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A summary account is given of the 33 holothurian species known from the South Atlantic Bight, from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape Canaveral, Florida, from the shore to a depth of 200 meters. Four of the six known orders of holothurians are represented in the study area. Each species is diagnosed and illustrated; citations of informative lit...
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... Global: se distribuye en la Isla Ascensión y en el Atlántico occidental desde la Florida y Bahamas hasta Brasil, incluyendo el Golfo de México y el Caribe (Pawson 1978, Pawson et al. 2010. Nacional: en el Caribe colombiano desde La Guajira hasta el área del Golfo de Morrosquillo en la parte continental. ...
Este libro presenta los resultados de la segunda evaluación del riesgo de extinción de invertebrados marinos en Colombia, un esfuerzo coordinado por INVEMAR y MINAMBIENTE, que involucró a 53 investigadores nacionales y contó con la asesoría del personal de la UICN.
... Global: se distribuye en la Isla Ascensión y en el Atlántico occidental desde la Florida y Bahamas hasta Brasil, incluyendo el Golfo de México y el Caribe (Pawson 1978, Pawson et al. 2010. Nacional: en el Caribe colombiano desde La Guajira hasta el área del Golfo de Morrosquillo en la parte continental. ...
Anteriormente aceptada con el nombre Farfantepenaeus notialis, pero a partir del trabajo de Ma et al. (2011) quedó clara la monofilia del género Penaeus sensu lato, que incluye los géneros Penaeus, Fenneropenaeus, Litopenaeus y Farfantepenaeus.
... Furthermore, they are divided into three subclasses Aspidochirotacea, Apodacea, and Dendrochirotacea (Chen et al., 2021;Mondol et al., 2017;Pawson et al., 2010). These three subclasses are divided into six orders which are Apodida, Dactylochirotida, Dendrochirotida, Elasipodida, Aspidochirotida, and Molpadida (Chen et al., 2021). ...
Sea cucumbers are worm-like, leathery bodied, benthic, marine organisms with a branched gonad. There are over 900 species, and these organisms are capable of changing their mechanical state, regenerating their small appendages, and digestive tract. Additionally, sea cucumbers possess both commercial and therapeutical value. Furthermore, it is thought that the metabolites these organisms possess may give rise to their therapeutical value. The use of sea cucumbers in therapy can be traced back to the Ming dynasty, where they were eaten for their tonic properties against constipation, hypertension, and rheumatism. A plethora of studies have been conducted, whereby different metabolites were extracted from sea cucumbers and tested for different therapeutic properties. Herein, we review and discuss the anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of the sea cucumber by assessing literature on PubMed and Google Scholar. Furthermore, the genome and epigenome of these remarkable species is discussed. With the immense data supporting the therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers, further studies are warranted, in order to develop novel and innovative therapeutic compounds for the benefit of human health from these fascinating marine organisms.
... Furthermore, T. gemmata is a bioindicator species, as its presence indicates a high level of biodiversity in subtropical and tropical ecosystems (Marrugo-Negrete 2021). Thyonella gemmata is primarily distributed in the shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean with some occurrences off the West Coast of the United States throughout the Pacific Ocean, with a depth range of 0À6 m (Pawson et al. 2010). Thyonella gemmata population diversity can be recorded through sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA as a method of genomic identification, which is more accurate than employing morphological differences between species (Pawson et al. 2010). ...
... Thyonella gemmata is primarily distributed in the shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean with some occurrences off the West Coast of the United States throughout the Pacific Ocean, with a depth range of 0À6 m (Pawson et al. 2010). Thyonella gemmata population diversity can be recorded through sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA as a method of genomic identification, which is more accurate than employing morphological differences between species (Pawson et al. 2010). The complete mitogenome of T. gemmata reported here will provide information for future genetic research. ...
