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Owing to their intrinsic properties of wide availability, low cost, portability, environmental friendliness and degradability, paper and paper-based materials are receiving increasing attention since birth. Recent increasing studies suggest that paper and paper-based materials possess bright application prospects for the purpose of realizing sustai...
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... Paper-and cotton-based materials are gaining growing interest in a wide range of applications owing to their inherent advantages such as widespread availability, affordability and eco-friendliness [52]. The CDs were attached to cellulose fibres (cotton or paper) by direct incubation of the fibres with the CD solution at neutral pH, as detailed in §2.3. ...
This study focuses on the development of antimicrobial fibres for use in medical and healthcare textile industries. Carbon dots (CDs) were designed with boronic acid groups for the attachment to cellulose fibres found in cotton textiles and to enhance their attachment to glycogens on bacterial surfaces. Boronic acid-based and curcumin-based CDs were prepared and characterized using various techniques, showing a nanoscale size and zeta potential values. The CDs inhibited the growth of both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli bacteria, with UV-activated CDs demonstrating improved antibacterial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the CDs was then tested, revealing strong adherence to cellulose paper fibres with no CD diffusion and potent inhibition of bacterial growth. Cytotoxicity assays on human cell lines showed no toxicity towards cells at concentrations of up to 100 µg ml⁻¹ but exhibited increased toxicity at concentrations exceeding 1000 µg ml⁻¹. However, CD-modified cellulose paper fibres showed no toxicity against human cell lines, highlighting the antimicrobial properties of the CD-modified cellulose fibres are safe for human use. These findings show promising potential for applications in both industrial and clinical settings.
... Benefit from the BN-OH nanosheet with a higher refractive index (2.2) (Rah et al. 2019) and relatively wide band gap (5.96 eV) (Cassabois et al. 2016;Li et al. 2015), which can effectively reflect or scatter sunlight (Fig. 4d). Figure 4e shows that the reflectivity of the MCB fabric in the solar wavelength (0.3-2.5 μm) increased to 70.4%, relative to the MCF fabric reducing solar absorption by about 15%. In addition, MCF and MC fabrics have the same emissivity (~ 89%) in the atmosphere window (8-13 μm), which is mainly attributed to the multiple vibration modes of cellulose and CMC molecules of C-O-C (1260-1110 cm −1 ), C-C (867 cm −1 ), C-OH (1239-1030 cm −1 ), and C-H (1382-1300 cm −1 ) bonds (Fan et al. 2023;Zhang et al. 2023). However, the emissivity of MCB fabrics in the atmosphere window is higher than that of MCF and MC fabrics, reaching approximately 90%, demonstrating that grafted BN-OH nanosheets on the surface of MCB fabrics have a positive effect on the emissivity due to the vibrations of B-N-B and B-N bonds. ...
Herein, we report a cooling fabric with thermal conduction and radiative cooling capabilities through grafting hydroxylated boron nitride (BN-OH) nanosheets onto the surface of cotton fibers. The thermal conduction layer formed by BN-OH nanosheets enables the modified fabric with excellent thermal conductivity, which is 42% higher than that of the original cotton fabric. Resulting in the modified fabric exhibits great cooling power and increases the cooling setpoint temperature by 1 °C, which corresponds to reduced 11.2% indoor cooling energy consumption. Additionally, the Mid-infrared emissivity and solar reflectivity are increased to 90% and 70.4%, respectively, suggesting that wearing modified fabric under direct sunlight can enable the artificial skin to avoid overheating by 7.8 °C compared to bare skin. Moreover, the modified fabric also presents a considerable contact cool feeling, impressive wearability, and durability. We expect this work to present new insights for the design of personal thermal management textiles.
Graphical abstract
Pulp and paper are gradually transforming from a traditional industry into a new green strategic industry. In parallel, cellulose-derived transparent paper is gaining ground for the development of advanced functional materials for light management with eco-friendly, high performance, and multifunctionality. This review focuses on methods and processes for the preparation of cellulose-derived transparent papers, highlighting the characterization of raw materials linked to responses to different properties, such as optical and mechanical properties. The applications in electronic devices, energy conversion and storage, and eco-friendly packaging are also highlighted with the objective to showcase the untapped potential of cellulose-derived transparent paper, challenging the prevailing notion that paper is merely a daily life product. Finally, the challenges and propose future directions for the development of cellulose-derived transparent paper are identified.
The water absorption and flammability of paper pose significant challenges for its long-term effectiveness. In addressing these concerns, a paper modification strategy was proposed that synergistically incorporated superhydrophobicity and flame retardancy. This approach involved the formation of a micro or nano-level rough structure on the paper surface through sodium silicate modification. Subsequent modification with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resulted in a functional paper, exhibiting excellent superhydrophobic properties. The water contact angle (WCA) and sliding angle (SA) of the modified paper reached 153.5° and 9°, respectively, exhibiting excellent self-cleaning ability and wear resistance. The results from TG–DTG analysis and cone calorimeter tests indicated that the superhydrophobic paper exhibited remarkable thermal stability and flame-retardant properties. These properties contributed to enhancing the safety of products during application. The comprehensive improvement in paper properties, including its superhydrophobicity, flame retardancy, and thermal stability, holds significant implications for expanding its application range and enhancing its overall utility.
