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Energy-related environmental problems have been hot spot issues in regional energy system sustainable development. Thus, comprehensive planning of energy systems management is important for social and economic development, as well as environmental sustainability. In addition, uncertainties and complexities, as well as their potential interactions p...
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Context 1
... the two sub-models' solutions to obtain the optimal solution of the proposed model. The data of energy activities are provided in Table 1. Pollution treatment targets and the related economic data are given in Table 2. ...Context 2
... this study, renewable energy sources were also considered. The installed capacities for wind/solar power were set under 50 MW, since the large-scale applications of renewable energy are still not mature and the maintenance costs are much higher (Table 1). The initially installed capacities for fossil energy were set to 300 MW. ...Context 3
... this study, renewable energy sources were also considered. The installed capacities for wind/solar power were set under 50 MW, since the large-scale applications of renewable energy are still not mature and the maintenance costs are much higher (Table 1). The initially installed capacities for fossil energy were set to 300 MW. ...Context 4
... this study, renewable energy sources were also considered. The installed capacities for wind/solar power were set under 50 MW, since the large-scale applications of renewable energy are still not mature and the maintenance costs are much higher (Table 1). The initially installed capacities for fossil energy were set to 300 MW. ...Citations
This paper shows that the number of cycles and the crystal structure play an important role in the capacity and cycling ability of lithium‐ion batteries. However, the detailed dynamics and continuity of the capacity decay mechanism caused by the number of cycles and crystal structure need to be further understood at the nanoscale. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to examine the microstructure development and deformation behavior of the Si anode in an electric field. The results show that the increase of the number of cycles leads to a large expansion of the volume of the Si electrode, which further leads to the loss of capacity and the decrease of cycle capacity, as well as the decrease of structural stability. The formation of Si crystal structure from diamond structure to amorphous depends on the depth of lithiation and desulfurization. Due to the presence of a large number of nanoscale voids, the Si anode has undergone volume expansion. The transformation associated with nanogap nucleation caused by the involuntary diffusion process is driven by more cycles, resulting in irreversible capacity loss of lithium‐ion batteries. The analysis model shows that the stress caused by diffusion is not only related to the position of the Si anode, but also to the cycle time.
Hydrometeorological teleconnections play a vital role in hydrological processes, as they can reflect the influence of large-scale atmospheric circulations. Understanding and accessing such teleconnections can help reveal the hydrometeorological phenomenon and its associated mechanisms. Therefore, a decomposition-based teleconnection framework (DBTF) is developed to identify the hydrological processes related to the teleconnections under climate change. It consists of three modules, namely, hydrological series decomposition, teleconnection patterns decomposition, and attribution analysis. Specifically, the streamflows are separated into the stationary and nonstationary components using the SSA decomposition technique. Then, the teleconnection patterns (ENSO, AO, PDO, and Sunspots) are decomposed into multi-layer signals by the EEMD decomposition technique. The multiple complex correspondences of different components from hydrological and climate variables are studied by factorial analysis, wavelet coherence transformation, maximum information coefficient, and the partial autocorrelation coefficients. Basins from the humid, semi-humid and semiarid, and arid climate zones are estimated by the framework. The results show that: (1) high-frequency of teleconnection patterns has the highest correlation with the stationary components of streamflow, while low-frequency and trend have the most considerable association with the nonstationary components; (2) the stationary components of streamflow show more pronounced correlations with the teleconnection patterns than the nonstationary components; (3) teleconnection patterns demonstrate more substantial on the decomposed components than the raw streamflow. The contribution is to provide new insight into mechanisms in the effects of hydrometeorological teleconnections on hydrological variations.
