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Sample trees were taken for analyses from an 18-years-old blue spruce stand growing in the summit part of the Jizerské hory Mts. (Czech Republic). The sample trees were measured and dry matter and nutrient contents were analysed in needles, branches, bark and stem wood. Based on the actual stand structure, correlations were calculated between the d...
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... sample trees were selected for biomass and nutrient analysis in October 2007 (Table 1). Tree selection was carried out by selecting trees that represented diameter classes around the mean stem with emphasis on dominant trees (from -10 to +40% in diameter at breast height -DBH) representing the bulk of the forest stand biomass for a complex destructive analysis into produc- tion and chemical parameters. ...
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Citations
... It can be expected to gradually disappear from the stand structures, even without active intervention. Priority must be given to the restoration of its stands by other tree species, depending on the specific local conditions and circumstances (Moravčík 1994;Balcar & Kacálek 2008;Špulák & Dušek 2009;Novák et al. 2011;Špulák 2012). ...
Only 1.82% of the Czech forests are covered by the introduced (exotic, non-native) tree species, they represent only a very minor part of the forest area in the Czech Republic. Despite this fact under certain circumstances and locally, they can play an important role in the forest restoration of declined forests. The main non-native tree species used in the Czech Republic are: black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirbel] Franco), grand fir ( Abies grandis [Douglas ex D. Don] Lindl.), black walnut ( Juglans nigra L.), northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.), and blue spruce ( Picea pungens Engelm.). Other tree species are cultivated on very small areas, despite their much larger potential. The aim of the presented review paper is to summarize information on the introduced tree species, available especially from national sources, and give comprehensive information concerning the potential and risk of their use in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The authors mention also other tree species eligible for silviculture under current as well as future climatic circumstances. The current area and silvicultural potential in the climate changing conditions are analysed and summarized.
... Trends in SO 2 and NO x concentrations in vegetation seasons (expressed as the 95th percentiles of daily concentrations and daily maxima) on the Souš site in lg m -3 (CHMI data) Trends in exposure index AOT40 for forests ppb h -1 on the Š erlich and Souš sites in-2012 ...
The area of the Orlické hory Mts. has been characterised by decline and disturbances of Norway spruce (Picea abies/L./Karst.) stands since the 1980s. Currently, only three permanent research plots have been preserved from the original sixteen established plots in this region. In the present study, the health status, as indicated by defoliation, mortality, and stem radial growth, was studied in the peaty and climax spruce ecosystems in the upper elevations of the mountains from 1979 to 2014. This health status was correlated with ambient air pollution (SO2) as well as climate factors (temperature and precipitation). The health status of individual trees on the plots was determined by evaluation of the foliage status, and tree vitality was evaluated by measuring stem radial growth increment. Stress factor analysis showed that high air pollutant concentrations predisposed Norway spruce to stress from climatic events (drought, temperature changes), leading to forest decline. The most serious damage can be attributed to the combination of chemical and climatic stress. Stands with lowered vitality were attacked by secondary biotic pests (particularly bark beetle), resulting in rapid tree mortality. The damage process is marked not only by higher mortality, but also by chlorosis and necrosis of the needles. The stabilised trend in health status of the spruce stands was registered since approximately 1990s. In terms of climatic factors, the weather in June had the most visible influence on radial increment. Low temperatures and high precipitation were the limiting factors for radial growth in studied mountain area.
The aim of the study was to compare the stock of essential nutrients and carbon in the aboveground biomass of mature stands of silver fir and Norway spruce. A comparison was carried out for 14 mixed stands of spruce and fir. The tree-level dendrometric characteristics were taken from experimental measurements or were generated using the SIBYLA growth simulator. The amount of biomass was calculated using allometric equations. Samples of stem wood, stem bark, and needles were taken and analysed for carbon, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and sulphur concentrations. Using biomass data, the concentrations of the elements were converted into the stock at the stand level. Overall, spruce fixes a greater amount of carbon. The difference is in the carbon allocation, where fir allocates more carbon in the crown and spruce in the stem. Fir needles contain a greater amount of nutrients than spruce needles. A higher supply of phosphorus, nitrogen, and especially potassium was found in the stem wood and bark of fir, the amount of which is more than twice that of spruce. The stem wood of spruce, on the other hand, fixes more calcium and magnesium. As part of the study, linear regression models predicting the stock of nutrients and carbon depending on the stand basal area were parameterised.
Analyses of nutrient content and nutrient pools in trees and forest stand are important for monitoring and evaluation of nutrients cycling and its changes, for verification of long-term sustainability of forest management methods etc. The analyses are mostly based on samples of tree compartments (needles, leaves, branch and stem wood etc.) taken from sample trees. Nutrient concentrations in a tree compartment can vary according to the position where the sample was taken. The article aims to evaluate nutrient concentrations variability and impact of sampling position on the tree. One-year-old needles (blue spruce) and stem wood and bark (Norway spruce and Scotch pine) were analysed in detail. There was found a significantly negative correlation of whorl position in spruce crown and Ca and Mg concentrations in needles. The most representative concentrations to compute total nutrient pools in one-year-old needles of young stands can be expected in samples from the middle part of the live crown. Stem wood and bark of Norway spruce showed positive correlations of macronutrient concentrations and height above ground with exception of Ca, which was negative. In pine, the correlations were positive with exception of P in stem wood. Most accurate estimation of the mean nutrient concentrations of stem wood and bark of conifers should be based on samples originated in the end of the first third of stem height.
