Table 2 - uploaded by Davis W Lamson
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Patient Kidney Function Tests
Source publication
The use of three herbal/nutritional products over a period of two months normalized blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance in a case of early functional kidney impairment. Although previous use of intravenous EDTA resolved Raynaud's syndrome symptoms, it provided little improvement to abnormal creatinine clearance.
Context in source publication
Context 1
... tion of the three supplements and repeat creati- nine clearance on October 5, 2001 showed 106 mL/min. Note in Table 2 that BUN gradually re- duced, but remained at the high end of the normal range. It is planned to follow the patient on a six- month schedule, continuing the use of the three products mentioned. ...
Citations
... This result is in line with what Marono et al. [16] observed for laying hens. Although chitin is not associated with renal functioning, some papers have reported that chitosan, produced by chitin deacetylation, was able to improve the renal function of rats and humans, and that they showed decreased serum creatinine levels [37][38][39]. ...
The present study has evaluated the effects of dietary partially-defatted black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L.) larva meal on the blood parameters, antioxidant status, and histological features of the organs of broiler ducks. A total of 192 female 3-days of age Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata domestica) were divided into four dietary treatments (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% BSF meal inclusion; 6 pens/treatment, 8 birds/pen). A total of 12 ducks/treatment (2 birds/pen) were slaughtered at 51 days of age and blood samples were collected to evaluate the haematological traits, serum protein, lipid and minerals, liver and renal function serum enzymes, plasma oxidative enzymes, and metabolites. Liver, spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius samples were submitted to histopathological investigations. Between the serum and plasma traits, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine showed a linear decrease for increasing amounts of dietary BSF meal (p <0.01); in contrast, the serum iron concentration showed a linear increase (p <0.01). Moreover, the histopathological findings were not significantly affected by the dietary BSF larva meal inclusion. The results showed that the inclusion of up to 9% BSF larva meal represents a promising feed ingredient for Muscovy duck nutrition, and improved blood traits were observed.
... The blood levels of creatinine, a byproduct of phosphocreatine breakdown in skeletal muscle (Piotrowska et al., 2011), are related to muscle mass, age, physical activity and diet (Wyss and Kaddurah-Daoukr, 2000;Rajman et al., 2006). There are no evidences in literature on the effect of chitin on renal function, but some reports (Jing et al., 1997;Davis et al., 2003;Ahmed et al., 2014) indicated that chitosan, industrially produced by chitin deacetylation, had a positive effect on renal function of rats and dogs evidenced by a decreasing serum creatinine levels. The values of BUN, lower in the HI than the SBM group, disagree with our previous findings in which this parameter was unaffected by the dietary treatments. ...
To investigate the effect of two insect meals (from Hermetia illucens, HI and Tenebrio molitor, TM larvae) on productive performance and blood profiles of Barbary partridge, ninety, seven days old partridges were divided into 5 groups (6 replicates, 3 partridges/replicate). Up to 64 d, the groups fed 5 isoproteic and isoenergetic diets: the control fed a corn-soybean meal diet (SBM group); in TM25 and TM50 groups the 25 and 50% of SBM proteins were substituted by the protein from TM, respectively; in HI25 and HI50 groups the 25 and 50% of SBM were substituted by the protein from HI, respectively. The birds fed TM25 and both the HI levels reached a higher (P < 0.01) live weight at 64 d than the control. Considering the entire experimental period the TM groups had a more favorable FCR than SBM. The carcass weights of all the insect groups were higher (P < 0.01) than the control. The weight of the full digestive tract in SBM group was the highest (P < 0.01). The caecal weight, the intestinal and caecal length were the highest (P < 0.01) in the SBM group. The SBM group the highest value of albumin/globulin (P < 0.01) and creatinine (P < 0.05). TM seems to be more effective than HI in improving FCR. The reduced albumin/globulin ratio in the insect meal fed groups could be ascribed to the chitin content and this result was not affected by the amount of chitin intake, suggesting that also the lowest values are able to express their potential effects in partridges.
... The lowest level of creatinine recorded in hens fed insect meal can be related to the lowest protein intake in birds of this group, as creatinine is also considered an 410 index of protein metabolism and renal function. There are no evidences in literature on the effect of chitin on renal function, but some reports (Jing et al., 1997;Davis et al., 2003;Ahmed et al., 2014) indicated that chitosan, industrially produced by chitin deacetylation, 415 had a positive effect on renal function of rats and dogs evidenced by decreasing serum creatinine levels. ...
The aim of the research was to study the effects of an insect meal from Hermetia illucens larvae (HILM) as complete replacement of soybean meal (SBM) on productive performance and blood profiles of laying hens, from 24 to 45 wk of age. A total of 108 24-week-old Lohmann Brown Classic laying hens was equally divided into 2 groups (54 hens/group, 9 replicates of 6 hens/group). From 24 to 45 wk of age, the groups were fed 2 different isoproteic and isoenergetic diets: the control group (SBM) was fed a corn-soybean meal based diet, while in the HILM group the soybean meal was completely replaced by Hermetia illucens larvae meal. Feed intake, number of eggs produced, and egg weight were recorded weekly along the trial. At 45 wk of age, blood samples were collected from 2 hens per replicate. The use of HIML led to a more favorable (P < 0.01) feed conversion ratio in hens but lay percentage, feed intake, average egg weight, and egg mass were higher (P < 0.01) in hens fed the SBM diet. Hens fed insect meal produced a higher percentage of eggs from small (S), medium (M), and extra-large (XL) classes (P < 0.01) than SBM, while the SBM group had a higher percentage of eggs from the large (L) class (P < 0.01). The levels of globulin and albumin to globulin ratio were, respectively, higher and lower (P < 0.05) in HILM than the SBM group. Cholesterol and triglycerides were higher (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) in hens from SBM than in the HILM group. Blood levels of Ca were higher (P < 0.01) in hens fed insect meal, while creatinine was higher (P < 0.01) in blood of hens fed SBM. Hermetia illucens larvae meal can be a suitable alternative protein source for laying hens even if the complete replacement of soybean meal needs further investigation to avoid the negative effects on feed intake.
