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Mastitis is аn inflammation оf thе mammary gland, caused by the invasion and duplication оf Escherichia coli (E. coli) , Staphylococcus uberis (S. uberis) аnd Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) аnd а wide variety оf оthеr microorganisms thrоugh teat оr damaged nipple, decreasing potential milk production іn thе affected quarter оf mammary gland. Eco...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... fоr pathogens tо enter thе mammary glands аnd establish thеmѕеlvеѕ tо thе point thаt thеу саuѕе аn infection, а multitude оf оthеr factors mау bе involved: hygiene, housing, climate, milking machines, feeding аnd genetic factors (Karima, 2013), аѕ thе occurrence оf disease іѕ аn outcome оf interplay bеtwееn thrее major factors: infectious agents, host resistance, аnd environmental factors (Gera аnd Guha, 2011). The factors might be an individual genotype, thе pathogens involved, thе environment of cattle, milking techniques аnd interaction аmоng thеm as shown in Figure 2. When pathogens attach with epithelial cell, they enter and evade the host defense mechanism аnd penetrate іntо the deeper regions (Almeida еt al., 1998). ...
Similar publications
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland and one of the most common diseases compromising dairy animals' health and welfare worldwide. Keeping this in view, worldwide dairy cattle breeding programs are trying to breed cows with better resistance to mastitis. CD4 gene play a crucial role in immune mechanisms against a variety of inflammatory...
Background:
Bovine mastitis is one of the major infectious diseases in dairy cattle, resulting in large economic loss due to decreased milk production and increased production cost to the dairy industry. Antibiotics are commonly used to prevent/treat bovine mastitis infections. However, increased antibiotic resistance and consumers' concern regard...
Background:
In the global dairy industry, mastitis is the main economic significant disease of cattle. Milk and other dairy outputs are scarce in developed countries, including Ethiopia.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional investigation in the Modjo district, milk samples were collected aseptically from 384 randomly selected lactating cattle to inv...
Citations
... Test kabını yatay dairevi hareketlerle yaklaşık 10 saniye süreyle döndürerek ayıraçla sütün karışması sağlanır. Süt-reaktif karışımı beyaz plastik test küreğinin sığ kaplarında döndürülürken çökelti miktarı ve koyulaşma miktarı hakkında görsel bir yargıya varılarak skor belirlenir (Rasheed, Usman & Niaz, 2020). Normal sütte karışımın rengi açık gri (güvercin grisi) olup herhangi bir pıhtılaşma, koyulaşma ve yapışma gözlenmez. ...
Son yıllarda sütçülükte dünya çapında belirgin bir evrimi
yansıtan büyük değişiklikler yaşanmaktadır. Neredeyse tüm
sanayileşmiş ülkelerde, süt hayvancılığındaki mevcut eğilimler, bir
yanda inek ve sürü sayısının azalması, diğer yanda ise sürü
büyüklüğü ve inek başına laktasyon veriminin artmasıyla karakterize
edilebilir. Sürü sayısında ve inek sayısındaki azalmaya karşın, iyi
yönetilen çiftliklerde yıllık yaklaşık %2 artışla inek ve laktasyon
başına ortalama verim 10.000 kg'a yükselerek istikrarlı bir şekilde
arttığı görülmektedir. Süt hayvancılığının bu yeni koşullarda, klinik
vakalarla bağlantılı olarak uygulanan teşhis prosedürlerine ek olarak
meme sağlığı durumunun rutin olarak incelenmesi için birçok
yöntemler, prosedürler, stratejiler ve kavramlar geliştirilmektedir. Bu yöntemlerin çiftlikte kolay, hızlı ve doğru bir şekilde
gerçekleştirilebilmesi, çiftçiler ve veteriner hekimler tarafından
mastit tedavisi için hızlı bir şekilde harekete geçilebileceği anlamına
gelir. Laboratuvar düzeyinde değerlendirilen ve kullanıma sunulan
pek çok teşhis vardır, oysa sahada uygulanabilirlik pek çoğunu işe
yaramaz hale getirmektedir. Ayrıca, tüm sağmal ineklerden numune
alınmasıyla ilgili lojistik ve mali hususlar, birçok tekniğin geniş
çapta benimsenmesine engel olmuştur. Mastit tanısına yönelik
tedbirlerin dengeli bir maliyet-fayda ilişkisine odaklanması
gerekmektedir. Farklı yangısal parametreleri ölçmek için otomatik
