyde fixations show more reliable results than those with acetic alcohol. The diploid species vary significantly in chromosome size and DNA-content. Increasing chromosome length is directly correlated with increased DNA-amounts/chromosome in all the spec...
Citations
... The apparent two 'centers of origin' are rather 'centers of collecting'. In the case of subgenus Tildenia, thorough fieldwork indeed revealed geophytic Peperomia occurrences in between the two classical hot spots (Mathieu et al., 2011). So far, such intermediate locations have not been found for subgenus Panicularia. ...
Currently comprising less than a dozen of accepted species, subgenus Panicularia Miq. occupies a modest place within the large pantropical genus Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. that has more than 1500 species. The subgenus was thought to be restricted to South America, but a new member, presented here as Peperomia inversa G.Mathieu, shows up in Mexico. It is here described, illustrated and documented based on field observations and an extensive herbarium study in 63 herbaria. Its relationships, distribution and conservation status are discussed. The new species is endemic to the states of Jalisco, Guerrero, Michoacán and Oaxaca where it occurs at an elevation of 320–1500 m. It is considered as Vulnerable.
... Peperomia (Ruiz & Pavón, 1794), was the name chosen to distinguish some species previously described by Linnaeus as Piper, and its first species were described in Peru (Ruiz and Pavón 1798). It is the second largest genus of the family Piperaceae after Piper, with a pantropical distribution of about 1,600 species (Samain et al. 2009;Mathieu et al. 2011;Samain et al. 2011). Most of them occur in the Neotropics, and approximately 400 species can be found in Peru (Trelease 1936). ...
The Saña River Valley in Northern Peru is unusual for the western slopes of the Peruvian Andes because of its nearly year-round regime of precipitation instead of marked seasonal dry winters. This results in unexpected plant diversity. We surveyed the species of Peperomia (Piperaceae), occurring in this valley from 300 to 3000 m elevation, based on the study of specimens from ten herbaria and field collections, resulting in a total of 81 accessions, of which 48 were made by the authors. We found 16 different taxa: Peperomia cacaophila , from Ecuador, is reported for the first time in Peru; P. cymbifolia , P. dolabriformis and P. emarginulata are reported for the first time for the Saña River Valley; other widely distributed species like P. fraseri , P. galioides , P. haematolepis , P. hispidula , P. inaequalifolia , P. microphylla , and P. rotundata were also found. Five species new to science are described: P. pilocarpa , P. riosaniensis , close to P. palmiformis from Amazonas; P. sagasteguii , related to P. trinervis , P. symmankii , close to P. ricardofernandezii from Piura, and P. vivipara , related to P. alata. A key to the species of Peperomia from the Saña River Valley, based on vegetative characters, is provided.
... Afterwards, some additional species were described (Trelease 1936;Rauh and Kimnach 1987;Pino 2004, Pino 2008, Pino et al., 2005, and revised (Rauh 1989); leading to a total of approximately 30 species, until Samain et al. (2011) and Mathieu et al. (2011) reviewed the whole subgenus, emending its description, describing 14 more species from Bolivia and Peru, raising two subspecies to species level, and clarifying the status of P. peruviana Dahlstedt. Symmank et al. (2011), in their biogeographical analysis considering 49 of approximately 60 species of Peperomia subgenus Tildenia, established it as one of the early diverging lineages of Peperomia, ranging from northern Argentina to Mexico in two well-defined centers, a southern one (Andes of Peru and Bolivia, with the highest diversity in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone) and a northern one (Mexico around the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Guatemala. ...
