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Landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis describing sexual dimorphism in wings of Neurothemis terminata (Ris, 1911) from Mt. Hilong-Hilong, Remedios Trinidad Romualdez, Agusan del Norte, Philippines was applied in selected female and male populations. A total of 30 females and 30 males were collected and subjected to landmark-based analysis....
Citations
... These characters enable species to be differentiated during the larval phase when other characters are not consistent or diffi cult to observe (Landwer & Sites, 2006), can be used to analyse the parallel evolution of species in the same genus (Stoks et al., 2005) and to relate genome size with body size (Ardila-García & Gregory, 2009). Similarly, they have been utilized to separate specimens or populations of the same species, either by analysing adults (e.g., Cabuga et al., 2017;Corso, 2019) or exuviae (Casanueva et al., 2017a). ...
Biometric data of the exuviae of female larvae of the dragonfl y Cordulegaster boltonii collected in Portugal, Spain and Morocco were analysed to determine whether the size of three exuvial structures measured differed depending on the geographic localities of the populations. Based on the results recorded for the 16 populations studied, head width was negatively correlated with latitude and the greatest length of the gonapophysis was recorded for the Iberian populations at the centre of this peninsula. Multivariate cluster analysis revealed a clear separation of the Moroccan population. A second cluster separated the southernmost population (Sierra Nevada) from the remaining Iberian populations. Four population groups were distinguished: those located in watercourses in the north and central area of the Iberian Peninsula, those in Iberian watercourses in the East and Middle South, the Sierra Nevada and North Morocco. Some of these results coincide with the results of genetic studies of other authors.
... Environmental component establishes phenotypic variability and sexual dimorphism in which organism utilizes for survival and adaptation. Further, morphological variations in the shell shape have been associated with nutrient availability, habitat and climatic condition (Cabuga et al., 2017). IAEES www.iaees.org ...
Pomacea caniculata or Golden Apple Snail (GAS) existed to be a rice pest in the Philippines and in Asia. Likewise, geographic location also contributes its increasing populations thus making it invasive among freshwater habitats and rice field areas. This study was conducted in order to describe shell shape variations and sexual dimorphism among the populations of P. caniculata. A total of 180 were randomly collected in the three lakes of Esperanza, Agusan del Sur (Lake Dakong Napo, Lake Oro, and Lake Cebulan), of which each lake comprised of 60 samples (30 males and 30 females). To determine the variations and sexual dimorphism in the shell shape of golden apple snail, coordinates was administered to relative warp analysis and the resulting data were subjected to Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA). The results show statistically significant (P<0.05) from the appended male and female dorsal & ventral/apertural portion. While male and female spire height, body size, and shell shape opening also shows significant variations. These phenotypic distinctions could be associated with geographic isolation, predation and nutrient component of the gastropods. Thus, the importance of using geometric morphometric advances in describing sexual dimorphism in the shell shape of P. caniculata.