çevrimiçi meme sağlığı izleme sistemlerinde daha fazla gelişmeler,
ideal olarak meme lobları arası değerlendirme puanı içeren çok etkili
ve ucuz bir teşhis aracıyla sonuçlandırabilir. Böyle bir sisteme
sadece büyük sürülerde değil aynı zamanda ortalama büyüklükteki
sürülerde de ekonomik nedenlerden dolayı ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır
(Hogeveen, 2005). Başlıca tanısal testler, bir enfeksiyonun mevcut
olup olmadığına ve mevcut bir enfeksiyon varsa buna spesifik olarak
neyin sebep olduğuna karar vermek için yapılır. Genel olarak mastit
tespit yöntemlerinin mevcut durumun değerlendirilmesi, mastitin
etkili bir şekilde kontrol edilmesi ve iyi süt kalitesinin sağlanması
için uygun teşhis olanaklarını da ortaya çıkaracaktır.
... Disease resistance breeding is one of new strategies for sustainable dairy industry (Bronzo et al., 2020;Rasheed et al., 2020). In the past, it has mainly been genetic mutations in DNA, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; Hou et al., 2012;Wang et al., 2014;Ju et al., 2018c), insertions and deletions (indels; Hu et al., 2022), or copy number variations (CNV; Molotsi, 2020), that served as a basis for predicting and demonstrating susceptibility of animals to different diseases. ...
Bovine mastitis is one of the most troublesome and costly problems in the modern dairy industry, which is not only difficult to monitor, but can also cause economic losses while having significant implications on public health. However, efficacious preventative methods and therapy are still lacking. Moreover, new drugs and therapeutic targets are in increasing demand due to antibiotic restrictions. In recent years, noncoding RNAs have gained popularity as a topic in pathological and genetic studies. Meanwhile, there is growing evidence that they play a role in regulating various biological processes and developing novel treatment platforms. In light of this, this review focuses on two types of noncoding RNAs, micro RNAs and circular RNAs, and summarizes their characterizations, relationships, potential applications as selection markers, diagnostic or treatment targets and potential applications in RNA-based therapy, in order to shed new light on further research.
... Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) and bacterial mastitis are important ailments in South Asian dairy animals [1][2][3][4]. Both diseases lead to serious economic losses in terms of mortality, production loss and treatment costs directly on farmers, whereas surveillance programs cost additional burden on the national economy [1]. ...
Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) and mastitis caused by Pasteurella (P.) multocida, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and Streptococcus (Str.) agalactiae are important ailments of the dairy industry especially in South Asia. The present study evaluates the efficacy of a locally prepared hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) and mastitis combined vaccine. To this end, a total of 70 HS, S. aureus and Str. agalactiaefree lactating (early stage of lactation) buffaloes (n = 45) and cows (n = 25), and 50 lactating (early stage of lactation) cows (n = 25) and buffaloes (n = 25) positive for S. aureus/Str. agalactiae were subjected to two doses of HS–mastitis combined vaccine with an interval of 21 days. Antibody response was monitored by ELISA up to six months (180 days). Antibody titers against HS and
mastitis were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in vaccinated groups as compared to the non-vaccinated groups. Cumulative mean somatic cell counts and mastitis severity scores in vaccinated groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and milk yield was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the respective non-vaccinated controls. In conclusion, Montanide®-adjuvanted HS–mastitis combined vaccine showed significant immunogenic effects in dairy cows and buffaloes. However, challenge studies remain overdue.
... According to Rasheed et al. (2020a), word mastitis is derivative of two Greek words, "mastos and itіs which means breast and inflammation" respectively. Hence, mastitis is an inflammation of breast or udder. ...