Two new geophytic species of Peperomia subgenus Tildenia (Piperaceae) from Central Peru are described; (1) Peperomia pachyspadix is a new species from Huancavelica. It is phenotypically similar to P. andina from Cajamarca, but its leaves are not as thick and they lack the funnel shape and purple color of the abaxial side; it is also similar to P. wernerrauhii from Hunuco, but its leaves and tubers are larger. The new species can be distinguished from the abovementioned ones by the spadix, many times shorter and twice as thick. The seeds of P. andina, P. wernerrauhii and P. pachyspadix are similar in shape but the latter has the largest of all three. (2) Peperomia fundus-oculi is a new species with epigeous tuber discovered on the eastern Andean slopes of Ayacucho. Plants are morphologically like P. chutanka for its exposed and branched aerial tubers. Its leaves have a shape similar to this species but are not as succulent, they lack the purplish color of the abaxial side, and they have a characteristic pattern on its adaxial side, with a whitish iridescent spot in the center, with irregular margins, from where nerves emerge, giving the impression of the eye fundus, hence its name in Latin. Its anthers, ovaries, and fruits are also shorter than those of P. chutanka.
... 1997;Hunt, 1998;Ordoñez-López, 1998;Herrera-Arieta, 2001;Martínez et al,. 2002;Steinmann, 2002;Domínguez, 2005;Abascal-Aguirre, 2006;Elias-Gózales, 2006;Bailey et al. 2007;Zumaya, 2008;Cohen y Davis, 2009;Maya y Agudelo, 2009;Cadena-Rodríguez, 2011;Cerda-Lemus, 2011;Fragoso, 2011;MacVaugh, 2011;Mathieu et al. 2011;Ramírez, 2011;Rincón-Gutiérrez, 2011;Carrillo-Reyes y Pérez-Ferrera, 2012;Sánchez-Ken et al., 2012;Torres, 2012;Anderson, 2013;Martínez-Gordillo, 2013; 2013; Alvarado-Cárdenas y Morales, 2014;), así como la revisión de páginas especializadas en internet para la revisión y cotejo de los ejemplares tales como http: //www.tropicos.org/, http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp, ...
... Most Peperomia species present leaves with specialized tissues for water storage, with the degree of succulence varying considerably according to foliar morphology (Kaul, 1997) and several geophytic species have been described (Mathieu et al., 2011). The main form of seed dispersal occurs through resinous seeds that can stick to the feet, fur, and feathers of birds, bats, and insects (Valdebenito et al., 1990). ...
Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK (Piperaceae) (“jabuti herb”) is an herbaceous plant that is widespread in the tropics and has several ethnomedicinal uses. The phytochemical study of leaf extracts resulted in the isolation of 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone, 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, dillapiol, and sesamin in addition to pellucidin A. The co-occurrence of styrene and cyclobutane dimers suggested the formation of pellucidin A by a photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition of two molecules of 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene. To investigate this biogenesis, analysis of plant leaves throughout ontogeny and treatments such as drought, herbivory and, exposure to jasmonic acid and UV365 light were carried out. Significant increases in the content of dillapiol (up to 86.0%) were found when P. pellucida plants were treated with jasmonic acid, whereas treatment under UV365 light increase the pellucidin A content (193.2%). The biosynthetic hypothesis was examined by feeding various ¹³C-labeled precursors, followed by analysis with GC-MS, which showed incorporation of L-(2-¹³C)-phenylalanine (0.72%), (8-¹³C)-cinnamic acid (1.32%), (8-¹³C)-ferulic acid (0.51%), (8-¹³C)-2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (7.5%), and (8-¹³C)-2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene (12.8%) into pellucidin A. The enzymatic conversion assays indicated decarboxylation of 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid into 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, which was subsequently dimerized into pellucidin A under UV light. Taken together, the biosynthesis of pellucidin A in P. pellucida involves a sequence of reactions starting with L-phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, which then decarboxylates to form 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene and then is photochemically dimerized to produce pellucidin A.
... Peperomia blanda is a herb species that is naturally distributed in Madagascar, Yemen, Macarena Island, Taiwan, Polynesia, Australia and also in Florida, USA to South America (Mathieu et al., 2011). P. blanda, cultivated on Socotra Island (Yemen), remains poorly studied. ...
Background
Peperomia belongs to the family of Piperaceae. It has different uses in folk medicine and contains rare compounds that have led to increased interest in this genus. Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth is used as an injury disinfectant by Yemeni people. In addition, the majority of Yemen’s population still depend on the traditional remedy for serious diseases such as cancer, inflammation and infection. Currently, there is a deficiency of scientific evidence with regards to the medicinal plants from Yemen. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the chemical profile and in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of P. blanda.
