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Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) including control (not contaminated) and field (contaminated soils) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap-MS; (control is not contaminated soil located 1km away from the accident site, field is contaminated soil located from 100 m to 500 m away along the diffusion direction of gas cloud at the accident site).
Source publication
Chemical accidents have frequently occurred in South Korea as a result of the huge amount of chemicals being used in various industries. Even though fire accidents accounted for 71.9% of chemical accidents during 2008–2018 in South Korea, most ecological research and investigation has focused on leakage accidents since most fire or explosion gases...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... was applied to assess the propensity of the metabolites. PLS-DA analyses enable highlighting differences between control and field (contaminated soil) (Figure 3). PLS-DA results showed a clear separation of contaminated soils located within 500 m and control soil located at 1 km away from the chemical accident site. ...
Context 2
... 3. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) including control (not contaminated) and field (contaminated soils) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap-MS; (control is not contaminated soil located 1km away from the accident site, field is contaminated soil located from 100 m to 500 m away along the diffusion direction of gas cloud at the accident site). Figure 3 shows that field soil does not currently recover metabolically comparing control soil (not contaminated soil) because the "field" group is not close to the "control" group on the PLS-DA score plot, which means components of metabolites (variables) in two soil groups are quite different. Each group was tightly clustered. ...
Context 3
... field (contaminated soils) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap-MS; (control is not contaminated soil located 1km away from the accident site, field is contaminated soil located from 100 m to 500 m away along the diffusion direction of gas cloud at the accident site). Figure 3 shows that field soil does not currently recover metabolically comparing control soil (not contaminated soil) because the "field" group is not close to the "control" group on the PLS-DA score plot, which means components of metabolites (variables) in two soil groups are quite different. Each group was tightly clustered. ...
Citations
Accidental chemical leaks and illegal chemical discharges are a global environmental issue. In 2012, a hydrogen fluoride leak in Gumi, South Korea, killed several people and contaminated the environment. This leak also led to a significant decline in crop yield, even after the soil concentration of hydrogen fluoride decreased to below the standard level following natural attenuation. To determine the cause of this decreased plant productivity, we designed direct and indirect exposure tests by evaluating the metabolome, transcriptome, and phenome of the plants. In an indirect exposure test, soil metabolomics revealed downregulation of metabolites in vitamin B6, lipopolysaccharide, osmolyte, and exopolysaccharide metabolism. Next-generation sequencing of the plants showed that ABR1 and DREB1A were overexpressed in response to stress. Plant metabolomics demonstrated upregulation of folate biosynthesis and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism associated with detoxification of reactive oxygen species. These results demonstrate impaired metabolism of soil microbes and plants even after natural attenuation of hydrogen fluoride in soil. The novel chemical exposure testing used in this study can be applied to identify hidden damage to organisms after natural attenuation of chemicals in soil, as well as biomarkers for explaining the decline in yield of plants grown in soil near pollutant-emitting industrial facilities.