... It is mostly caused by microorganisms entering through the damaged nipple or teat causing redness, pain, hardness alongwith swelling. As a result, milk supply in the afflicted quadrant of the mammary gland reduces (Rasheed et al., 2020a). Economical, livestock performance, global commerce, and animal welfare concerns all play a part in the agriculture industry when it comes to mastitis (Hogeveen et al., 2011;Zeb et al., 2020). ...
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland and one of the most common diseases compromising dairy animals' health and welfare worldwide. Keeping this in view, worldwide dairy cattle breeding programs are trying to breed cows with better resistance to mastitis. CD4 gene play a crucial role in immune mechanisms against a variety of inflammatory diseases. The current study investigates the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD4 gene on mastitis to open new doors for improving milk production and cattle health. 201 lactating dairy cow maintained at government dairy farms within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, were used to collect Blood and Milk samples. SNPs were identification within the pool of 30 randomly selected DNA samples followed by genotyping of those SNPs in all samples and statistical analysis by the overall linear model of SAS (9.4). Two SNPs (SNP 1: 104010804 G>A and SNP 2: 104010868 T>C) were found associated significantly with the annual milk yield (AMY) and the frequency of mastitis (FM; P<0.05). The information regarding CD4 gene related with milk production traits provided here might be helpful to pick the potential genetic markers for the genetic improvement of mastitis resistance and milk production traits in dairy cattle."
Domesticated cattle represent not only a large source of sustenance but also a source of income for billions of people. The dairy sector has a very significant role in the Indian economy, but many tasks need to be addressed in order to preserve governmental agencies, in order to maintain the competitiveness and long-term viability of the industry, we have been attempting to identify healthy dairy cows with enhanced or decreased potential. For many years, several diseases in cattle, including the development of mastitis, were reducing the milk industry. Furthermore, the disease has a significant detrimental influence on dairy industry production as a result of poor milk quality and decreased industrial yield. The present review aimed to provide complete information on mastitis in one place and to be helpful for researchers.
This Research Communication describes the relation between somatic cells and microbial content in milk from Jersey cattle. Milk samples were classified in groups: healthy, dirty and mastitic (from Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Coliforms). The somatic cells in each of those groups were analysed by two methods – flow cytometric and automatic fluorescent cell counting. Those methods were compared. Total somatic cell count (SCC), neutrophil count, and lymphocytes with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4 ⁺ cells) were determined. There was a positive relationship between microbes and somatic cells. It was noticed that the neutrophil count was generally increased together with SCC, whilst the CD4 ⁺ cell count was higher in healthy milk samples (about 8%) compared to mastitic ones (about 3%). Lower number of CD4 ⁺ cells (from 1 to 4%) was determined in samples positive for Staphylococcus spp. but with lower SCC (from 2.7 to 4.0 × 10 ⁵ cells/ml). Also, the number of CD4 ⁺ cells in Staphylococcus spp.-positive samples increased (to 4.8%) together with higher SCC, something that was not observed in the other mastitic samples. Knowledge of those relations could be useful for veterinary medical tests in the initial phase of inflammation.
Abstract
Increasing nutritional value of cereals is one of the important research and breeding objectives to overcome malnutrition in developing countries. The synthesis of grain seed proteins during grain filling is controlled by several mechanisms including transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications. In the current investigation, transcript abundance analysis of three allelic variants of seed storage protein activator (Spa A, Spa B and Spa D) and NAM-B1 affecting seed nutrient concentration was carried out in two genotypes (UP 2672 and HS 540) of bread wheat differing in grain protein content. Expression
profiling of transcription factor genes was performed using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Positive correlation and
significant p value > 0.05 was observed among the fold expression in developing stages of both the genotypes. Maximum
expression of Spa genes was observed at S3 stage and maximum fold expression was observed for Spa B gene in case of UP
2672, the genotype with high protein content. The transcript profiling of NAM-B1 gene revealed threefold higher expression
in UP 2672 than that of HS 490 at S4 stage. The findings revealed the role of transcriptional regulation in differential grain
protein accumulation through varied expression and existence of their allelic variants in wheat genotypes.
Keywords Wheat · Seed storage protein · qRT-PCR · Transcription factors · NAM-BI
