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PCR of designed primers on the genetic material of other bacterial species. (i) Escherichia coli, (ii) Proteus bacteria, (iii) Shigella, (iv) Klebsiella bacteria, (v) Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, gram-positive cocci, (vi) Ladder 100, (vii) and the positive control
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Salmonella is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis. In this study, a PCR assay was developed for the rapid detection of microbial cultures of Salmonella enterica sub species of enterica serovar Typhi in samples of patients suspected typhoid. The assay was based on duplicate the STY4669-hypothetical protein gene. The gene primers were de...
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Citations
... The presence of other elements was also observed representing carbon, sodium, nitrogen, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and chlorine. It is assumed that these elements are metabolites released by these bacterial isolates [57][58][59]. The Cl and S peaks are mostly from the FeSO 4 and FeCl 3 precursors used as part of the cocktail salts in the synthesis of these nanoparticles. ...
This study explores the potential of some soil bacteria in the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), highlighting their advantages in terms of iron uptake and tolerance capacity. Soil samples collected from a metal fabricating workshop were successively screened in nutrient broth containing 1% iron salts (Fe2O3, FeCl3, and FeSO4) following a standard microbiological sampling technique. The recovered bacterial isolates (persister cells) were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Ten bacterial isolates identified as Sporosarcina luteola, Bacillus badius (2), Bacillus subtilis (2), Bacillus tropicus, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae and Klebsiella africana were recovered. The method reports that six of the bacterial isolates extracellularly synthesize IONPs and the result from the energy dispersion x-ray (EDX) spectral analysis indicated varying weight percentages of bio-reduced iron by Bacillus subtilis-A12 (48.59%), Klebsiella quasipneumoniae (39.99%), Bacillus subtilis-B1 (39.97%), Bacillus cereus (38.62%), Bacillus badius (33.79%) and Klebsiella africana (32.61%). The IONPs exhibited absorbance peaks in the range of 250–350 nm, with a mean area size estimated between 31–72 nm using ImageJ software. Additionally, the presence of iron reductase (fhu) and cysteine desulfurase (suf) genes were detected in the recovered Bacillus and Klebsiella species through PCR analysis. This study has provided valuable insights into the physiology and genomic functions essential for microbial synthesis of IONPs and their relevance to nano-bioremediation.
... For this purpose, plant extracts and microorganisms can be used as stabilizing agents for nanoparticle synthesis as an eco-friendly approach (Jain et al., 2011). (Juibari et al., 2011(Juibari et al., , 2015 Au Salmonella anterica Extracellular 42 (Mortazavi et al., 2017) Ag Cupriavidus sp. Extracellular < 100 nm (Ameen et al., 2020;Santos et al., 2022) Bacteria as nano-stabilizing agent for nanoparticle synthesis There are many microorganisms that have been reported to produce inorganic materials either extracellularly or intracellularly (Gangan et al., 2023). ...
Cereals are an important source of nutrients for animals. Several diseases cause severe yield loss in cereal crops. Bacterial diseases result in varying yield losses across cereals: Wheat (5-40%), maize (15-98.9%), rice (20-70%), pearl millet (3-35%), and oats (15-49%). Diseases may be bacterial diseases, fungal or viral. Bacterial diseases are traditionally treated by pesticides. Chemically synthesized pesticides are toxic and hazardous to the environment. Nanotechnology is emerging and novel field for agriculture, especially in plant pathology as a strong antimicrobial agent. Nanoparticles have been synthesized in various ways i.e., biological, physical, and chemical methods. Chemical and physical methods of nanoparticles are costly and toxic to the environment. The biological method for the synthesis of nanoparticles is eco-friendly and economical. Microorganisms or plant extracts are used for metal nanoparticle synthesis. The application of nanoparticles in agriculture has a wide scope and it can bring nano-revolution. This review summarizes the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles and their role in bacterial disease management of cereals.
... The application of nanostructures in medicine has different advantages in diagnosis and treatment. Permanence; compatibility; comfortable synthesis; controllability and tunability of size and shape; optical, magnetic, photothermal and electronic properties; especially low toxicity; bactericidal activity; and biological-loading capacity of nanostructures are the critical factors for use in nanomedicine [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]46]. Among nanostructures, metallic ones have received much attention in medicine. ...
Objective:
Noble metal nanomaterials have been introduced as ideal sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of cancer. In this research, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and mesoporous platinum (MPt) were first synthesized and then evaluated as novel sonosensitizers.
Methods:
Ultrasound waves were radiated at two different power densities and two different pulse ratios to develop a pulsed radiation route for SDT of the malignant melanoma cell line C540 (B16/F10). Fluorescence emission was recorded as an indicator of intracellular reactive oxygen generation during the treatment.
