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Pearson correlation and Mantel test between (A) the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities and soil physicochemical properties and (B) the Random Forest calculated contribution of soil physicochemical properties to the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities at different stages of afforestation by aerial sowing in the northeastern Tengger Desert, China. Significance level, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and n.s., not significant.
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It was previously reported that afforestation in the desert can help improve soil texture, carbon accumulation, and nutrient status. However, the effects of afforestation on soil microbial composition, diversity, and microbial interactions with soil physicochemical properties have been rarely evaluated quantitatively. Using the method of space-for-...
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... analysis showed that SOC, TC, EC, pH, and TP had significant contributions to the abundance of fungi; these soil properties could explain 18.12% of the total variance ( Figure 5D). Mantel's test showed that the α-diversity of bacterial communities was significantly correlated with TC, Ca, and EC; in addition to these three factors, fungal communities were also significantly correlated with SOC ( Figure 6A). It was confirmed by the Random Forest that TC, Ca, and EC had significant contributions to the richness and diversity of the bacterial community; besides these three factors, TN, SOC, K, Mg, and AP also had significant contributions to the richness and diversity of the fungal community ( Figure 6B). ...
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... test showed that the α-diversity of bacterial communities was significantly correlated with TC, Ca, and EC; in addition to these three factors, fungal communities were also significantly correlated with SOC ( Figure 6A). It was confirmed by the Random Forest that TC, Ca, and EC had significant contributions to the richness and diversity of the bacterial community; besides these three factors, TN, SOC, K, Mg, and AP also had significant contributions to the richness and diversity of the fungal community ( Figure 6B). ...
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... analysis showed that SOC, TC, EC, pH, and TP had significant contributions to the abundance of fungi; these soil properties could explain 18.12% of the total variance ( Figure 5D). Mantel's test showed that the α-diversity of bacterial communities was significantly correlated with TC, Ca, and EC; in addition to these three factors, fungal communities were also significantly correlated with SOC ( Figure 6A). It was confirmed by the Random Forest that TC, Ca, and EC had significant contributions to the richness and diversity of the bacterial community; besides these three factors, TN, SOC, K, Mg, and AP also had significant contributions to the richness and diversity of the fungal community ( Figure 6B). . ...
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... test showed that the α-diversity of bacterial communities was significantly correlated with TC, Ca, and EC; in addition to these three factors, fungal communities were also significantly correlated with SOC ( Figure 6A). It was confirmed by the Random Forest that TC, Ca, and EC had significant contributions to the richness and diversity of the bacterial community; besides these three factors, TN, SOC, K, Mg, and AP also had significant contributions to the richness and diversity of the fungal community ( Figure 6B). . Pearson correlation and Mantel test between (A) the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities and soil physicochemical properties and (B) the Random Forest calculated contribution of soil physicochemical properties to the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities at different stages of afforestation by aerial sowing in the northeastern Tengger Desert, China. ...
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... dominant phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, accounted for a considerable proportion and varied insignificantly between stages of afforestation, which was inconsistent with the biological soil crusts of the surrounding site planted by shrubs in Tengger Desert [34]. This result may be attributable to a discrepancy in recovery time, which is more than 15 years for bacteria but ranges from Figure 6. Pearson correlation and Mantel test between (A) the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities and soil physicochemical properties and (B) the Random Forest calculated contribution of soil physicochemical properties to the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities at different stages of afforestation by aerial sowing in the northeastern Tengger Desert, China. ...
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... a consequence, we speculate that the topsoil salt accumulation of xerophytes via salt secretion accelerated the development of the secondary dominant bacterial community (Figure 1) and thus increased soil carbon during the first 20 years (Table S2). Compared to the bacterial community, the soil physicochemical properties were not related to the abundance of the dominant fungal community ( Figure 5C) but did significantly contribute to the diversity of the fungal community ( Figure 6). This result suggests that the soil's physicochemical properties have positive effects on rare taxa with narrow niches, thus improving the diversity of the fungal community, which could explain why the dominant phyla of the fungal community were not significantly different between stages of afforestation ( Figure 1C,D). ...
Citations
... Similar trends were observed during the afforestation of xerophytic shrubs in the Tengger Desert, China (Chen et al., 2023). Understanding the responses and underlying mechanisms of different soil microbial groups to afforestation over years in arid regions is crucial for accurately assessing the potential impact of afforestation on the ecological services provided by the soil. ...