Methods
Chemical profiling of P. blanda was carried out using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) followed by isolation of bioactive compounds by column chromatography. DPPH• and FRAP assays were used to evaluate antioxidant activity and the MTT assay was performed to estimate the cytotoxicity activity against three cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7, HL-60 and WEHI-3, and three normal cell lines, MCF10A, WRL-68 and HDFa.
Results
X-ray crystallographic data for peperomin A is reported for the first time here and N,N ′-diphenethyloxamide was isolated for the first time from Peperomia blanda . Methanol and dichloromethane extracts showed high radical scavenging activity with an IC 50 of 36.81 ± 0.09 µg/mL, followed by the dichloromethane extract at 61.78 ± 0.02 µg/mL, whereas the weak ferric reducing activity of P. blanda extracts ranging from 162.2 ± 0.80 to 381.5 ± 1.31 µg/mL were recorded. In addition, petroleum ether crude extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against all the tested cancer cell lines with IC 50 values of 9.54 ± 0.30, 4.30 ± 0.90 and 5.39 ± 0.34 µg/mL, respectively. Peperomin A and the isolated mixture of phytosterol (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) exhibited cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and WE-HI cell lines with an IC 50 of (5.58 ± 0.47, 4.62 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and (8.94 ± 0.05, 9.84 ± 0.61 µg/mL), respectively, compared to a standard drug, taxol, that has IC 50 values of 3.56 ± 0.34 and 1.90 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion
The activities of P. blanda extracts and isolated compounds recorded in this study underlines the potential that makes this plant a valuable source for further study on anticancer and antioxidant activities.
... For instance, a series of expeditions focusing on the genus Peperomia were carried out in the last decade throughout the whole Neotropical region, combined with a detailed herbarium study. These efforts resulted in the discovery of 37 new taxa of Peperomia subgenera Tildenia and Fenestratae, which until then where little known groups of geophytic and window-leaved species, respectively, both occurring in very specific seasonal habitats (Mathieu et al., 2011;Pino, Cieza, Wanke, & Samain, 2012;Samain et al., 2011). The abovementioned strikingly high number of species new to science emphasizes the importance and the need of field work in the (sub)tropics focusing on specific plant groups and the thorough review of herbarium material (Prance, Beentje, Dransfield, & Johns, 2000;Sobral & Stehmann, 2009).Bebber et al. (2010)suggest that, of the estimated 70,000 flowering plant species still to be described, more than half already have been collected and are stored in herbaria. ...
We present an overview of the diversity, distribution and conservation status of all 60 species of the genus Peperomia (‘radiator plants’, Piperaceae), which are currently known from the state of Veracruz in Mexico, including a taxonomically updated reference list that includes information about life form, overall distribution, endemism and occurrence in Mexican states and municipalities of Veracruz. Specifically, for this latter state we provide information on elevational range, habitat and distinguishing characters useful for identification or uses. Moreover, we realize an assessment of conservation status considering IUCN Red List categories and criteria at regional level. About 45% of Peperomia species from Veracruz belong to a threatened category, mainly because of the continued loss and fragmentation of natural habitats.
... The majority of Peperomia species are epiphytic and a few terrestrial. The genus occurs mostly in humid and shady forests, and less frequently in dry forests and grasslands (Mathieu et al. 2011). In Bangladesh, this genus is represented by a single species Peperomia pellucida (L.) H. B. & K. (Ahmed et al. 2009). ...
The present study deals with the karyomorphological features of Peperomia pellucida (L.) H. B. & K. after differential staining with orcein, CMA and DAPI. The interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes were stained homogeneously with orcein. This species was found to possess 2n = 46 metacentric chromosomes. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was 148.81 μm. Individual chromosome length ranged from 2.63 to 4.31 μm. The relative length of each chromosome ranged from 0.02 to 0.03. No CMA-band was found in this species. Two similar sized bright and prominent DAPI positive bands were observed in each and every interphase, prophase and metaphase stages indicating persisting nature of these AT-rich repeats. In addition, five DAPI-positive bands were observed at different locations of metaphase chromosomes. Except 2n chromosome number the karyomorphological and fluorescent banding information probably is the first report for this species and it may help to enhance the chromosomal data base of this plant species in Bangladesh.
