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Particle sizes of synthesized FeS nanoparticles (a) with the dosage of CMC as the stabilizer and (b) with the titration speeds of Na2S solution. Oscillation rate = 250 rpm, and Na2S concentration = 0.0426 M. Data plotted as mean of duplicates and the error bars (calculated as standard deviation) indicate data reproducibility.
Source publication
FeS nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical precipitation method involving sulfide and ferrous solutions. Effects of important synthesis parameters including stabilizer, time taken for titration, horizontal oscillation speed, and initial salt concentration on the size of synthesized FeS nanoparticles were investigated by Orthogonal Array desi...
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Citations
... As shown in Figure 15b, the C 1s spectrum was deconvoluted into three peaks; the peak at approximately 284.8 eV indicated C=C bonds, the peak at approximately 286.2 eV indicated C−O bonds, and the peak at approximately 288.1 eV indicated C=O bonds [48]. After adsorption, the binding energies of these carbon-containing functional group peaks were reduced to different degrees, among which the C=C and C=O peak intensities were significantly reduced after Th adsorption and the C−O peak intensity was reduced after U adsorption, indicating that they played significant roles in the adsorption processes [32]. ...
Nano-FeS has great potential for use in the management of radioactive contaminants. In this paper, we prepared a FeS@Stenotrophomonas sp. composite material by ultrasonic chemistry, and it showed excellent removal of uranium and thorium from the solution. Through optimization of the experimental conditions, it was found that the maximum adsorption capacities for uranium and thorium reached 481.9 and 407.5 mg/g for a composite made with a synthetic ratio of 1:1, pH 5 and 3.5, respectively, for U and Th, and sonication for 20 min. Compared with those of FeS or Stenotrophomonas alone, the removal capacity was greatly improved. The results of a mechanistic study indicated that efficient removal of the uranium and thorium was due to ion exchange, reduction, and microbial surface adsorption. FeS@Stenotrophomonas sp. could be applied to U(VI) and Th(IV) extraction for radioactive water.
... It was reported that the average size of FeS nanoparticles synthesized with CMC (0.15 wt%) as a stabilizer is 25 ± 10 nm. The synthesized FeS nanoparticles have better long-term stability even after storage for 150 days [84]. SA was used to coat on the surface of nano-FeS to prevent the growth and aggregation of nanoparticles. ...
... nFe 3 O 4 has the advantages of low cost, stable chemical properties, and good total metal adsorption performance. Liu et al. [16] used nFeS to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and attained a removal amount for Cr(VI) of 683 mg·g -1 at 15 min of reaction by optimizing the conditions for the preparation of nFeS. However, nZVI, nFeS, and other nano-size iron materials are expensive and are prone to surface passivation. ...
... Stabilized FeS NPs were prepared through a reaction between ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) and sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na 2 S·9H 2 O) with chemically pure carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer following a previous study [26]. The solids obtained through centrifuging the prepared FeS NP suspension were washed with deoxygenated deionized water and freeze-dried, which were called washed FeS NPs (Fig. S1). ...
Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) are often found in soils and water affected by metal smelting, chemical manufacturing, and electroplating. In this study, synthetic iron sulfide nanoparticles (FeS NPs) were stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and utilized to remove Cr(VI), Cd, and Pb from an aqueous solution. Batch experiments, a Visual MINTEQ model, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis were used to determine the removal efficiencies, influencing factors, and mechanisms. The FeS NP suspension simultaneously removed Cr(VI), Cd, and Pb from an aqueous solution. The concentrations of Cr(VI), Cd, and Pb decreased from 50, 10, and 50 mg·L⁻¹ to 2.5, 0.1, and 0.1 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. The removal capacities were up to 418, 96, and 585 mg per gram of stabilized FeS NPs, respectively. The acidic conditions significantly favored the removal of aqueous Cr(VI) while the alkaline conditions favored the removal of Cd and Pb. Oxygen slightly inhibited the removal of Cr(VI), but it had no significant influence on the removal of Cd and Pb. A potential mechanism was proposed for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI), Cd, and Pb using FeS NPs. The interactions of the three heavy metals involved a cationic bridging effect on Cr(VI) by Cd, an enhanced adsorption effect on Cd by [Cr,Fe](OH)3, precipitation of PbCrO4, and transformation of PbCrO4 to PbS. Therefore, FeS NPs have a high potential for use in the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI), Cd, and Pb from contaminated aqueous solutions.
