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... parameters a and w are defined according to the geometry of our material, as shown in Figure 5. The model of static damage has been developed to assess the damage for ABS specimens. ...
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... stress concentration zone is often the site of initiation of fatigue cracks but can also be the cause of a sudden rupture in the case of a fragile material. In this paper, we created discontinuities on ABS specimens in the form of half-holes ( Figure 5). We varied the notches to see its effects on the stress concentration coefficient. ...
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... Equation (3) and Figure 5, actual stress and the nominal stress is defined as follows: ...
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... parameters a and w are defined according to the geometry of our material, as shown in Figure 5. The model of static damage has been developed to assess the damage for ABS specimens. ...
Context 5
... stress concentration zone is often the site of initiation of fatigue cracks but can also be the cause of a sudden rupture in the case of a fragile material. In this paper, we created discontinuities on ABS specimens in the form of half-holes ( Figure 5). We varied the notches to see its effects on the stress concentration coefficient. ...
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Citations
... The results obtained from the calculation of the three damage models are shown in Figures 7-14. The objective of the comparison of the curves (Figures 7-14) is to show the harmfulness of the type of notch and the morphology of the material on the calculations of the damage, thus the difference between the three IPPI the damage by CDM also divides into three phases with two critical life fractions 17% and 65% [8], in this regard, in the same study done by the energetic damage, three phases of the damage of HDPE were found with a critical life fraction of 25% and 52% [31][32][33][34]. So, the occurrence of the three damage phases for HDPE and HIPS is an analysis that varies depending on the critical life fraction, and the type of tests and polymer. ...
ABS TRACT T his work focuses on the damage of two thermoplastic materials; high density polyethylene "(HDPE)" and high impact polystyrene "(HIPS)". The contribution of this work is to determine the lifetime of these polymers by proposing a new static method, including different notches with different opening lengths instead of depth change, to predict the damage behavior of HDPE and HIPS. Three damage models were used to predict the lifetime of these polymers by a proposed simple method compared to the old complex methods. Chemical and microscopic analyses including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The results indicated that the shape of the notch and the morphological nature of the polymer influence the mechanical behavior of these polymers. The proposed experimental factors (life fraction as a function of notches) are in very good agreement with the experimental results. Polyolefins J (2023) 10: 127-136
... Specification of polymer isotactic materials[28][29][30][31]. ...
The structure of fishnet knots has been simplified in previous studies to facilitate the construction of numerical equations of the fishnet structure. This leads to errors in the dynamic analysis of the trawl mesh structure with water flow. In this study, the finite element method was used to analyze the interaction of the trawl mesh structure with the solid object in a dynamic explicit environment. At the same time, design variables were optimized through impact assessment and the displacement of grid cells. The results show that the polyamide (PA) material, a 0.4 mm cross-section, and a 25 mm mesh size are the optimal choices. When the displacement speed of the solid body increased, the displacement and collision values of the mesh structure tended to increase gradually along the quadratic curve. Confirmation tests performed on the tensile tester machine showed a good load-carrying capacity of up to 1280 MPa for trawl mesh structures using the PA material. The characteristic curve for the stress of the trawl mesh structure is shown through the higher-order curve.
... The values are retrieved from the previous work conducted by the authors in [22]. Silicone rubber is found to have a higher tensile strength of ∼ 1.6 MPa and elongation at break of 600% than other metastructure absorber substrates, such as FR4 (tensile strength of ∼ 282 MPa and elongation at break of 1.95% [33]) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (tensile strength of ∼ 43.8 MPa and elongation at break of 7.2% [34,35]). The high ductility makes silicone rubber more suitable for a flexible matrix and it is easily moldable too. ...
One of the approaches for lowering radar cross section (RCS) is by reducing reflection, which can be achieved by use of absorbers. Embedded meta-structure absorbers (MSAs) are void of metallic resonating structures, which minimize out-of-band reflections reducing the chance of detection by radar systems. Here, an X-band MSA is developed by embedding ionic deep eutectic solvent gel as subwavelength cuboidal resonant structures in flexible silicone rubber. The material properties and structural geometry of the gel combines to enhance the -10 dB absorption bandwidth to more than 80%. The fabricated Gel-Si MSA is sufficiently flexible with an overall thickness of ~0.0775λ_0. 10 dB RCS reduction is evaluated ranged over the X-band. The RCS properties are insensitive to polarization angles upto ±90° and incident angle upto ±40°.
... Moreover, several works on the mechanical reliability and behavior of polymers have been carried out [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] paying attention to rupture and failure of polymer structures to keep away from accidents causing production loose plus life damage of both human and material, besides saving money. Necar [25] studied the effect of temperatures ranging from -10 to 70 ° C on the mechanical properties of CPVC. They found that the yield strength and the elastic modulus decrease linearly according to temperature. ...