Understanding the influence of afforestation on soil microorganisms, the major drivers of soil processes, is essential for maintaining soil health and sustainability. However, in a desert-oasis ecotone, variations in the microbial community along shrub afforestation years remain unclear. We conducted a metagenomic analysis to study the temporal changes in microbial community structure in 0-100 cm soil following 3-, 7-, and 10-year afforestation of Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. on the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert. Compared to the unreclaimed desert land, in 3-year or 7-year stands, soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium (AK) contents significantly increased on average by 60%, 852%, 72%, and 299%, respectively. Soil archaeal and bacterial community composition were significantly affected by afforestation; their α-diversity increased on average by 5.9% and 11.1%, respectively, after afforestation, showing a unimodal pattern along afforestation years. In contrast, fungal α-diversity and community composition did not show significant variation over the afforestation period. The influence of AK outweighed that of SOC and other nutrients on soil microbial community composition. These findings suggest that T. ramosissima afforestation in the desert-oasis eco-tone has significant impacts on the community composition and α-diversity of archaea and bacteria, but not fungi, by modifying soil physicochemical properties. This research provides valuable implications for soil management and microbial processes related to the afforestation of salt-secreting shrubs.
... At phylum level, the data revealed a significant presence of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria (Figure 1), two key bacterial phyla in soil ecological processes (Huang et al., 2014;Deng et al., 2018). Actinobacteria are essential decomposers of organic matter, releasing nutrients crucial for plant growth and producing antibiotics and hormones (Kopecky et al., 2011;Lewin et al., 2016;Chen et al., 2023). Meanwhile, Proteobacteria contribute to nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and plant health (Wei et al., 2018;Mhete et al., 2020;Zhou et al., 2023). ...
Citrus cultivation is vital to global agriculture, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the soil microbiome’s diversity for sustainable practices. This study provides initial insights into the bacteriome in citrus crops in Santander, Colombia, employing a holistic approach combining culture-based techniques, sequencing methods, and bioinformatics analyses. The study explores organic and non-organic cultivation systems, revealing statistically significant differences in bacterial community composition between both practices. In general, the communities are dominated by members of the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, along with bacterial orders Gaiellales and Burkholderiales, all contributing to intricate ecological processes. Culture-based methods aided in the isolation of potential biotechnologically relevant strains. Among them, strain CP102 showed a pronounced carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) degradation capacity. Genetic analysis of the isolate resulted in the generation of the first closed genome of a member of the species Enterobacter soli and identified an unreported 109 kb plasmid. Further genomic examination revealed genes potentially associated with cellulose degradation in this species, which provides the isolate with biotechnological potential. This research significantly advances the global understanding of citrus-associated bacteriomes, shaping future agricultural practices and promoting the development of sustainable bioproducts.
... According to our hypothesis, our study demonstrated that the afforestation of bare sandy lands can significantly improve the physicochemical properties, microbial enzyme activity, and microbial biomass conditions in soil [31][32][33][34][35][36]. The soil moisture and nutrient conditions of the Artemisia ordosica forestland were much better than those in the soils of Figure 11. ...
... According to our hypothesis, our study demonstrated that the afforestation of bare sandy lands can significantly improve the physicochemical properties, microbial enzyme activity, and microbial biomass conditions in soil [31][32][33][34][35][36]. The soil moisture and nutrient conditions of the Artemisia ordosica forestland were much better than those in the soils of the Caragana korshinskii and Salix psammophila forestlands. ...
Soil microorganisms play crucial roles in maintaining material circulation and energy flow in desert ecosystems. However, the structure and function of soil microorganisms in different forestlands are currently unclear, restricting the use of sand-fixing plants and the understanding of forest ecosystem functions. In this study, Artemisia ordosica, Caragana korshinskii, and Salix psammophila, three types of sand-fixing forests widely distributed in the Mu Us Sandy Land, were used to explore the effects of sand-fixing forests on soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity, soil microbial biomass, microbial community structure, and inter-microbial species relationships. Soils of forestlands showed higher soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) contents than bare sandy land. The SOC in bare sandy soil was only 0.84 g kg−1, while it remained 1.55–3.46 g kg−1 in forestland soils. The TN in bare sandy land soil was 0.07 g kg−1, which was significantly lower than that in forestland soils (0.35–0.51 g kg−1). The TP in bare sandy soil was 0.18 g kg−1, significantly lower than that in forestland soils (0.46–0.69 g kg−1). Afforestation of bare sandy land improved soil microbial carbon and nitrogen contents and increased microbial enzyme activities of acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Significant differences were observed between the three forestlands and bare sandy land in terms of soil microorganisms and community composition. With the establishment of a sand-fixing forest, the alpha diversity of soil bacteria significantly improved, whereas that of soil fungi remained stable. The bacterial community comprised 33 phyla, 106 classes, 273 orders, 453 families, and 842 genera. While five fungal phyla were detected by OTUs at a similarity of 97%, bacterial and fungal community structures were affected by the organic carbon content, sand particle content, soil pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents of soils. This study is helpful for vegetation construction and protection on sandy lands from the perspective of plant-microbe interactions.