... Further analysis into the phylogenetic tree of T. gemmata showed that separated clades have distinct physiological differences. The clade consisting of T. gemmata and C. miniata have equally distributed tube feet resulting in U-shaped muscular contractions for burrowing in sediment (Pawson et al. 2010). The outgroup, P. liuwutiensis, has scattered tube feet with the majority of tube feet being ventrally distributed. ...
Thyonella gemmata , also known as the Green sea cucumber, is a biomedically and ecologically important species. In this study, the complete mitogenome of T. gemmata (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) collected from the Florida Panhandle, USA is reported. The mitochondrial genome of T. gemmata consisted of 15,696 base pairs, and was composed of 36.10% A, 28.27% T, 23.18% C, and 12.45% G. There were 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes within the mitogenome of T. gemmata. Mapping out the complete mitochondrial genome of T. gemmata, will help aid in future evolutionary studies and can be applied to future phylogenetic research of holothurians and related species.
... Difficulties concerning the taxonomy of Thyonella have long been known (Pawson & Miller, 1984;Pawson et al., 2010). According to Pawson & Miller (1984), the ossicles in T. gemmata vary considerably throughout the body wall in both anterior and posterior ends. ...
The genus Thyonella currently comprises four species which occur in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Thyonella mexicana is the only species known to occur in the Pacific Ocean. The main morphological characters used to distinguish Thyonella species are their dermal ossicles. Since the differences among these characters are subtle, this contribution provides
a detailed description and comparison of the ossicle assemblage of the concerned taxa. In addition, description of the internal morphology of three of the concerned species is also provided. Further, this study reports on the first record of Thyonella sabanillaensis for the Southwestern Atlantic. A worldwide revision of the distributional records of Thyonella
species is presented and their taxonomy is discussed, concluding that some traditional taxonomic characters should be used cautiously. A brief discussion about the importance of SEM analysis is also provided.
... I. badionotus is a detritivore sea cucumber belonging to the Stichopodidae and is distributed from north California to south Brazil on the western Atlantic, in Ascension Island in the central Atlantic, and in Sao Tome Island to the Gulf of Guinea in the eastern Atlantic, at depths of up to 65 m (Pawson, Pawson, & King, 2010;Purcell et al., 2012). ...
Isostichopus badionotus is a new commercially important sea cucumber in the Caribbean that has rapidly shown signs of overexploitation. There is no information on the growth and survival rates for wild or hatchery‐produced early juveniles. Hatchery production and determination of juvenile growth rates are essential for future aquaculture efforts for this species. In this study, daily growth rate (GR), specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), survival rate (SR), and weight–length relation (WLR) were evaluated using small (0.01 g) and large (0.25 g) hatchery‐produced early juveniles under laboratory conditions. Growth was rapid compared to other cultured sea cucumber species; maximal values of SGR and WG were obtained for small juveniles (4.58%/day and 2,191%, respectively), while maximal GR and SR were obtained for large juveniles (0.29 mm/day and 99.17%, respectively). A wide range of sizes was evident at the end of each trial. The WLR of small and large juveniles fit with a negative allometric growth trend. This study highlights the potential production of I. badionotus as early juvenile stages withstand hatchery handling well and exhibit a high SR, reaching commonly released mean sizes (>0.7 g and 25 mm) after almost 3 months (120 days postfertilization).
... Species of Apodida are distributed from shallow to deep oceanic waters and are usually nocturnal deposit feeders (Pawson et al. 2010). This order includes holothurians without podia, and ossicles of the wheel or anchor type in the body wall. ...
... The analyzed material is deposited in the Invertebrate Collection Paulo Young, Federal University of Paraiba (CIPY-UFPB), Echinodermata Collection, Zoology Museum, Federal University of Bahia (MZUFBA), Echinodermata Collection, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), and Holothuroidea Collection, Zoology Museum, State University of Campinas (ZUEC), Brazil. The methods used followed those of Rowe & Doty (1977) and Pawson et al. (2010). Tissue fragments from tentacles and the body wall were immersed in a 3% solution of sodium hypochlorite and washed in distilled water and then in absolute ethanol for the extraction of ossicles. ...
