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Passive thermography method of rock specimens and stone cultural heritage. (A) General views of rock specimens. (B) Arrangement of specimens according to the direction. (C) Automatic weather system around the specimens. (D) Flag pole supporting rocks in Banjukdong before and after conservation treatment. (E) Altitude and position of the sun according to the time for thermography analysis of flag pole supporting rocks in Banjukdong.
Source publication
This study focused on analysis condition and application method of the passive infrared thermography according to the direction and time to nondestructively detect the blistering zone of stone cultural heritage. As a result, the passive thermographic images showed different temperature characteristics by time because it sensitively reacts to air te...
Citations
... The infrared thermal imager is composed of three parts: an infrared detector, an optical imaging system, and an optical scanning system. structure diagram of the infrared thermal imager is shown in Figure 1 [8]. ...
... Since the light in any polarization state can be decomposed into two mutually perpendicular components, a parallel component in the incident plane (P) and a perpendicular component perpendicular to the incident plane Where: 1 ∥ is the reflection coefficient of the parallel component; 1 8 is the reflection coefficient of the vertical component; 9 ∥ is the transmission coefficient of the parallel component; 9 8 is the transmission coefficient of the vertical component; : is the incident medium; : is the refractive index of the refractive medium; ; is the angle of incidence; ; is the angle of refraction. ...
... Adapted from [23]. ...
Wood is a crucial component of the green economy of the 21st Century. From house construction to innovative daily applications and products, wood is one of the most sustainable resources. However, as a natural material, it suffers deterioration with time. Infrared thermography may provide an excellent potential for detecting internal damage. Although the prices of infrared cameras have dropped recently, getting the best value for money and choosing the right camera for wood inspection is a significant challenge. Before choosing an infrared camera, the operator needs to consider several parameters, such as the temperature range, spectral range, thermal sensitivity, resolution, spatial resolution, accuracy, optics and focus, to make an informed decision. This study aims to evaluate the performance of two infrared cameras, a high-end model and a mid-range model, in visual wood damage detection. For this purpose, samples of different wood species with induced damage were observed using active thermography. Our results suggest that, for technical purposes such as qualitative studies, resolution and thermal sensitivity may be more important parameters than accuracy. The results achieved are an important contribution when deciding which infrared camera to purchase
... The infrared thermography is an on-site no-contact method widely applied to cultural heritage studies [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], with documented applications on wall mosaics analysis. The principle of infrared thermography consists of measuring, without contact, all thermal variations detectable on the surface by the infrared radiation. ...
This review concerns the challenges and perspectives of on-site non-invasive measurements applied to wall mosaics. Wall mosaics, during the centuries, decorated numerous buildings, nowaday being part of world cultural heritage. The preservation and maintenance of these valuable decorations are undoubtedly directly dependent on identifying possible problems that could affect their hidden structure. On-site non-invasive methods, using different contact or no-contact technologies, can offer support in this specific field of application. The choice of the appropriate technique or combination of different techniques depends, in general, on the depth of investigation, the resolution, the possibility to have direct contact with the surfaces or, on the contrary, limited accessibility of the wall mosaics due to their location (e.g., vaults), as well as deterioration problems, (e.g., voids, detachments, or humidity effects). This review paper provides a brief overview of selected recent studies regarding non-invasive methods applied to the analysis of wall mosaics. This review, discussing the assessment of advantages and limitations for each method here considered, also considers possible future developments of imaging techniques in this specific context for cultural heritage applications.
... (Cho et al., 2013;Chun et al., 2015;Sim et al., 2011), 특히 재질별 무기질 문화재의 특성연구 분야에서 구성 광물조성을 파악하기 위하여 현장용으로 개발된 휴 대용 X-선 형광분석기 및 분광기 등을 활용한 비 파괴 분석이 활용되고 있다 (Song et al., 2016;Hyun and Park, 2010 (Silva et al., 2013;Venkatakrishnan et al., 2017;Wienstroër et al., 2003) 석 적용을 통하여 광물조성 분석이 가능한 회절패 턴이 기록되며, 주사면적 조절을 통하여 분말회절법 에 근접한 회절결과 또한 획득할 수 있는 것으로 판 단된다. ...
