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Parasitism of T. bactrae on S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics: a 1 layer with no scales, b with low scale density, c with mid scale density, d with high scale density, e 2 layers with low scale density, f with mid scale density, g with high scale density, h 3 layers with low scale density, i with high scale density
Source publication
Background
The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major insect pests, causing a significant damage on different cultivated agricultural crops. Developing an alternative non-chemical tool, an effective and environmentally friendly method to suppress pest's infestation is essentially needed...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... T. bactrae wasps were able to parasitize the S. littoralis egg masses, but with different rates ( Fig. 1) according to their different layers and degrees of scales' thickness, in both no-choice and choice tests (Table 1). Regardless the degree of scales, the highest parasitism percentage was significantly (P < 0.001) recorded in one layer eggs (66.67, 60.53%), followed by two layers (58.23, 48.53%), while the least preferable one was ...
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Citations
... Releasing egg parasitoids could be the most promising biological control tool against this lepidopteran species v (Mohamed, 2021), and C. inanitus is currently cited as one of the potential candidates to play this role (Magaña et al., 2022). Parasitized host larvae have also reduced feeding, which further increases its value as a biocontrol agent. ...
Chelonus inanitus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an egg-larval parasitoid of Lepidoptera, with the potential for biological control of noctuids. The lack of information merits research on its reproductive and developmental biology. We studied the reproduction of mated parasitoid pairs during female lifetime and the development of the progeny on two hosts, the factitious Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the natural Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The longevity of pairs subjected or not to parasitism was compared. Development of the progeny after parasitization and growth rates were studied. Reproduction decreased the longevity of both sexes in every host. The similar survival patterns proved that sex was not a factor influencing longevity. Females parasitized immediately after emergence and offspring production peaked at 2–2.5 days. Low parasitization rates (3–12%) were generally observed. Reproduction on S. littoralis was fourfold less efficient, probably due to failure of immature stages leading to poor progeny. Sex ratio of the progeny was mostly male-biased. Males developed faster in both hosts. Development was 20 days shorter in the natural host. Strikingly, the parasitoid performed successfully better on the factitious host. Inbreeding, poor understanding of host preference, and inadequate rearing and handling practices are discussed as possible causes of the worse parasitoid performance on S. littoralis.
... Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a larval endoparasitoid of the cosmopolitan and polyphagous key pests beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) [6,7] and is among the most promising parasitoids to be used in IPM programs against these noctuids [8,9]. Nevertheless, available larval parasitoids often fail to provide fully effective control of the aforementioned pests by themselves, thus the implementation of additional biocontrol agents may represent an opportunity to significantly reduce the risks associated with the use of synthetic chemical insecticides [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Baculoviridae (BV), a large family of double-stranded DNA pathogenic viruses, have a proven track record as effective and highly selective microbial insecticides [18,19]. ...
Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and baculovirus (BV) might be used jointly to provide effective control of the Spodoptera genus. The literature has mostly covered the safe compatibility between natural enemies and BV-based insecticides, but research on the potential dispersal of BV by natural enemies is lacking. Thus, the goal of this manuscript was to ascertain if H. didymator was able to disperse the broad host range of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) to Spodoptera littoralis and Spodoptera exigua in choice and non-choice conditions and whether the preference of the parasitoid by one of these noctuids could mediate this dispersion. It was previously needed to improve the rearing of the parasitoid in the laboratory, concerning the optimal host age and length of parasitization, parasitoid competition, and influence of parasitization on the longevity of females. The best rearing conditions for S. littoralis are collective parasitization of mature L3 larvae for 24 h, after at least one day of copulation. Hyposoter didymator transmits AcMNPV to both lepidopterans, but its efficiency is mediated by host preference and the pathogenicity of the BV in each host. In this particular case, H. didymator as well as AcMNPV showed a clear preference towards S. exigua.
