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PET/CT scan of multiple myeloma relapse after 9th line of therapy KRd regimen (carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone)
Source publication
In a minority of relapsed myeloma, patient's disease may spread into extramedullary sites, associated with high degrees of heterogeneity. The breadth of myeloma therapeutic armamentarium allows clinicians to manage its heterogeneous presentation, including intracranial relapses, with fair success resulting in a significant prolongation of survival....
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Objective
To assess PD-L1 expression in tumor (TC) and tumor infiltrating immune cells (IC) as a predictive factor of BCG therapy failure in high-risk NMIBC.
Materials and methods
Patients treated with complete resection followed by bladder BCG instillation for high-risk NMIBC were included. Early recurrence (ER) was defined as tumor recurrence af...
Citations
... 18 There has been experience of clonal evolution, with a switch in the monoclonal protein subtype (light chain conversion), described recently also by our group. 21 During the course of the disease, a small number of MM patients (3% of cases) can also progress with clones that lose the ability to secrete the original paraprotein (NS escape), or in other cases start secreting only light chains instead of intact monoclonal immunoglobulin (LC escape), first noted by Hobbs in 1969. 22 It is also possible that some patients have a significant decrease of original paraprotein secretion levels (oligo-secretory escape). ...
In nonsecretory, oligo‐secretory, and light chain multiple myeloma patients, serial sFLC evaluation could precede biochemical and clinical disease progression, even in extramedullary relapse, thus initiating early treatment with novel anti‐MM agents. In nonsecretory, oligo‐secretory, and light chain multiple myeloma patients, serial sFLC evaluation could precede biochemical and clinical disease progression, even in extramedullary relapse, thus initiating early treatment with novel anti‐MM agents.
