Figure - available from: Scientific Reports
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Patients with recent compression fractures at the vertebral bodies of T11 and T12. On modified L-spine CT (a), there is no definite acute fracture at the S3 body, or at T11 and T12. However, on the modified L-spine MRI with T2WI fat saturation (b) and T1WI (c), fractures are shown at the vertebral bodies of T11, T12 (thin arrows), and the upper portion of the S3 body (thick arrow).
Source publication
This study aimed to identify concurrent thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) and sacrococcygeal (SC) fractures using a modified MRI protocol and analyze the risk factors associated with tandem fractures. We retrospectively investigated patients with MRI-confirmed TLJ fractures from January 2017 to March 2020. Patients were divided into two study groups: st...
Citations
In this paper we sought to develop and assess the reproducibility of an updated 6-point grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis based on the widely used Lee classification that more accurately describes lumbar foraminal stenosis as seen on high-resolution MRI. Grade A indicates absence of foraminal stenosis. Grades B, C, D and E indicate presence of foraminal stenosis with contact of the nerve root with surrounding anatomical structures (on one, two, three or four sides for B, C, D and E respectively) yet without morphological change of the nerve root. To each grade, a number code indicating the location of contact between the nerve root and surrounding anatomical structure(s) is appended. 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate contact of the nerve root at superior, posterior, inferior and anterior position of the borders of the lumbar foramen. Grade F indicates presence of foraminal stenosis with morphological change of the nerve root. Three readers graded the lumbar foramina of 101 consecutive patients using high-resolution T2w (and T1w) MR images with a spatial resolution of beyond 0.5 mm ³ . Interreader agreement was excellent (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.866–1). Importantly, 30.6%/31.6%/32.2% (reader 1/reader 2/ reader 3) of foramina were assigned grades that did not appear in the original Lee grading system (grades B and D). The readers found no foramen that could not be described accurately with the updated grading system. Thus, an updated 6-point grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis is reproducible and comprehensively describes lumbar foraminal stenosis as seen on high-resolution MRI.
