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Pale and friable liver of 2-day-old intoxicated turkey poult after the ingestion of wood shavings contaminated with copper sulfate.
Source publication
The article reports a case of acute copper sulfate (CuSO4) poisoning in 2-day-old turkeys. The first incidences were noticed 2 h after placing the animals in the poultry house, where turkeys were provided with wood shaving bedding. Post-mortem examination showed wood shavings present in gastric and intestinal contents and numerous lesions in the al...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... visible lesions were found in other parts of the alimentary tracts (cecum, colon, and rectum). Congestion of lungs and kidneys, pale and friable livers (Figure 2), and pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, and abdominal effusions were found. The gross pathology findings were similar in all examined birds. ...
Citations
... The oxidation state of copper plays an active role in various enzyme systems, and it is not only involved in the hematopoietic system and tissue metabolism of the body, but also plays a vital role in immune function and hormone secretion. However, too low or too high copper ion levels can harm human health [54][55][56]. Therefore, the detection of copper ion (Cu 2+ ) contents are significant. ...
The issue of food safety has received significant attention in recent years. Heavy metal ions in food can accumulate in living organisms and significantly threaten human health. Therefore, it is crucial to detect heavy metal ions. Conventional instrumental analysis methods have high accuracy, but the disadvantage is the high cost and the complexity of the operation process, so it is very urgent to establish a low-cost, rapid, and continuous detection method for heavy metal ions. Field effect transistor (FET) biosensors are one of the most promising detection tools for heavy metal ion detection due to demonstrated advantages of rapidity, accuracy, and continuity in hazard detection. This review first introduces the structure and principle of graphene FETs in detail, then lists some examples of graphene FETs for detecting common heavy metal ions, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages in depth. Finally, the development direction of graphene FET biosensors in heavy metal ion detection highlighted in this paper.
... Poisoning occurs in the human body by ingesting high doses of soluble copper and lead species, accidentally consuming copper-and lead-contaminated water and food, or by deliberate ingestion of these species. There are many examples of acute copper poisoning in animals in the literature [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Lead is a heavy metal that can be toxic even in trace amounts. ...
Copper and lead ions are the most important toxic metals that cause significant environmental and health problems. In this study, we focused on the development of a very cost-effective and environmentally friendly (renewable) remediation technique using vine sprout, an industrial beer waste and readily available agricultural biowaste. In this study, it was aimed to remove the copper and lead that enter the body for various reasons orally, from the simulated stomach medium (SSM) by adsorption in order to reduce their toxic effects on human health. Activated carbon (ACVS) obtained from vine shoots was used as adsorbent. By preparing an artificial stomach medium, the most suitable adsorption parameters (pH, time, mixing speed, amount of adsorbent, and the effect of other components) were examined in the batch system. Equilibrium adsorption data was interpreted using the Langmuir model. The initial Cu(II) and Pb(II) ion concentrations were 10 mg/L and the adsorbent amount was 0.3 g, and the maximum adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions was 100% in the pH 3.5–6.5 range. The performance variables of the adsorbent used were compared with the performance variables of the commercial activated carbon (CAC) used in the emergency response. It was determined that the adsorbent used was more effective in removing copper and lead.
Graphical Abstract
... Naturally occurring cases of Cu toxicity because of feed intake are rare in poultry, most often because of accidental overdoses of copper sulfate or other Cu sources (Malinak et al., 2014). Accidental acute poisoning has been described in 2-day-old turkeys placed on wood shaving bedding disinfected with copper sulfate (Giergiel et al., 2019). ...
Bedding material or litter is an important requirement of meat chicken production which can influence bird welfare, health, and food safety. A substantial increase in demand and cost of chicken bedding has stimulated interest in alternative bedding sources worldwide. However, risks arising from the use of alternative bedding materials for raising meat chickens are currently unknown. Organic chemicals, elemental, and biological contaminants, as well as physical and management hazards need to be managed in litter to protect the health of chickens and consequently that of human consumers. This requires access to information on the transfer of contaminants from litter to food to inform risk profiles and assessments to guide litter risk management. In this review, contaminants and hazards of known and potential concern in alternative bedding are described and compared with existing standards for feed. The contaminants considered in this review include organic chemical contaminants (e.g., pesticides), elemental contaminants (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, and lead), biological contaminants (phytotoxins, mycotoxins, and microorganisms), physical hazards, and management hazards. Reference is made to scientific literature for acceptable levels of the above contaminants in chicken feed that can be used for guidance by those involved in selecting and using bedding materials.
... T. minuta extracts were found to have the highest amount of copper ions (78.00 mg/Kg wet extract sample) for this crucial anti-hemophillic factor. Concentrations of copper ions above 300 mg/kg of sample are toxic [31]. ...
Aims: Many commercial drugs used for blood clotting are expensive and have associated side-effects. The extracts of Tagetes minuta, Codieum variegatum and Tradescantia zebrine are used for blood clotting. These extracts are highly efficient and have no known side-effects. This study aimed at characterizing crude extracts of these plant species used to accelerate blood clotting. Study Design: An independent measures experimental design was used in the study. Place and duration of study: The research was conducted between 21st September, 2018 and 21st May, 2019. The study was conducted in Maasai mara university, Kenya and Multimedia university of Kenya. Methodology: Extracts of these herbs were obtained and analyzed for absorption bands, functional groups, bio-metal concentrations, physical-chemical parameters, phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity. Test for blood clotting factors (calcium and vitamin K) was also conducted. Results: All extracts had common functional group peaks at 2800-3500 cm-1 (carboxylic OH), 1680 cm-1 (carbonyl), and 1035cm-1 (C-Ostretch). The extracts had an average pH of 6.59 0.702 and conductivity of 0.58 0.079mS. The average solubility in distilled water was 16.67 1.534 g/100 ml water at 37°C. The extracts were found to be abundant in iron, copper and phytochemicals. All extracts portrayed moderate inhibition to E. coli bacteria and C. albicans fungi but mild inhibition towards S. aureus bacteria. The extracts had trace amounts of Vitamin K and moderate amounts of calcium.
... Copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ) is the most widely used copper source in animal husbandry [9,10], but it has the disadvantages of being susceptible to moisture agglomeration, catalytic oxidation of unsaturated fat in feed, and destruction of vitamin E [11]. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new type of copper source. ...
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of copper sources and levels on lipid profiles, immune parameters, antioxidant defenses, and trace element contents of meat and liver in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 504 male broilers were randomly divided into 7 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 broilers per replicate. The experiment was used in a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial experiment design; broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, and broilers in the other six groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 3 sources (copper sulfate, tribasic copper chloride, and copper methionate) and 2 levels (10 and 20 mg/kg). The results showed that the levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in broilers were significantly decreased with the increase of dietary copper level (P < 0.05). Serum IL-6 and IgA contents, ceruloplasmin and GSH-Px activities, and liver copper contents of broilers increased significantly with dietary copper levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary copper supplementation significantly decreased serum cholesterol (P < 0.05) and significantly increased serum IL-6, ceruloplasmin, SOD, GSH-Px, and liver copper (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of basic copper chloride and copper methionate significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content and liver iron content (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary copper supplementation can effectively reduce serum cholesterol content and improve immune and antioxidant functions in broilers. Adding 20 mg/kg copper to broiler diet can increase the copper content in the liver, but it will not affect the copper content in the chicken.
... In the body, disorders in the composition and concentration of trace elements, including Cu, can lead to the development of various alterations that may result in incorrect functioning of the kidneys [18,34,38]. Cu is found in almost every human cell, with the highest concentration recorded in the liver [2,3,14]. ...
In the body, disorders in the composition and concentration of trace elements, including copper, can lead to the development of various alterations that may result in incorrect functioning of the kidneys. Data on the concentrations of copper in human kidneys are discussed; however, little is known about the concentration of trace elements within rejected renal grafts and kidneys with tumor lesions. The aim of our study was to compare the copper concentration between cancerous kidneys and rejected renal grafts with the division on renal cortex and renal medulla. Material consisted of kidneys from patients hospitalized at the Department of Urology and General Surgery and Transplantation of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 2 at the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, north-western Poland. The study material consisted of kidneys with tumor lesions (n = 33), and renal grafts (n = 10), obtained from patients belongs to the north-western areas of Poland. The examination was performed using ICP-AES method. Regarding the pathological kidneys, excluding grafts, the concentration of Cu in the renal cortex was 52% higher than in medullary region and the difference between the compared concentrations was statistically confirmed (p < 0.05). Taking into account renal grafts, the concentration of Cu in the medulla was slightly lower than in the cortex (less than 3%). In summary, copper in rejected and cancerous kidneys tends to accumulate in higher amount in the renal cortex than medulla, what can be explained by the fact that renal corpuscles, where the first phase of filtration is performed, are located only in the cortical region of the kidney. Furthermore, renal grafts accumulate significantly less copper than kidneys with neoplastic changes, what could have been caused by immunosuppressive medicines used by the graft recipients. The lower copper concentration in renal grafts could be a consequence of the altered immune system, including inflammatory process or/and non-immune mechanisms. Additionally, cancerous and non-cancerous kidneys exhibit different perfusion rate in renal glomeruli, what can finally lead to disparity in chemical elements concentration, including copper.
Ulceration in stomach has constantly been reported in poultry
and livestock. It usually causes persistent diarrhea and poor
absorption in animals, which leads to economic loss (Li et al.
2020, Wang et al 2021). Gizzard erosion and ulceration
syndrome (GEU) was firstly reported in chicken in 1930s. It
was described and termed as ‘ventriculitis’, ‘black vomit’,
‘vomito negro’ and ‘Muskelmagenerosionen’ in different
published articles. GEU is characterized by erosive lesions in
the koilin layer of gizzard, and macroscopic defects in
mucosa (Gjevre et al. 2013). Bacillus species, particularly
Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) group, is being widely applied as
probiotics in plant pesticides, animal feed or human food
chains. However, some pathogenic B. cereus isolates have
been recently proved to be responsible for GEU in birds and
have potential hazards to cause vomiting, diarrhea or
ulceration in birds, pigs and human as well (Li et al., 2020;
Zuo et al. 2020, Haque et al 2021a). In another study, a
pathogenic isolate of B. cereus was obtained from a diseased
hen with hemorrhaged pneumonia and its feed. Subsequently,
typical diarrhea and GEU were determined after post oral
administrations in chickens. Moreover, its genome contained
virulence genes which mediated intestinal cell death and host
immune system dysfunction (Zhang et al., 2019). When B.
cereus along with some other pathogens co-infected the
chicken and ducks, it caused GEU, and sometimes lead to
respiratory infection with immunosuppression, promoted
severe diarrhea and malnutrition (Zuo et al 2020, Haque et al
2021b, Haque et al 2022).
