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PL spectra for (a) polyaniline, (b) Cu2O, and (c) Cu2O/PANI nanocomposite at the excitation wavelength of 250 nm.
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Polyaniline embedded green copper oxide (Cu2O/PANI) nanocomposite has been synthesized through in situ chemical
polymerization method in acidic medium at room temperature. The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Cu2O/PANI
nanocomposite were investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis absorption spectra (U...
Citations
... The PANI hysteresis loop divided into two regions in the lower value of the magnetic field, the magnetic moment increased but it decreased at higher magnetic field region showed diamagnetic behavior. 50,51 The reason for the increment of the magnetic nature at a low magnetic field may be due to an increase in the organic acid and solvent during preparation. 52 The Co 3 O 4 /PANIand loaded with Sm 2 O 3 hybrid nanocompositematerials curves exhibited a small hysteresis loop with a contribution of ferromagnetic phase on top of the paramagnetic signal. ...
Adsorption is one of the most favored procedures in advanced wastewater treatment. Magnetic hybrid materials have a great adsorption performance and excellent reusability in the industry. For this reason, the amazing roles of Sm2O3 doping on Co3O4/PANI hybrid nanocomposite materials were studied. Co3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using the thermal decomposition technique where Sm2O3 doped Co3O4/ PANI hybrid nanocomposite materials were prepared via in situ oxidative polymerization. The X-ray analysis results confirm the successful formation of neat Co3O4 nanoparticles with cubic phase and its presence in emeraldine phase of PANI matrix. X-ray analysis also reveals that the crystallinity of hybrid nanocomposite materials increases with increasing Sm2O3 doping ratio. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed polycrystalline structure of Co3O4 nanoparticles and that the doped Sm2O3 was well incorporated and dispersed within the PANI matrix. The surfaces topography was studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum revealed two characteristic bands of PANI that are shifted towards higher wavelengths with Sm2O3 doping ratio. The calculated indirect energy gaps were found to decrease from 2.83–2.56 eV which indicates a good response of the hybrid nanocomposite materials to the effect of the UV absorption.
... Transition metal oxides are considered as excellent doping agents because the doping process takes place through oxidation of amine nitrogen atom by cation and radical cation. Transition metal oxides like Mn3O4, Cu2O, Co3O4, ZnO, TiO2, SnO2, and Fe3O4 have doped with different polymers following different polymarization methods [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Among all the metal oxides CuO and Fe2O3 are quite interesting as their manufacturing cost very less and shows semiconducting nature. ...
This paper presents results and discussion on dielectric and ac conductivity of Polycarbazole (PCz) and its PCz/CuO and PCz/Fe2O3 nanocomposites. Samples were prepared by oxidation method using ammonium persulfate as oxidizing agent. Samples were confirmed to be crystalline. Dielectric parameters are observed to be decreased with increase of frequency and temperature. Ac electrical conductivity of pure polycarbozole was found to be more than the composites. Further, conductivity increased with loading of metal oxide nanoparticles. The conductivity of all the samples is found to vary from 10 ⁻⁶ (Ωm) ⁻¹ to 10 ⁻⁴ (Ωm) ⁻¹ with the temperature (303K- 423K) and exhibited semiconducting nature. This has been ascribed to rise in the number of charge clusters inside polymer matrix with increase of metal oxide content and which in turn adds more polarons to the conduction band and, that increase conductivity. Activation energy for conduction is determined to vary from 1.07 meV to 6.17 meV for PCz/CuO systems and 0.82 meV to 4.06 meV for PCz/Fe 2 O 3 composites. It is for the first time that Polycarbazole and Polycarbazole metal oxide doped nanocomposites have been studied for dielectric properties and ac conductivity over wide a range of frequency and temperature and analyzed data with respect to frequency, temperature and metal oxide content.
... However, the peak intensity varied with the annealing temperature, probably due to the change in N-configuration, causing a decrease in stretching band position (Lin et al. 2012). For Cu/NC catalysts, new characteristic peaks around 624-634 cm −1 indicate the presence of Cu 2 O in the framework (Gopalakrishnan et al. 2014). Another band at 531 cm −1 could be assigned to Cu-O stretching, thus confirming Cu incorporation in the carbon matrix (Fig. 2a) Fig. 1 The XRD patterns of (a) Cu/NC-600, Cu/NC-700, and Cu/NC-800; (b) NC-700, NC-800, and as-synthesized PANI; (c) SAED images of Cu/NC catalysts (Shirodkar et al. 2001). ...