... Peperomia (Piperaceae, Black Pepper relatives) is the only genus among the early diverging angiosperms ("basal angiosperms", i.e., lineages which diverged prior to monocots and eudicots) where epiphytism evolved (Isnard et al., 2012). Among flowering plants, Peperomia comprises the largest number of epiphytic species in a genus apart from some orchid genera and Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) (Zotz, 2013) and it is listed among the ten most species-rich flowering plant genera in general (1606 species) (Frodin, 2004;Samain et al., 2009Samain et al., , 2011Mathieu et al., 2011;Frenzke et al., 2015). The genus is pantropically distributed with the highest diversity in the Neotropics (Wanke et al., 2006;Smith et al., 2008;Samain et al., 2011;Pino et al., 2012), where it is a notable component of the epiphytic (Barthlott et al., 2001;Krömer et al., 2007) and terrestrial Samain et al., 2011) flora in a wide range of vegetation types. ...
The species-rich genus Peperomia (Black Pepper relatives) is the only genus among early diverging angiosperms where epiphytism evolved. The majority of fruits of Peperomia release sticky secretions or exhibit hook-shaped appendages indicative of epizoochorous dispersal, which is in contrast to other flowering plants, where epiphytes are generally characterized by fruit morphological adaptations for anemochory or endozoochory. We investigate fruit characters using Cryo-SEM. Comparative phylogenetic analyses are applied for the first time to include life form and fruit character information to study diversification in Peperomia. Likelihood ratio tests uncover correlated character evolution. We demonstrate that diversification within Peperomia is not homogenous across its phylogeny, and that net diversification rates increase by twofold within the most species-rich subgenus. In contrast to former land plant studies that provide general evidence for increased diversification in epiphytic lineages, we demonstrate that the evolution of epiphytism within Peperomia predates the diversification shift. An epiphytic-dependent diversification is only observed for the background phylogeny. An elevated frequency of life form transitions between epiphytes and terrestrials and thus evolutionary flexibility of life forms is uncovered to coincide with the diversification shift. The evolution of fruits showing dispersal related structures is key to diversification in the foreground region of the phylogeny and postdates the evolution of epiphytism. We conclude that the success of Peperomia, measured in species numbers, is likely the result of enhanced vertical and horizontal dispersal ability and life form flexibility but not the evolution of epiphytism itself.
... Las forma de vida también son variadas, hay hierbas rupícolas y terrestres, sin embargo cuenta con muchos representantes de hierbas epífitas, incluso a una misma especie se le puede encontrar como epífita, rupícola y terrestre ). Existen también geófitas que generalmente crecen bajo condiciones áridas y aparece solo durante una temporada del año; estas plantas se caracterizan por poseer tubérculos subterráneos (Wanke et al., 2006;Mathieu et al. 2011;Samain et al., 2009Samain et al., , 2011. Desde el punto de vista metabólico, Peperomia resulta ser muy interesante ya que las hojas presentan diferentes capas de tejido y cada capa muestra una actividad fotosintética diferente (Nishio y Ting, 1987;Holthe et al., 1992). ...
... Las forma de vida también son variadas, hay hierbas rupícolas y terrestres, sin embargo cuenta con muchos representantes de hierbas epífitas, incluso a una misma especie se le puede encontrar como epífita, rupícola y terrestre ). Existen también geófitas que generalmente crecen bajo condiciones áridas y aparece solo durante una temporada del año; estas plantas se caracterizan por poseer tubérculos subterráneos (Wanke et al., 2006;Mathieu et al. 2011;Samain et al., 2009Samain et al., , 2011. Desde el punto de vista metabólico, Peperomia resulta ser muy interesante ya que las hojas presentan diferentes capas de tejido y cada capa muestra una actividad fotosintética diferente (Nishio y Ting, 1987;Holthe et al., 1992). ...
