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This paper aims to present a new way of providing functional rehabilitation to paralyzed upper extremity patient using Brain Computer Interface technology. In this we use Brain wave mobile which consists of only two electrode, pre frontal electrode and reference electrode placed on ear lobe, to acquire the electroencephalography (EEG) signal. The a...
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... key handle design gives the capacity to get level questions between the flexing thumb and the flexed fingers appeared in Figure 6. While in the palmar handle design, the thumb is situated resistance to the forefinger as appeared in Figure 7. licenses bigger articles to be taken care of. ...
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![Fig.2. Brain Lobes and their Functions [3][4]](profile/Norizam-Sulaiman/publication/360594358/figure/fig2/AS:11431281180833940@1691728591093/Brain-Lobes-and-their-Functions-34_Q320.jpg)
Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are widely employed in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) or Human–Machine Interface (HMI) technique to provide assistive technology that can be used by paralyzed or disabled people. BCI or HMI technique will let paralyzed people to operate home automation such as lamp, fan, television and other home appliances by usi...
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Machine learning models have opened up enormous opportunities in the field of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). Despite their great success, they usually face severe limitations when they are employed in real-life applications outside a controlled laboratory setting. Mixing causal reasoning, identifying causal relationships between variables of int...
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Citations
... is shows that this treatment is effective and persistent, but it is worth noting that the design of brain signal detection and control signal is difficult. is also opens up new doors and challenges for the research direction of spinal cord electrical stimulation technology, such as the detection of EEG signals [99], new control method [97], and inflammatory reaction of intrusive electrode [100,101]. In addition, spinal cord electrical stimulation based on BCI requires patients to have good enough motor imagination to generate motor electrical signals; otherwise, it is a difficult problem to control spinal cord electrical stimulation [102][103][104]. ...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an existing incurable disease that brings great pain and life obstacles to patients. Spinal cord electrical stimulation is an effective means to alleviate spinal cord injury. However, its complicated mechanism of action is still unclear. This article aims to summarize several different spinal cord electrical stimulation methods, analyze the stimulation effect, and briefly describe the current understanding of its origin and mechanism of action. In recent years, several application cases of the electrical stimulation system of stimulation methods have confirmed its positive effects in spinal cord injury diseases and provided new perspectives for the improvement of spinal cord injury. Finally, the possible development direction and corresponding challenges of spinal cord electrical stimulation in the future are proposed.
... g.Tec equipment was used in 54 articles for the EEG method , 33 articles used Emotiv equipment , and 24 articles used Compumedics Neuroscan equipment . Further, 16 articles used Brain Products equipment [191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206], 13 articles used NeuroSky equipment [207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219], and Neuroelectrics [220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227] and OpenBCI [228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235] equipment were used in eight articles each. Moreover, seven articles used Biosemi equipment [236][237][238][239][240][241][242], and four articles used Medical Computer Systems equipment [243][244][245][246]. Three articles used Medicom MTD equipment [247][248][249], and another three articles used the equipment from InteraXon company [250][251][252]. ...
Humans interact with computers through various devices. Such interactions may not require any physical movement, thus aiding people with severe motor disabilities in communicating with external devices. The brain–computer interface (BCI) has turned into a field involving new elements for assistive and rehabilitative technologies. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to help BCI investigator and investors to decide which devices to select or which studies to support based on the current market examination. This examination of noninvasive EEG devices is based on published BCI studies in different research areas. In this SLR, the research area of noninvasive BCIs using electroencephalography (EEG) was analyzed by examining the types of equipment used for assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative BCIs. For this SLR, candidate studies were selected from the IEEE digital library, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria (IC) were limited to studies focusing on applications and devices of the BCI technology. The data used herein were selected using IC and exclusion criteria to ensure quality assessment. The selected articles were divided into four main research areas: education, engineering, entertainment, and medicine. Overall, 238 papers were selected based on IC. Moreover, 28 companies were identified that developed wired and wireless equipment as means of BCI assistive technology. The findings of this review indicate that the implications of using BCIs for assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative technologies are encouraging for people with severe motor disabilities and healthy people. With an increasing number of healthy people using BCIs, other research areas, such as the motivation of players when participating in games or the security of soldiers when observing certain areas, can be studied and collaborated using the BCI technology. However, such BCI systems must be simple (wearable), convenient (sensor fabrics and self-adjusting abilities), and inexpensive.