Microbial fuel cells (SC-MFCs) have emerged as green energy devices to resolve the growing energy and environmental crisis. However, the technology’s application depends on the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. Among the electrocatalysts explored, transition metal-nitrogen-carbon composites exhibit satisfactory ORR activity. Herein, we investigate the performance of copper-nitrogen-carbon (Cu/NC) electrocatalysts for ORR, highlighting the effect of temperature, role of nitrogen functionalities, and Cu–Nx sites in catalyst performance. Cu/NC-700 demonstrated satisfactory ORR activity with an onset potential of 0.7 V (vs. RHE) and a limiting current density of 3.4 mA cm⁻². Cu/NC-700 modified MFC exhibited a maximum power density of 489.2 mW m⁻², higher than NC-700 (107.3 mW m⁻²). These observations could result from synergistic interaction between copper and nitrogen atoms, high density of Cu–Nx sites, and high pyridinic-N content. Moreover, the catalyst exhibited superior stability, implying its use in long-term operations. The electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst suggests that copper-doped carbon catalysts could be potential metal-nitrogen-carbon material for scaled-up MFC applications.
... Further, characteristic PL peak for acetic acid doped pristine PANI was observed at 433 nm, denoting the electronic transition from polaron level to π (HOMO) orbital of the polymer [53] while this characteristic PL peak of PANI appears at 393 nm for GCSPA composite. The significant blue shift in PL spectra for the ternary composite may be linked with the e-h pair recombination process or impregnable quantum confinement effect of PANI in the composite structure [54]. Subsequently, introduction of cobalt sulfide in PANI for CSPA composite or cobalt sulfide and graphite in PANI matrix for GCSPA composites, a significant reduction in luminescence intensity of the composite was observed. ...
The presence of Congo red dye (CR) in industrial sewage causes a serious threat to the environment. Therefore, it is imperative to develop high-performance, low-cost functional materials to mitigate such issues. During past decades, polyaniline and its composites have been recognized as an emerging candidate to remove hazardous organic effluents from water. The present work demonstrates the successful elimination of CR from water in presence of newly synthesized graphite/cobalt sulfide/PANI-based ternary composites. Several morphological or physicochemical characterization tools were adopted to confirm the formation of the ternary composite and subsequent synergistic interaction between individual elements of the composites. The experimental results delineate that a maximum of ∼95.55% CR removal (%) was achieved after 120 min. Fast removal (∼5–10 min) of CR dye is observed for APS/Ternary composite system. From the fitted experimental data utilizing 1st or 2nd order rate kinetic models, it was observed that the adsorption induced degradation of CR dye and the process was chemisorptions in nature. Further, an intra-molecular diffusion model was also introduced that signifies both boundary layer diffusion or intraparticle diffusion phenomenon was responsible for CR removal. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity profile of the composite treated Congo red aqueous solution was evaluated when exposed to L929 fibroblast cells after 24 h or 72 h of exposure and the result deciphers the non-toxic nature of composite treated CR water.
... The C=C and C=N stretching of quinoid rings for PABA exhibited the significant peak at 1580 cm −1 , which indicated that the synthesized PABA was composed of amine units [41,42]. The other significant peaks at 1291 and 1059 cm −1 for ABA and 1228 and 1040 cm −1 for PABA corresponded to C-N stretching of the aromatic ring and aliphatic amine, respectively [38,43]. In addition, the -NH 2 out-of-plane bending vibration for ABA and PABA showed similar peaks at 690 and 691 cm −1 , respectively [38,44]. ...
... The ABA and PABA exhibited PL signals with peak maxima at 446 nm, which were due to the π-π* transition of the benzenoid units. The PL spectra of PABA showed a further broad peak at 530 nm, which implied the de-excitation of the polymer backbone and the effect of the chlorine ion dopant from the HCl solution [43,46,48,49]. ...
Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter which indicates the risk of several neurological diseases. The selective determination with low detection limit is necessary for early diagnosis and prevention of neurological diseases associated with abnormal concentration of DA. The purpose of this study is to fabricate a poly(3-aminobenzylamine)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PABA/PSS) multilayer thin film for use as an electrochemical DA biosensor. The PABA was firstly synthesized using a chemical oxidation method of 3-aminobenzylamine (ABA) monomer with ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant. For electrochemical biosensor, the PABA/PSS thin film was fabricated on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrate using the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method. The optimized number of bilayers was achieved using SEM and cyclic voltammetry (CV) results. The electroactivity of the optimized LBL thin film toward detection of DA in neutral solution was studied by CV and amperometry. The PABA/PSS thin film showed good sensitivity for DA sensing with sensitivity of 6.922 nA.cm−2.µM−1 and linear range of 0.1–1.0 µM (R2 = 0.9934), with low detection limit of 0.0628 µM, long-term stability and good reproducibility. In addition, the selectivity of the PABA/PSS thin film for detection of DA under the common interferences (i.e., ascorbic acid, uric acid and glucose) was also presented. The prepared PABA/PSS thin film showed the powerful efficiency for future use as DA biosensor in real sample analysis.