Results:
Platinum nanoparticles had an average diameter of 12 ± 7 nm and a zeta potential of -17.6 mV; also, MPt had a sponge-like and highly porous structure with a pore size <11 nm and a zeta potential of -39.5 mV. Both PtNPs and MPt, particularly the latter, enhanced the rate of inhibition of tumor cell growth on ultrasound radiation at an output power density of 1.0 W cm-2 and pulse ratio of 30% over 10 min without intensifying temperature.
Conclusion:
Use of the developed pulsed (rather than continuous) radiation in SDT and PtNPs or MPT, without hyperthermia, resulted in a new effective cancer treatment method based on the mechanisms of cavitation and/or ROS generation.
... Next to the advantages of these procedures, there are disadvantages as well since the involved substances are toxic and their usage in medical research is limited [141,142]. In addition, some of the applied materials remain insoluble and can cause environmental pollution [143][144][145][146]. Therefore, in recent years, the application of biological or green methods was noticeably highlighted in order to overcome the disadvantages [147][148][149][150][151]. Green synthesis is defined as the exertion of biological organisms, such as microorganisms, for completing the synthesizing processes that are composed of different bacteria species, actinomycetes [152], algae, fungi, bacteria [153], and biomass [154] or plant extracts [155][156][157][158][159]. Green synthesizing techniques lack the hazardous aspects of physical and chemical methods, and on the other hand, they were confirmed to be environmentally friendly [160] and cost-effective [161] without requiring the usage of high pressure, high energy, high temperature, and toxic chemicals [162][163][164][165]. The application of plant extracts for the synthesis of nanoparticles may be a better option than other biological methods since it is suitable for conducting large-scale synthesis while being more cost-effective, as well as capable of accurately preserving the cellular environment [166][167][168]. ...
The great potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for biomedical applications is attributed to their physicochemical properties. In this work, pure and Ag and Ce dual-doped ZnO NPs were synthesized through a facile and green route to examine their cytotoxicity in breast cancer and normal cells. The initial preparation of dual-doped nanoparticles was completed by the usage of taranjabin. The synthesis of Ag and Ce dual-doped ZnO NPs was started with preparing the Ce:Ag ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. The cytotoxicity effects of synthesized nanoparticles against breast normal cells (MCF-10A) and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were examined. The hexagonal structure of synthesized nanoparticles was observed through the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images exhibited the spherical shape and smooth surfaces of prepared particles along with the homogeneous distribution of Ag and Ce in ZnO with high-quality lattice fringes without any distortions. According to the cytotoxic results, the effects of Ag/Ce dual-doped ZnO NPs on breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells were significantly more than of pure ZnO NPs, while dual-doped and pure nanoparticles remained indifferent towards breast normal (MCF-10A) cells. In addition, we investigated the antimicrobial activity against harmful bacteria.
Graphical Abstract
... Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties, such as a large surface area to mass ratio, ultra-small size and high reactivity, which differ from bulk materials with the same composition. The unique property or desirable characteristics of nanomaterials decide its potential application in many fields [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. ...
A new voltammetric sensor is proposed for the determination of bisphenol A, using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Fe3O4/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite. The modification of the electrode surface was performed by dispersion drop-casting. The electrochemical behavior of bisphenol A was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The oxidation peak was observed during the anodic potential scan at potentials of 0.45 V. Higher anodic peak currents (Ipa) were observed at Fe3O4/GO/GCE modified electrode than at bare GCE. The electrochemical determination by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) revealed a linear response in the concentration range of 1.0×10-7 to 5.0×10-5 M, with a detection limit of 9.0×10-8 M. The proposed method was successfully applied using water samples, with good recoveries.
... The prefix 'Nano' derives from a Greek term that means "dwarf " and refers to objects that are one-billionth in size [2]. The study of structures and molecules in the nanometre range of 1-100 nm is known as nanotechnology [3]. Nanotechnology as themes of interest such as economic relevance, environmental friendliness, and social appropriateness, as well as the accessibility of local properties. ...