... En el año 2007, investigadores de las Universidades de Gante, Bélgica y Dresden, Alemania en conjunto con botánicos mexicanos de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México realizaron una exploración botánica por diferentes estados de México como Chiapas, Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco, Oaxaca y Veracruz, donde fueron encontradas varias especies nuevas de Peperomia (Mathieu, 2011). Igualmente, diferentes especies fueron colectadas para futuros estudios filogenéticos. ...
Presentación
La presente investigación busca ampliar el conocimiento sobre la diversidad y distribución del género Peperomia (Piperaceae) en el estado de Veracruz.
El primer capítulo muestra las generalidades sobre el estudio, los objetivos que éste pretende alcanzar a corto y largo plazo, la descripción del área de estudio y la metodología empleada. Así mismo se describe la morfología, anatomía, ecología y distribución de las especies, haciendo además mención de los trabajos realizados con anterioridad.
En el capítulo 2 se presenta el análisis de la diversidad y distribución de las especies en el estado, mencionando las características distintivas de cada una de ellas y su estado de conservación.
El capítulo 3 muestra las descripciones de cuatro nuevas especies para la ciencia, resultado de la exhaustiva revisión de ejemplares de herbario y de las colectas propias realizadas durante el desarrollo del presente estudio.
Finalmente, en el capítulo 4 se presenta la conclusión general, así como el planteamiento de estrategias y planes a futuro en materia de conservación y preservación de las especies estudiadas.
Resumen general
Peperomia (Piperaceae) es un género de plantas herbáceas con aproximadamente 1,600 especies, cuya distribución principal comprende las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. Sin embargo, la mayor concentración de éstas se encuentra en Centro- y Sudamérica, donde una gran parte de las especies son nativas de los Andes y la región amazónica, mientras que un número menor se ha encontrado en África, Asia y Oceanía. Comúnmente las especies de este género, se encuentran como plantas epífitas, terrestres o geófitas, mostrando características de suculencia en áreas con una elevación mayor.
El conocimiento de Peperomia en México es aun escaso, a pesar de que es uno de los géneros con mayor número de especies en el país; esto debido a lo difícil de su identificación, existencia de muchos sinónimos y la persistencia de nombres ilegítimos. La cifra actual para el país es de 131 especies aproximadamente, ocupando el quinto lugar de riqueza de Peperomia en el mundo. Considerando la falta de información sobre su diversidad, distribución y estado de conservación, surge la necesidad de mejorar el conocimiento florístico y ecológico, mediante una amplia revisión taxonómica y el análisis de los patrones de distribución actual, debido a la destrucción de los hábitats naturales, ya que muchas especies podrían encontrase amenazadas o en peligro de extinción. Bajo este motivo, en los años 2005 a 2013 se realizaron viajes a diversas localidades y tipos de vegetación en Veracruz, con el fin de recolectar y herborizar material de Peperomia. Además, se consultaron y fotografiaron colecciones botánicas de ocho herbarios nacionales y 36 extranjeros, se revisaron y analizaron 1,721 colectas de herbario con duplicados, haciendo un total de 3,064 muestras, cuya determinación fue verificada. Se realizó un análisis de distribución y hábitat para determinar el estado de conservación de cada especie, especialmente para las endémicas, siguiendo los criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN. En total se registraron 60 especies de Peperomia en Veracruz, equivalente al 45.8% de las 131 registradas para México. Se consideran 19 endémicas para el país y ocho para el estado, de las cuales 26 especies fueron clasificadas en alguna categoría de riesgo, es decir el 43% de las especies presentes en el estado podrían estar propensas a desaparecer localmente. Sin embargo, el hallazgo de cuatro especies propuestas como nuevas para la ciencia, es indicador de la necesidad de realizar más trabajo de campo y revisiones taxonómicas en diferentes géneros de plantas, sobre todo en aquellos carentes de estudios especializados y detallados.
