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Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting as an alternative energy source is an emerging technology that supplies energy for low power wireless devices. In this study, the impacts of RF sources, antenna gains, output power levels and path losses on charging times of an RF energy harvesting system were measured and analyzed in detail. An advanced measu...
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... the measurements, two types of antennas were used as shown in Fig. 2. Firstly, PCB dipole antenna was connected to the RF energy harvesting circuit (P2110 Powerharvester module) and measurements were taken at different distances. Then, PCB patch antenna was attached to the RF energy harvesting circuit. The PCB dipole antenna is vertically polarized omni-directional antenna. Besides, it has 1.0 dBi ...Similar publications
This paper presents a patch antenna array topology for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) applications. The resulting Double Patch Antenna Array (DPA) is composed of two patch antennas operating at different frequencies and fabricated on a unique substrate. One of the patches operates at the 1.8 GHz mobile communication ba...
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... RF-EH ortamdaki elektromanyetik dalgalardan sürdürülebilir bir şekilde enerji elde ettiği için, SWIPT ise RF işaretleri ile enerjinin yanı sıra bilgi taşıyabildiği için önem kazanmaktadır [1,2]. RF-EH ve SWIPT çözümlerine yönelik yoğun bir literatür olsa da, deneysel çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. [3]'te, mikrodalga ışımasıyla telsiz güç transferi sağlayabilme motivasyonu ile bu frekanslarda EH verimliliği incelenmiştir. ...
... [7]'de sürekli dalga (CW) işareti ile 16 seviyeli karesel genlik modülasyonu (16-QAM), ikili faz, dörtlü faz, gauss minimum ve genlik kaydırmalı anahtarlama (BPSK, QPSK, GMSK, ASK) modülasyonlu işaretleri bant genişliği ve dönüşüm verimliliği bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. [8]'de ise bir 2.45 GHz anten tasarlanıp QPSK modülasyonlu işaretin enerji dönüşüm verimliliği incelenmiştir. Bu deneysel çalışmalardan [9][10][11][12][13]'te SDR tabanlı EH sistemleri üzerine çalışılmıştır. [9]'da SDR ve RF-EH kitleri kullanılarak bir 915 MHz RF-EH sistem düzeneği hazırlanmıştır. ...
... Burada, parça (patch) ve dipol anten kullanılarak sistemin kazancı 14-17 dBm seviyelerinde değiştirilerek 20-60 cm arası ölçümler alınmış ve mesafeye bağlı BCT'nin grafiği çıkarılmıştır. [9] ve [10]'da RF kaynaklarının, çıkış gücü seviyelerinin ve anten kazançlarının BCT'ye etkisi incelenmiştir. [11]'de ise, 1-10 dBm değerleri arasında, farklı modülasyon tekniklerine göre sistem kazancına bağlı BCT ölçümlenmiştir. ...
... One of the concerns in this field is the supply of a sustainable energy source with long life and small dimensions to power up the sensor. In recent years, the B Mehdi Habibi mhabibi@eng.ui.ac.ir 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran use of different environment energy harvesting methods has received considerable attention [1][2][3][4][5]. Applications of self-powered low-power smart sensors include monitoring of weather conditions and the status of overhead power transmission lines [6][7][8][9]. ...
... One of the concerns in this field is the supply of a sustainable energy source with long life and small dimensions to power up the sensor. In recent years, the B Mehdi Habibi mhabibi@eng.ui.ac.ir 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran use of different environment energy harvesting methods has received considerable attention [1][2][3][4][5]. Applications of self-powered low-power smart sensors include monitoring of weather conditions and the status of overhead power transmission lines [6][7][8][9]. ...
In this paper, an interface circuit for far-distance energy harvesting from magnetic field of overhead lines is presented. Due to the specific conditions of this type of energy harvesting, such as low available power, low induced voltage in the energy harvester coil, and change of energy harvester impedance, a direct AC/DC switching converter should be used. A maximum power point tracking solution is also necessary to guarantee impedance matching at different operation points. Since the harvested power is in the range of a hundred micro-watts, the power usage of the control circuitry is of significant importance and conventional design approaches based on microcontrollers and FPGAs which require ADCs, DACs and digital signal processing cannot be applied here. The proposed processing circuitry presented in this paper uses three feedback loops to perform the harvesting and energy transfer control. Only low-power comparators and basic digital gates are used as signal-processing elements to limit the power dissipation of the designed control blocks. The impedance matching inner loop samples the H-bridge voltage drop to extract the output load current and perform PWM impedance matching while transferring a rectified current to the output capacitor. Another inner feedback loop is used at the output capacitor using two-level comparison to regulate the output voltage. For maximum power point tracking an outer feedback loop samples the output voltage transfer rate and using a 50 Hz reference generator, adjusts the parameters of the impedance matching circuit of the first inner loop. With the proposed approach, in addition to converting the AC input power to a DC voltage, the output load is regulated at a fixed potential and using the MPPT control loop, the maximum power available from the coil is delivered to the output with relatively low dissipation. The proposed circuit is evaluated using a 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology and operates as a self-powered circuit without an external power source. Based on the obtained results, the efficiency of the proposed circuit at 119 µW input power is about 92.4%, and the MPPT efficiency is about 95%, which is suitable for low-power applications.
... Operating frequency, diode type used in the rectifier and parasitic effects impact the efficiency of the RF energy harvesting circuit [26]. Additionally, the number of transmitters, output power levels, and distance directly affect the received RF power level [27]. ...
... In previous works [27,29,30], charging time values are calculated according to the distances. It is concluded that the experimental results of the charging time in our study are compatible with previous works. ...
In this study, charging time in RF energy harvesting systems is measured and statistically analyzed. The measurement system is carried out using an RF energy harvesting circuit, transmitters as RF sources, a patch antenna and other auxiliary devices. The RF power signals generated by single, double and triple RF sources are collected wirelessly by the RF energy harvesting circuit at distances from 1 to 5 m at the interval of 0.5 m. Measurement samples for the charging time are recorded and then evaluated. Test of normality using Kolmogorov–Smirnov shows that the measurement samples of the single, double and triple RF sources are not in a normal distribution. Based on Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, it is detected that there is no strong correlation among the measurement samples at different distances for each RF source. Additionally, it is observed that received power distributions of the RF sources match the charging time values. Based on the experimental results, charging time models are proposed for the single, double and triple RF sources. As a result, it is determined that there is a good match between the proposed models and the charging time values.
Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system scavenges energy from electromagnetic waves and supplies power wirelessly enabling the usage of zero-energy sensors or devices. Frequency band of the electromagnetic wave is an important parameter for energy harvesting systems. In this study, simultaneous multiband RF energy harvesting systems are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally for zero-energy devices. An advanced measurement system, which consists of an RF energy harvesting circuit, universal software radio peripherals (USRPs), and other equipment, is established to obtain received power and charging time samples for Industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) and Global system for mobile communications (GSM) radio bands. The effects of each band and their different combinations on the charging time as well as the conversion parameter are thoroughly investigated for RF energy harvesting. According to a real-life communication scenario, the outage probabilities of wireless zero-energy sensors are presented. It is demonstrated in this study that the use of multiband frequencies in energy harvesting, in addition to the low-power requirement, increases the feasibility of zero-energy devices.
