Oxidative states pathways of PANI polymer

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... to its highly branched structure, polyaniline ( Fig. 1) is one of the ECPs that has received the most research attention (Kumari Jangid et al., 2020). Incredible qualities such as good processability, high conductivity, a large surface area, and chemical stability of the PANI ( Ho et al., 2021;Tarawneh et al., 2020;Tran et al., 2022) make it attractive and suitable for environmental ...

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... et al., 2018). PANI can occur in three different oxidation forms, such as pernigraniline, leucoemeraldine, and emeraldine ( Beygisangchin et al., 2021). By employing a different technique to optimize the parameters, polyaniline's oxidizing potential can be changed ( Beygisangchin et al., 2021). The first aniline base is leucoemeraldin (LB) (Fig. 1A), which is in a reduced oxidation state. Even though, leucoemeraldin is unstable and very reactive in atmospheric conditions. The next one is emeraldine (EB) (Fig. 1B), which is partly oxidized and chemically stable. This molecule is the only one that is conductive, besides leucoemeraldine and the fully oxidized perniganiline (PB) (Fig. ...

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... a different technique to optimize the parameters, polyaniline's oxidizing potential can be changed ( Beygisangchin et al., 2021). The first aniline base is leucoemeraldin (LB) (Fig. 1A), which is in a reduced oxidation state. Even though, leucoemeraldin is unstable and very reactive in atmospheric conditions. The next one is emeraldine (EB) (Fig. 1B), which is partly oxidized and chemically stable. This molecule is the only one that is conductive, besides leucoemeraldine and the fully oxidized perniganiline (PB) (Fig. 1D) (Stejskal & Gilbert, 2002). So, the preparation and synthesis of this polymeric material require careful conditions. The EB doped with inorganic acid (e.g., ...

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... (LB) (Fig. 1A), which is in a reduced oxidation state. Even though, leucoemeraldin is unstable and very reactive in atmospheric conditions. The next one is emeraldine (EB) (Fig. 1B), which is partly oxidized and chemically stable. This molecule is the only one that is conductive, besides leucoemeraldine and the fully oxidized perniganiline (PB) (Fig. 1D) (Stejskal & Gilbert, 2002). So, the preparation and synthesis of this polymeric material require careful conditions. The EB doped with inorganic acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid) or organic acid (e.g., sulfosalicylic acid) is easily converted into an emeraldine salt (ES) form of PANI. ESs possess an increased conductivity due to the ...

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... preparation and synthesis of this polymeric material require careful conditions. The EB doped with inorganic acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid) or organic acid (e.g., sulfosalicylic acid) is easily converted into an emeraldine salt (ES) form of PANI. ESs possess an increased conductivity due to the protonation of imine nitrogen in the EB by the acid (Fig. 1C) (Yang et al., 2020(Yang et al., ) et al., 2020. Moreover, the partially oxidated ES form of the PANI is catalytically active compared to LB, and PB and has high electron transfer performance with low E g due to the formation of the polaron and bipolaron band ( Belabed et al., 2013). This formation is due to charge defects created as a ...

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... the study from Janaki et. al. (Janaki et al., 2012), PANI/chitosan composite was thoughtfully synthesized and structurally characterized. The prepared composite showed high efficiency to adsorb dyes congo red, coomassie brilliant blue, and remazol brilliant blue R. Efficiency removal of mentioned dyes was in the range of 95 -99%. ...

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... (Asgari et al., 2019) developed a ZnO/PANI composite and tested its ability to degrade metronidazole under UV and visible light. By monitoring degradation kinetics, it was demonstrated that UV light possesses a better capacity to induce faster decomposition (97%) of target antibiotics than visible light (120 and 150 min, respectively). ...