This study presents a review of the species Protankyra ramiurna Heding, 1928 and Protankyra benedeni (Ludwig, 1881) from the Brazilian coast. Some authors consider that these two taxa represent a single variable species. Our comparative analysis of external characters, anatomy and ossicle morphology indicates that they represent distinct species. This is the first record of Protankyra ramiurna from Brazil.
... Taxonomic identifications were based on Tommasi (1970), Hendler et al. (1995), Borges et al. (2002), Borges & Amaral (2005), , Benavides-Serrato et al. (2011), Borrero-Pérez et al. (2012, Tommasi (1969), Pawson et al. (2010), and Martins et al. (2012). Specimens were photographed with a Canon Powershot A2000IS digital camera, and a Leica MZ12.5 stereomicroscope. ...
... Distribution: From North Carolina, Gulf of Mexico, Venezuela, and Brazil (Bahia) (Pawson et al. 2010, Martins et al. 2012). The species is found until 5 m deep (Laguarda-Figueras et al. 2001). ...
... The species is found until 5 m deep (Laguarda-Figueras et al. 2001). It is found from 6 to 51 m depth (Pawson et al. 2010, Martins et al. 2012. ...
This study presents the species of echinoderms found inside rhodolith branches from Seixas Beach, State of Paraíba, Brazil, during one year of rhodolith sampling. A total of 64 specimens were analyzed and identified into 12 species, belonging to 11 genera, eight families and three classes. Brief taxonomic descriptions, figures and ecological notes for recorded species are provided. Ophiuroidea and Holothuroidea were the most representative taxa. Biogenic structures are an important habitat for young specimens and some small species of Echinodermata. Some species complete their life cycle in these structures, while others spend part of their life in these substrates and may also migrate to other habitats. The work complements the knowledge of echinoderm biodiversity from Northeastern of Brazil and aims to support future projects of protection and sustainable management of this area.
... Taxonomic list was organized systematically according Appeltans et al. (2012). The methods used for identification followed those of Rowe & Doty (1977) and Pawson et al. (2010). ...
... Ossicles of body wall are tables with approximately 12 marginal spines on disc. There is also an inner layer with plates with two or four central perforations, and the margins of the plates are equipped with robust spines (Pawson et al. 2010 Deichmann, 1930 (Figure 1E) Material examined: UFPB/ECH-2070, 1 spec., 06°57'S, 34°38'W, PB. ...
... Geographic distribution: Golfo do Mexico, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Brazil (Pawson et al. 2010). ...
p align="justify">O estudo apresenta a primeira lista de espécies de holotúrias para a costa do Estado da Paraíba, região nordeste do Brasil. A lista de espécies foi elaborada com base no estudo de espécimes depositados na coleção de Invertebrados Paulo Young, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Um total de 16 espécies pertencentes a sete famílias foram registradas. Dessa forma, contribuímos para os estudos de biodiversidade da costa nordeste do Brasil.
Palavras chave : Pepinos-do-mar, Taxonomia, nordeste do Brasil, Oceano Atlântico.
Abstract : The study presents the first species list for holothurians from the coast of the State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. The list was made based on the study of specimens deposited in the Invertebrate Collection Paulo Young, Federal University of Paraíba. A total of 16 species from seven families of Holothuroidea were recorded. This paper contributes to the biodiversity studies from the northeast coast of Brazil.
Key words : Sea cucumbers, Taxonomy, northeastern Brazil, Atlantic Ocean.</p
... Likewise, changes in morphology also occur during somatic growth from juvenile to adult stages (Cutress 1996). Depending on the species, these spicules constitute about 3-70% of the dry weight of the holothuroid body wall (Pawson et al. 2010) and may show a great variety of forms. ...
... Spicules were prepared using established methodologies (Purcell et al. 2012). The spicules were photographed and the species identified using identification guides by Purcell et al. (2012) and Pawson et al. (2010). ...