... In contrast, CMC-nFeS appeared to disperse and anti-oxidative (Fig. 4II). These phenomena showed the addition of CMC reduces the aggregation of nFeS particles and prevents the premature oxidation of nanoparticles, which was consistent with the experimental results of Yuanyuan Liu et al. (Yuanyuan et al., 2016). ...
... Chen et al. (2012) used copper nanoparticles for total nitrogen removal and found an enhancement in the total nitrogen removal. Liu et al. (2016) reported the use of iron sulfide nanoparticles for chromium removal with a chromium removal capacity of 683 mg per gram of FeS, and up to 92.48% Cr(VI) was removed from aqueous solution. Hence, based on the results obtained, the present study can further be extended to remove other toxic pollutants using the metal nanoparticles recovered from wastewater. ...
... Inorganic reductants appear attractive since they generally lead to the formation of insoluble chromium precipitates (Di Palma et al., 2015). Some reductive materials containing iron and/or sulfur such as hydrogen sulfide (Thornton and Amonette, 1999), ferrous iron (Chowdhury et al., 2012;Dossing et al., 2011), nanoscale zero valent iron Hu et al., 2010;Mu et al., 2015;Wilkin et al., 2005), pyrite (Liu et al., 2015), and iron sulfide (FeS) (Gong et al., 2016;Li et al., 2017;Liu et al., 2016;Yang et al., 2014), have been found to hold signficant capacities to immobilize Cr(VI) in aquatic media. Natural pyrite could effectively remove Cr(VI) from groundwater by a simulated permeable reactive barrier (PRB), with a sorption capability of 0.6222 mg Cr per gram of natural pyrite at pH 5.5 in an anoxic environment when the initial Cr(VI) concentration was set at 10 mg L −1 (Liu et al., 2015). ...
... Stabilized FeS NPs were prepared through the reaction between ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO 4 ⋅7H 2 O) and sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na 2 S⋅9H 2 O) with chemically pure carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer following the procedures of previous study (Liu et al., 2016). Stabilized FeS NPs hold an average size of 25 ± 10 nm. ...
... XPS characterizations were evaluated to understand the change of valence states of relevant chemical elements on the surface of CMC-stabilized FeS NPs before and after Cr(VI) removal processes. Our previous study shows that the sulfur and iron on the surface of freshly produced FeS NPs mainly existed in the form of S(-II) and Fe(II)-S, respectively (Liu et al., 2016). Fig. 4 displays that the valence states on the surface of Cr-loaded stabilized FeS NPs at FeS NPs-to-Cr(VI) molar ratios of 4:5 and 3:2. ...
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is one of prevalent toxic and mobile heavy metal contaminants in the environment. In this study, synthetic iron sulfide nanoparticles (FeS NPs) stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were applied to remediate Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater and saturated soil. The batch test results showed that aqueous Cr(VI) was removed with a capacity as high as 1046.1 mg Cr(VI) per gram of FeS NPs. The removal of aqueous Cr(VI) mainly involves adsorption, reduction and co-precipitation. Aqueous Cr(VI) removal by using FeS NPs was a strong pH-dependent process. Dissolved oxygen (DO) would compete with Cr(VI) for Fe(II) and S(-II) and inhibit the process of Cr(VI) reduction at pH 5.6. For ionic strength and natural organic matter (NOM), there were no significant influences on the aqueous Cr(VI) removal. Column tests demonstrated that the concentrations of Cr(VI) in the effluent were lower than 0.005 mg L⁻¹ after an elution of 45 pore volumes (PVs) of stabilized FeS NPs suspension. The leached Cr(VI) decreased from 4.58 mg L⁻¹ of raw Cr(VI)-contaminated soil to 46.8–80.7 μg L⁻¹ from the surface to bottom treated soil in column through Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Therefore, the synthesized FeS NPs hold high potential for the in-situ remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater and saturated soil.
... Nano sized iron sulfide was successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method [9]. However, different routes and methods have been developed to synthesize iron sulfides nanoparticles; such as solvothermal process [10,11], polyol mediated process [12], microbial synthesis [13], hydrothermal synthesis [9], sulfurization of hematite nanowires [14] and chemical precipitation method [15,16,17]. The extensive use of chemical pesticides in agriculture was leading to the accomplishment of agri-food production targets. ...
... Where D is the mean diameter of nanoparticles, β is the full width at half-maximum value of XRD diffraction lines, λ is the wavelength of X-ray radiation source 0.15405 nm, Θ is the half diffraction angle -Bragg angle and K is the Scherrer constant with value from 0.9 to 1. There is No sharp crystalline peaks were present in the diffractograms of the synthesized FeS nanoparticles, indicating that the synthesized FeS nanoparticles had a low degree of crystallinity these results come in agreement with that reported by [16,17]. ...