... Furthermore, PANI has properties strongly depended on its oxidation and protonation states, doping level, and kind of dopants [3]. Gopalakrishnan et al. [4] found that as Cu 2 O is added to PANI, the band gap increased, magnetic properties did not improve, and its photoluminescence spectrum emitted a green color which nominated it to be used in photonic devices. Shambharkar et al. [5] found the thermal stability of NiO-doped polyaniline nanocomposite improved due to the molecular level interaction between NiO nanoparticles and PANI backbone. ...
... It is known that the π-π* transition of the benzenoid unit is responsible for the emission in polyaniline [24]. Gopalakrishnan et al. [4] studied the effect of different excited wavelengths on the PL emission of PANI, and they found that the major peak at 467 nm is shifted blue when compared to the bulk polyaniline which demonstrated the strong quantum confinement. Furthermore, other weaker emission peaks appeared in polyaniline as the excitation wavelength changed due to the increase of density of states. ...
Polyaniline (PANI) coupled with Se0.95Fe0.05 in various weight percentage (5 and 10 wt%) were formed by in situ polymerization method of PANI in the presence of Se0.95Fe0.05. The functionality of the investigated nanocomposites was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. The structural characteristics of PANI and the existence of Se0.95Fe0.05 together with PANI were confirmed using XRD. The different functional groups of nanocomposite were studied using FTIR. PANI/Se0.95Fe0.05 nanocomposites exhibited a weak ferromagnetic behavior. Law of Approach to saturation was used to determine the saturation magnetization of nanocomposites samples. The PL of PANI and nanocomposites emitted five emissions in violet and blue ranges. The PL intensity of the emission peaks is significantly reduced when Se0.95Fe0.05 is introduced to PANI matrix.
In the area of energy storage and conversion, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are receiving more and more attention. They combine organic nature with long-range order and low thermal conductivity, giving them qualities to be potentially attractive for thermoelectric applications. To make the framework electrically conductive so far, thermoelectricity in this class of materials requires infiltration by outside conductive guest molecules. In this study, an in-situ polymerization of conductive polyaniline inside the porous structure of MOF-801 was conducted to synthesize PANi@MOF-801 nanocomposites for thermoelectrical applications. The growth of polyaniline chains of different loadings inside the host MOF matrix generally enhanced bulk electrical conductivity by about 6 orders of magnitude, leading to Seebeck coefficient value of -141 µVK⁻¹ and improved thermal stability. The unusual increase in electrical conductivity was attributed to the formation of highly oriented conductive PANi chains inside the MOF pores, besides host–guest physical interaction, while the Seebeck coefficient enhancement was because of the energy filtering effect of the developed structure. Modulating the composition of PANi@MOF-801 composites by varying the aniline: MOF-801 ratio in the synthesis bath from 2:1 and 1:1 to 1:2 leads to a change in the semiconductor properties from p-type semiconductor to n-type. Among the examined composites with n-type semiconducting properties exhibited the highest ZT value, 0.015, and lowest thermal conductivity, 0.24 Wm⁻¹ K⁻¹. The synthesized composites have better performance than those recently reported for a similar category of thermoelectric materials related to MOF-based composites.
Science and technology of nanoscale materials is enriched by developing new synthetic technology and its applications in various fields. Recent development reviews the combustion method which is an efficient and simple method for the preparation of different materials and their composites. Metal oxide-based polymer nanocomposites have gained much importance due to their special applications. In addition, interfacial polymerization method has gained its importance in the synthesis of composites by eco-friendly system. Nanosized metal aluminates such as MgAl2O4 and ZnAl2O4 were prepared by a combustion route using poly(vinyl alcohol) as a fuel. Interfacial polymerization method was used for the preparation of polyaniline–MAl2O4 (PANI/MgAl2O4, PANI/ZnAl2O4) nanocomposites. These composites were well characterized for their structures by employing X-ray diffraction tool and morphology by scanning electron micrograph tool, respectively. In-depth morphology of the sample was well studied by transmission electron micrograph tool. The bonding nature of the sample was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) study, and the presence of metals in the composites was confirmed by EDX pattern. Electrical and thermal studies of the PANI/MAl2O4 composites were conducted to understand their electrical and thermal behaviors, respectively. UV–visible and DLS studies of the prepared nanocomposite were also conducted to understand the absorbance and particle distribution, respectively.
A simple chemical polymerization method is used to prepare composites of polyaniline with various compositions of cupric-oxide (PANI/CuO) at room temperature. The structural and morphological analysis is performed by XRD and SEM micrographs. The optical characterizations are performed using FT-IR, UV-visible absorption, and PLspectroscopy. The sensing characteristics have been investigated by varying the ammonia concentration over a range of 100–2000 ppm. The response/recovery time of nanocomposites systems are found reduced as compared to PANI designates faster response of sensor confirms their suitability for gas sensors.