Preservation of the original form is the principle for conservation, management and utilization of cultural heritages. Thus, non-destructive analysis of these samples are important field of the conservation science. In this study, examined the applicability of nondestructive surface X-ray diffraction analysis (ND-XRD) for cultural heritage by materials (rock specimen, jade stone, pigment painted specimen, earthen artifact, metal artifact). In result, all type of sample is recorded suitable X-ray diffraction patterns for identifying mineral composition in case of surface condition with adequate particle size and arrangement. And diffraction pattern is reflected surface information than matrix. Therefore, ND-XRD is thought to be applicable not only mineral identification but also interpretation of manufacturing technique and alteration trend about layered sample (in horizontally or vertically). Whereas some exceptional diffraction patterns were recorded due to overlapping information on specific crystal planes. It caused by skip the sample treatment (powdering and randomly orientation). It could be advantageously used for mineral identification, such as preferred orientation of clay minerals. In contrast, irregular diffraction pattern caused by single crystalline effect is required careful evaluation.
... A hot object can emit higher energy than visible light, and because the air layer of the exfoliated part has small thermal capacity, it reacts sensitively to the external temperature. The area of exfoliation can be determined by capturing an infrared thermal image of the exfoliated part using this principle Jo et al., 2013;Jo and Lee, 2014). First, the exfoliation was checked using the percussion method, and microscopic temperature distribution was investigated by applying heat. ...
... When DHSPI is coupled with SIRT, thermal excitation is used to reveal the hidden discontinuities by both techniques [40]. The SIRT measures and records variations in thermal radiation from the surface of an object in the infrared range, after induced thermal stress [42][43][44][45][46][47], as shown in Figure 4b. The resulting thermogram is a distribution map of the temperature on the surface of the object under investigation [47]. ...
This paper presents first laboratory results of a combined approach carried out by the use of three different portable non-invasive electromagnetic methods: Digital holographic speckle pattern interferometry (DHSPI), stimulated infrared thermography (SIRT) and holographic subsurface radar (HSR), proposed for the analysis of a custom-built wall mosaic model. The model reproduces a series of defects (e.g., cracks, voids, detachments), simulating common deteriorated, restored or reshuffled areas in wall mosaics. DHSPI and SIRT, already well known in the field of non-destructive (NDT) methods, are full-field contactless techniques, providing complementary information on the subsurface hidden discontinuities. The use of DHSPI, based on optical imaging and interferometry, provides remote control and visualization of surface micro-deformation after induced thermal stress, while the use of SIRT allows visualization of thermal energy diffusion in the surface upon the induced thermal stress. DHSPI and SIRT data are complemented by the use of HSR, a contact method that provides localized information about the distribution of contrasts in dielectric permittivity and related possible anomalies. The experimental results, made by the combined use of these methods to the identification of the known anomalies in the mosaic model, are presented and discussed here as a contribution in the development of an efficient non-invasive approach to the in-situ subsurface analysis of ancient wall mosaics.
... (Chun et al., 2008;Jo et al., 2013;Jo and Lee, 2011;Lee et al., 2009;2012 Goetz et al., 1985;Karaskaet al., 2004). (Sellers, 1985;Myneni et al., 1995). ...
This study was considered utilization of hyperspectral image analysis for monitoring. Accordingly we applied to stone cultural properties to data correction methods, image classification techniques, NDVI computation techniques using hyperspectral image. As the results, hyperspectral image analysis was possible making detailed deterioration map, accurate calculation of deterioration rate, mapping of normalized difference vegetation index on the basis of reflectance of each materials. Therefore, hyperspectral image analysis will be used for effective monitoring techniques of stone cultural heritages.
... 적외선열화상 분석을 활용한 문화재의 손상도 분석은 이미 잘 알려져 있다. 이 분석방법은 주로 석조문화재 표면 의 박리를 검출하는데 사용되고 있으며, 최근에는 소조상 에 대해서도 확대 적용하고 있는 추세이다Jo et al., 2013;Yi et al., 2013). 그러나 목조불상에 대하여 적외선열화상 분석을 실시한 사례는 아직까지 보 고된 바 없다. ...
The wooden Ksitigarbha Triad Statues (Treasure No. 1749) of Shinhungsa temple in Sokcho are enshrined in the inside of the Myeonbujeon Hall. The Statues are highly damaged physical weathering which are crack and exfoliation. Also, the Statues were deteriorated by chemical and biological weathering. This study carried out nondestructive method as deterioration map, ultrasonic measurement, X-ray and endoscopy survey for deterioration evaluation and conservation plan. As a result, Ksitigarbha Statue coated by dust and various pollutants. And gold-gilt of Statue's surface has peeled off. Head part of Mudokguiwang Statue was discolored from water leak in Myeongbujeon Hall. Domyeongjonja Statue is highly damaged by insects. Result of endoscopy, there were bee hives in the inside of the Statue. Therefore, we suggest that these Statues have need to do conservation treatment on the basis of diagnostic results.
