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Oviposition (eggs per plant per 2-d period) by two mated female P. xylostella on broccoli treated with lambda-cyh- alothrin or untreated, in the same cage
Source publication
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), a major pest of cruciferous crops throughout the world, has demonstrated an ability to develop resistance to many different classes of insecticides, including proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis that are expressed in plants (Bt plants). The ovipositional preferences and lar...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... combined the data collected over the residue period and present the means and statistics in Table 2. With the Waipio-RR and Waipio-RS strains, oviposi- tion on lambda-cyhalothrin-treated and untreated broccoli is statistically the same. ...
Context 2
... the Waipio-RR and Waipio-RS strains, oviposi- tion on lambda-cyhalothrin-treated and untreated broccoli is statistically the same. However, oviposition by SS females is signiÞcantly lower on treated plants (both doses) than on untreated broccoli (Table 2). The susceptible moths laid few eggs on both the broc- Fig. 2. Survival of different genotypes of P. xylostella at days after spraying lambda-cyhalothrin with 80 ppm. ...
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Utilization of a novel plant host by herbivorous insects requires coordination of numerous physiological and behavioral adaptations in both larvae and adults. The recent host range expansion of the crucifer-specialist diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), to the sugar pea crop in Kenya provides an opportunity to...
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Citations
... Oviposition behavior of P. xylostella is affected by a lot of factors, including host plant species, chemical cues, and ecological conditions (Thompson and Pellmyr 1991, Henniges-Janssen et al. 2011, Liu et al. 2012. The effects of Bt plants on oviposition preference of Cry1Acsusceptible, Cry1Ac-resistant, and F 1 adults were assessed in this study. ...
Larval survival and oviposition behavior of three genotypes of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), (homozygous Cry1Ac-susceptibile, Cry1Ac-resistant, and their F1 hybrids), on transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) broccoli expressing different levels of Cry1Ac protein were evaluated in laboratory. These Bt broccoli lines were designated as relative low, medium, and high, respectively, according to the Cry1Ac content. Untransformed brocccoli plants were used as control. Larval survival of diamondback moth on non-Bt leaves was not significantly different among the three genotypes. The Cry1Ac-resistant larvae could survive on the low level of Bt broccoli plants, while Cry1Ac-susceptible and F1 larvae could not survive on them. The three genotypes of P. xylostella larvae could not survive on medium and high levels of Bt broccoli. In oviposition choice tests, there was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid by the three P. xylostella genotypes among different Bt broccoli plants. The development of Cry1Ac-susceptible and Cry1Ac-resistant P. xylostella on intact Bt plants was also tested in greenhouse. All susceptible P. xylostella larvae died on all Bt plants, while resistant larvae could survive on broccoli, which expresses low Cry1Ac protein under greenhouse conditions. The results of the greenhouse trials were similar to that of laboratory tests. This study indicated that high dose of Bt toxins in broccoli cultivars or germplasm lines is required for effective resistance management.
© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America.
... A Mendelian function determines proportion of offspring in each genotype given genotypes of parents. Liu et al. (2012b) found no direct effects of Bt broccoli or spinosad on fecundity nor any ovipositional preference by females for spinosad-treated or Bt broccoli. However, susceptible diamondback moth females oviposited fewer eggs on plants sprayed with lambda-cyhalothrin than on unsprayed plants. ...
... However, susceptible diamondback moth females oviposited fewer eggs on plants sprayed with lambda-cyhalothrin than on unsprayed plants. At the Þeld dose of 80 ppm, oviposition was observed to be 13% of normal on lambda-cyhalothrin sprayed plants (Liu et al. 2012b). To mimic this effect in the model, we kill 87% of the females attempting to oviposit in the sprayed block. ...
... In our model, we assume that young larvae are targeted by scheduled or density-threshold based applications. Liu et al. (2012b) measured the survival of young larvae during an 11-d residue period after applications of spinosad and lambda-cyhalothrin under laboratory conditions. By day 11, signiÞcant numbers of diamondback moth larvae were surviving contact with the residues. ...
The tools of insect pest management include host plant resistance, biological control, and insecticides and how they are integrated will influence the durability of each. We created a detailed model of the population dynamics and population genetics of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., and its parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Cresson), to study long-term pest management in broccoli Brassica oleracea L. Given this pest's history of evolving resistance to various toxins, we also evaluated the evolution of resistance to transgenic insecticidal Bt broccoli (expressing Cry1Ac) and two types of insecticides. Simulations demonstrated that parasitism provided the most reliable, long-term control of P. xylostella populations. Use of Bt broccoli with a 10% insecticide-free refuge did not reduce the long-term contribution of parasitism to pest control. Small refuges within Bt broccoli fields can delay evolution of resistance > 30 generations if resistance alleles are rare in the pest population. However, the effectiveness of these refuges can be compromised by insecticide use. Rainfall mortality during the pest's egg and neonate stages significantly influences pest control but especially resistance management. Our model results support the idea that Bt crops and biological control can be integrated in integrated pest management and actually synergistically support each other. However, the planting and maintenance of toxin-free refuges are critical to this integration.
We have previously demonstrated altered SIRT gene family in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study we aimed to investigate whether the SIRT gene family was also altered in peripheral blood (PB) of patients with HNSCC and the possibility to be used as circulating biomarkers.
The expression profiles of the 7 SIRT genes of PB leukocytes from 34 patients with HNSCC before and after surgery and 31 healthy individuals were investigated.
In the cancer group, the expression level of SIRT1 was down-regulated (p<0.05); in contrast, SIRT6 and SIRT7 were significantly up-regulated (p<0.001). Patients with advanced-stage HNSCC had lower expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3. Recovery of SIRT6 and SIRT7 was observed in postoperative patients (p<0.005).
SIRT genes were altered in PB leukocytes of HNSCC patients and SIRT6 and SIRT7 are potential circulating prognostic markers for HNSCC.
Copyright© 2014 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.