The use of viable cells in the green production of nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising and unique method in nanotechnology. The purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive dissection on the use of various extracts of plant parts in the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs). In comparison to the physical and chemical methods, green nanotechnology based on biosynthesis has recently attracted a lot of attention. Biosynthesis has been discovered to be more energy-efficient and capable of avoiding the usage of toxic chemicals. Several strategies have recently been employed to boost the productivity of nanoparticles with varying sizes, shapes, and stability. The shape, size, surface charge, and surface area of NPs have all been associated with their mechanical, optical, magnetic, and chemical properties. The impact of various reaction conditions such as pH, plant extract concentration, reaction temperature, and ionic ratio on the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles is also discussed to provide a thorough knowledge of how these variables affect the development of bimetallic nanoparticles. Different techniques are used to detect and analyze biosynthesized NPs, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS, XRD, zeta potential studies, and so on. The green method of NP synthesis can be used in a variety of biotechnological sectors.
... According to many previous studies, a biosynthetic method that involves the usage of plants and microorganisms can be considered as a cost-effective, inexpensive, and easy way for synthesizing nanoparticles. [3,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] In this regard, the synthesis of NiO nanoparticles through the utilization of different plants such as Agathosma betulina, [45] Moringa oleifera, [46] Aegle marmelos, [47] Hydrangea paniculata, [48] Okra, [49] Rheum Turkestanicum [50] has been researched. Zizyphus jujuba is a drought-resistant tree with an edible fruit that contains medicinal properties. ...
In the present study, nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared using the aqueous extract of Zizyphus jujuba. The temperature and time calcination was studied on size and morphology of synthesized nanoparticles. In addition, the obtained nanoparticles were identified through PXRD, UV-Vis, Raman, FESEM, and EDX methods. The results of PXRD, which were surveyed through Debye-Scherrer and Rietveld refinement, confirmed the face centered cubic (FCC) structure of synthesized nanoparticles. The formation of synthesized NiO NPs was indicated by peak that was revealed at 295 nm through UV-Vis spectrum. According to the FESEM results, the obtained nanoparticles (at 350 to 600 °C temperatures) were uniformed in shape and contained a size range of about 5–30 nm. Subsequent to investigating their photocatalytic activity against methylene blue (MB) dye in the role of a cationic dye, we estimated the degradation coefficient of methylene blue to be 65.5% throughout 180 min of treatment time.
... Such proteins protrude through the bactericidal cell membrane, allowing the transport of nutrients through the cell wall. The nanomaterials inactivate the proteins and decrease the membrane permeability, which leads to the death of the microbe [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. ...
... In a recent study, a human pathogenic bacterium Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi isolated from blood and stool specimens of patients provided the biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Mortazavi et al. 2017). Characterizations of some gold nanoparticles synthesized by bacteria are enlisted in Table 11.2. ...
Nanotechnology is a new approach for the production of particles with unique features at the nanoscale dimensions. Among the various routes available for the synthesis of these nanoparticles, biogenic synthesis is a simple, low-cost, and eco-friendly method. The biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles is provided by various natural sources including plants, fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, and algae. Gold nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes are synthesized using biomass and/or extract of the organism. Enzymes secreted by microorganisms and metabolites of plants act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents for the production of the nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles have antibacterial/antifungal properties that can be used to protect plants against pathogens. In addition, they can be applied for pesticide identification and water purification. This chapter focuses on the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles, their characterization, and application in agriculture.
... Various methods such as green synthesis oxidation [2,9,19,27,43], chemical reduction [17,23,50], bacterial synthesis [4,7,35], fungal synthesis [42], laser ablation [8,16,48], CVD method [25,31,40,41,46], solvothermal [6,14], halogen-free synthesis [22,44] and seed-mediated synthesis [26,36] have been used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles with different size, shapes and properties depending on the synthesis method and experimental conditions, as shown in the Table 1. ...
We have synthesized fusiform gold nanoparticles by recovering gold from a solution of gold nanoparticles obtained by dispersing of gold electrodes in hexane by pulsed plasm in liquid method. Formation of fusiform gold nanoparticles with length from 50 to 150 nm, and diameter of 5–15 nm was achieved by pulsed plasma in liquid method. Fusiform gold nanoparticles obtained by our method are different from the spindle-shaped gold nanoparticles which were synthesized from the growth solution, due to their loose structure, while spindle-shaped gold nanoparticles are dense and much larger in size (length 300–400 nm, diameter ~ 100–150 nm). In addition to this work, dumbbell-shaped magnetite/gold (Fe3O4/Au) nanoparticles were synthesized by using magnetite nanoparticles obtained in a cetylpyridinium bromide (CpyBr) solution with concentration of 0.1% and a gold nanosolution, where 0.1% sodium citrate solution was applied as a reducing agent. Our proposed method is characterized by the forming of discharge localization during the electrodes erosion process, simpler and does not require use of nuclei in the form of spherical gold nanoparticles and presence of growth solution. Fusiform gold nanoparticles were formed by simple reduction with sodium citrate from gold nano-solution.