In this study, the green route method for of iron sulfide (FeS) nanoparticles was used. The iron sul-fide nanoparticles synthesized using sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S.9H2O) and ferrous chloride tetra-hydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) in combination with Artemis herba-alba leaves extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. Biosynthesized iron sulfide nanoparticles were characterized and documented via Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transfer electron microscope (TEM) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis). The functional groups for the Artemis herba-alba leaves extract were also determined using FT-IR analysis. The morphology of biosynthesized iron sulfide nanoparticles was spherical in shape with size around 40 nm. The toxicity of green synthesized FeS NPs against the green peach aphid was evaluated. The results revealed that these nanoparticles were effective in increasing mortality percent of the green peach aphid with increasing concentrations in ppm. The LC50 was also determined and reported. LC50 for biosynthesized iron sulfide nanoparticles was 251 ppm and 302 ppm against the early and late nymphal instars of the green peach aphid. In conclusion , the biosynthesized iron sulfide nanoparticles would be promising tools to be implemented in integrated pest management of green peach aphid but needed further works at the field level.
... Nano sized iron sulfide was successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method [9]. However, different routes and methods have been developed to synthesize iron sulfides nanoparticles; such as solvothermal process [10,11], polyol mediated process [12], microbial synthesis [13], hydrothermal synthesis [9], sulfurization of hematite nanowires [14] and chemical precipitation method [15,16,17]. The extensive use of chemical pesticides in agriculture was leading to the accomplishment of agri-food production targets. ...
... Where D is the mean diameter of nanoparticles, β is the full width at half-maximum value of XRD diffraction lines, λ is the wavelength of X-ray radiation source 0.15405 nm, Θ is the half diffraction angle -Bragg angle and K is the Scherrer constant with value from 0.9 to 1. There is No sharp crystalline peaks were present in the diffractograms of the synthesized FeS nanoparticles, indicating that the synthesized FeS nanoparticles had a low degree of crystallinity these results come in agreement with that reported by [16,17]. ...
In this study, the green route method for of iron sulfide (FeS) nanoparticles was used. The iron sulfide nanoparticles synthesized using sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S.9H2O) and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) in combination with Artemis herba-alba leaves extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. Biosynthesized iron sulfide nanoparticles were characterized and documented via Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transfer electron microscope (TEM) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis). The functional groups for the Artemis herba-alba leaves extract were also determined using FT-IR analysis. The morphology of biosynthesized iron sulfide nanoparticles was spherical in shape with size around 40 nm. The toxicity of green synthesized FeS NPs against the green peach aphid was evaluated. The results revealed that these nanoparticles were effective in increasing mortality percent of the green peach aphid with increasing concentrations in ppm. The LC50 was also determined and reported. LC50 for biosynthesized iron sulfide nanoparticles was 251 ppm and 302 ppm against the early and late nymphal instars of the green peach aphid. In conclusion, the biosynthesized iron sulfide nanoparticles would be promising tools to be implemented in integrated pest management of green peach aphid but needed further works at the field level.
To improve the remediation and antioxygenic properties of ferrous sulfide (FeS) nanomaterials toward heavy metals is the focus of current research. This study employed a combination of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) for the modification of FeS nanomaterials supported by porous silicon (SiO2/FeS) to serves as an efficient amendment for cadmium pollution. The optimized slurry with the mass ratio of CMC/SDBS to be 1:3 showed enhanced dispersion and antioxidant effects on SiO2/FeS (the mass ratio of surfactant to FeS was 1:1). This formulation exhibited the smallest particle size (D50 = 0.66 µm) and the highest absolute Zeta potential values exceeding 30 mV. Also, the obtained products demonstrated effective remediation of cadmium-contaminated solutions, with Cd(II) primarily forming stable CdS and CdSO4 products through ion exchange and chemical precipitation. The adsorption capacity of SiO2/FeS-CMC/SDBS 1:3 for cadmium in air and nitrogen was remained during 30 d, reaching about 158 mg/g. Notably, under low concentration Cd contamination, the adsorption capacity of SiO2/FeS-CMC/SDBS 1:3 exceeded that of SiO2/FeS-CMC and SiO2/FeS-SDBS without acidification risk. In summary, this research highlights the improved remediation and antioxygenic properties achieved through CMC and SDBS co-modification of SiO2/FeS, providing a new amendment for Cd remediation.