Most Chlorinated Poly Vinyl Chloride (CPVC) resins contain 63-69 % chlorine, in particular those used for the extrusion of plumbing tubes, due to this chlorination of basic PVC, CPVC offers a mixture of corrosion resistance and low installation costs for its main applications requiring service in non-ambient conditions. CPVC replaces copper owing to its economic gain and by virtue of its pressure resistance characteristics. In this article, we have been interested in fracture analysis and damage modeling of CPVC tubes by subject CPVC samples to burst pressure tests. We performed a set of burst tests on virgin and artificially damaged CPVC pipe at different notch lengths, then submitted the specimens to burst pressure tests, in addition to recording the pressure and time during these tests for use in conducting the study. The results of the burst tests were exploited to estimate the damage and reliability of the material, these two parameters allow us to follow the degradation of the pipes used; subsequently, we determined a new relationship between these two parameters through the fraction life. This makes it possible to predict the moment of damage acceleration and to intervene at the right time for engaging predictive maintenance.
... The film was cut into 30 × 20-mm strips. Tensile tests were conducted following the ASTM International Test Method for Thin Plastic Sheeting (D 882-02) [19]. Each test strip was placed in tensile grips on the texture analyzer. ...
Background
Disturbed sleep can cause to m health problems such as cognitive impairment, depressed mood, and negative effects on cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune function. This study formulates and optimizes Eszopiclone trilaminate fast dissolving film.
Methods
Prepared Eszopiclone trilaminate fast dissolving film (Eszopiclone TFDF) was characterized by disintegration time, drug release, tensile strength (TS), percentage elongation (EB%), folding endurance, taste masking test, and in vitro dissolution test. The selected formulas were F2 (0.5% xanthan gum, 10% propylene glycol), F4 (3% sodium alginate, 10% propylene glycol) and F6 (1.5% pullulan, 10% propylene glycol) were subjected to in vivo study compared to conventional Lunesta® tablet.
Results
The results indicated that disintegration time was in the range of 940 m. Drug release was found to be in the field of 78.51%–99.99%, while TS values and EB% differed from 11.12 to 25.74 (MPa) and 25.38%–36.43%, respectively. The folding endurance went between 200 and 300 times. All formulas exhibited acceptable uniformity content, surface pH , film thickness, and a good taste feeling.
Conclusion
F4 had the highest C max (39.741 ± 6.785-μg/l) and lower T max (1.063 hr) among other formulas and conventional tablets. Therefore, FDFs’ technology could increase the therapeutic effect of Eszopiclone.
... Exemplarily, printed ABS parts achieve at best two-thirds of the tensile strength (44 MPa) and around three-fourths of the elastic modulus (2300 MPa) specified in the data sheet for injection molded parts, respectively [15,30]. Additional issues are the temperature sensitivity of the mechanical properties of ABS [26], the fracture behavior under uneven stress distributions and under cumulative stress [31][32][33]. However, the variety of ABS material grades and their sensitivity to environmental conditions like humidity and temperature impedes the comparison of absolute values. ...
Material extrusion is an efficient additive manufacturing process for thermoplastic materials in the field of rapid prototyping, rapid tooling, rapid manufacturing and rapid repair. Parts to be additive manufactured of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS Terluran GP 35) with mechanical properties close to the data sheet specification of injection molded parts are in the focus of this study. An in-house process chain from the plastic pellets to the finished additive manufactured product is developed to monitor and to define the process parameters for each individual processing step using the terpolymer. By varying the parameters extrusion nozzle diameter and layer height, the production-related internal part structure and the surface topography of the additive manufactured tensile test specimens are improved in such a way that the mechanical property yield strength rises from 55% to 75% of the data sheet specification for injection molded ABS parts. The elongation at break increases from 42% up to 70% of the specified data. The smallest extrusion nozzle diameter in connection with the smallest layer height provide the densest internal part structure, the lowest surface roughness and the best mechanical properties. Especially the ductility was controlled by the manufacturing parameters since the number of pores introduced in the internal part structure determine the number of crazes. Apart from ductility, even with low layer height but larger extrusion nozzle diameter, the resistance to failure of the material extrusion manufactured parts improves significantly and saves manufacturing time by a factor of 10.
As drone technology grows in popularity, its application to automate aspects of society is increasing at a similar rate, where drones are now being trialled for delivering payloads over short distances. In order to progress the technology, 3D composite printing is being used to develop complicated parts for improved aerodynamic design that can be produced efficiently, where the resultant composite part has high specific strength and rigidity. This article reports 3D printing of high specific strength, high-temperature Polyamide 6 (Onyx), continuous glass-fibre reinforced Onyx, and carbon-fibre reinforced Onyx composites and characterising their mechanical and fracture behaviour. The Onyx + CF composites displayed up to 1243 % and 1344 % improvement in Young’s modulus and tensile strength over neat Onyx samples. The flexural strength of Onyx + CF samples was up to 316.6 % higher than the flexural strength of the neat Onyx sample. SEM micrographs showed a strong bond between the hydration products and the carbon fibres, increasing their tensile and flexural strengths by preventing micro- crack propagation through fibre pull-out and breaking. The statistical analysis was conducted to ensure the validity of the results for the population and establish stress-strain relations, along with estimating errors. In addition, the carbon-fibre-reinforced Onyx composite was compared with commercially used alternatives for producing drone components. Finally, a finite element model was developed using a numerical homogenisation approach and validated to predict the tensile and flexural behaviour of Onyx and carbon-fibre reinforced Onyx samples. This study provides a direction for the next generation of drone manufacturers.
