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Overview of the results of the in vitro single high dose (10 -5 M) antitumor screening for compounds 1-3 a .
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... compounds 1, 2 and 3 were selected for screening against NCI 60 cancer cell lines screen since antiproliferative activity has not been reported ( (Table 3). Compound 2 was screened against 58 human cancer cell lines and only 40 gave positive results with a (MG_MID) of 96.80% as seen in Table 3. ...
Context 2
... compounds 1, 2 and 3 were selected for screening against NCI 60 cancer cell lines screen since antiproliferative activity has not been reported ( (Table 3). Compound 2 was screened against 58 human cancer cell lines and only 40 gave positive results with a (MG_MID) of 96.80% as seen in Table 3. It was effective against most of non-small lung cancer cell lines especially A-549/ATCC of 24.03% and NCI- H522 of 27.63%. ...
Context 3
... also effective against melanoma UACC-257 and 62 of 11.28% and 12.68% respectively, renal cancer UO-31 of 18.23%, Prostate PC-3 of 25.11% and breast cancer MDA-MB-468 of 15.84%. Compound 3 was screened against 58 cell lines and only 24 cell lines inhibited with a (MG_MID) of 100.96% (Table 3). It exhibited inhibition against leukemia CCRF-CEM and K-562 human cancer cell line of 10.19% and 13.79% respectively, non-small lung cancer cell line A-549/ATCC and NCI-H522 of 18.54% and 17.81% respectively. ...
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Two new lanostane triterpnenoids named endertiins A and B (1 and 2) together with two known compounds as ganodecalone A (3) and ergosterol (4) have been successfully isolated from the cultivated fruit bodies of the mushroom Humphreya endertii Stey (Ganodermataceae). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of HR-MS and 2 D NMR spectroscopi...
In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were manufactured using aqueous extract of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. Anticancer potential of AgNPs was investigated versus human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Cytotoxic response was assessed by MTT assay. AgNPs showed inhibition effect at the following concentrations 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg...
Citations
... fumigata e probabilmente altre. C. cinerea viene riportata fra i funghi utilizzati a fini alimentari anche in altri Paesi del mondo, per esempio in Nepal (Christensen & al. 2008) e in Kenya (Njue & al. 2017), sebbene sia probabile che tali segnalazioni siano da riferire (anche) a specie simili. Per quanto riguarda l'Italia, a livello locale tali specie possono essere considerate commestibili come da tradizione, mentre in generale si può affermare che tutti questi funghi, in assenza di usi tradizionali, siano privi di valore alimentare. ...
Riassunto - La guida, destinata principalmente ai Micologi formati in Italia ai sensi del DM 686/96,
è al tempo stesso dedicata a tutti coloro che sono interessati alle caratteristiche di commestibilità dei funghi o che si occupano a vario titolo di utilizzo dei funghi nell’alimentazione.
Obiettivo principale del lavoro è proporre una linea interpretativa utilizzabile per definire uno
status di commestibilità di tutti i principali taxa di macrofunghi presenti sul territorio italiano,
che costituisca uno strumento utile per orientarsi rispetto alle informazioni spesso discordanti
che si ricavano dalle diverse fonti della letteratura micologica e micotossicologica e che di conseguenza si trovano disponibili sul web.
I funghi vengono trattati seguendo un approccio sistematico di tipo morfologico, che
più si adatta alle esigenze di determinazione pratico-ispettiva dei funghi. In molti casi, infatti, i taxa vengono intesi sensu lato o raggruppati, anche se spesso citando l’esistenza di una
maggiore complessità che oggi può essere meglio conosciuta grazie alle analisi molecolari.
Di ogni specie o “specie collettiva” si sono prese in considerazione le informazioni sul
consumo alimentare tradizionale in Italia, la casistica delle intossicazioni e delle reazioni
avverse correlate al consumo e gli eventuali dati biochimici disponibili in letteratura con
particolare riguardo alla presenza di sostanze potenzialmente nocive per l’organismo umano.
Applicando il metodo scientifico, la revisione critica della letteratura micotossicologica e
biochimica è stata condotta in modo puntuale e dettagliato, cercando, ogni qualvolta possibile, di andare a ritroso da una citazione all’altra, risalendo fino ai lavori originali, talora molto
datati. Sono state prese in considerazione, in genere con valore di conferma di un adeguato
livello di sicurezza alimentare, le disposizioni di legge che ammettono le specie alla vendita,
in Italia, in singole Regioni italiane e nei Paesi dell’Unione Europea ove siano state emanate
delle liste positive ufficiali dei funghi commercializzabili. La valutazione complessiva sulla
commestibilità è stata effettuata in base a principi di sicurezza alimentare e in molti casi si
avvicina a una vera e propria valutazione del rischio che, per i funghi di cui esiste consumo
documentato, prende in considerazione sia la probabilità che si verifichi una reazione avversa
per i consumatori, sia la gravità potenziale delle intossicazioni. Fra le criticità, la confondibilità con specie tossiche importanti è stata presa in considerazione e valutata insieme agli altri
parametri. Il metodo utilizzato porta alla classificazione delle specie (dei taxa) in sei categorie distinte: funghi commestibili (a commestibilità libera o a commestibilità condizionata), funghi sconsigliati, funghi innocui ma privi di valore alimentare, funghi non commestibili e
funghi tossici.
Tali definizioni non costituiscono attributi teorici delle varie specie, ma sono pensate in
un’ottica applicativa pratica che coincide con una ben precisa responsabilità, quella di consentire il consumo dei funghi a persone terze. La normativa italiana attribuisce al micologo
il compito di dichiarare che i funghi controllati possono essere consumati in sicurezza (con
sufficiente sicurezza) con determinate modalità di trattamento e preparazione, oppure che non possono essere consumati o che non dovrebbero essere consumati. Tali indicazioni, che
seguono la determinazione macroscopica di raccolte di funghi, vengono fornite dai micologi roprio in base alle conoscenze relative alle caratteristiche di commestibilità dei vari taxa, ovviamente tenendo conto che gli esemplari visionati si trovino nelle condizioni idonee ad
essere consumati.
Abstract - This guideline has been devised in the first instance for mycological inspectors in Italy, as defined by DM 686/96, but at the same time is also directed to all those who are intetested in mushroom edibility or have to deal with the use of mushrooms as food items at any title. We have focused our efforts in producing a practical guideline to be used for assessing the edibility status of all major taxa of higher fungi that are encountered in Italy, with the aim to provide a useful tool to navigate the often contrasting information on mushroom edibility that is found in the mycological and mycotoxicological literature and, as a consequence, is available on the internet as well. Higher fungi have been treated here using a morphologically oriented systematic approach that is better suited for the taxonomic identification within the framework of food control activities; in most cases, fungal taxa are intended sensu lato, i.e. in a broader sense, or are lumped together for the sake of practicality, always bearing in mind that a finer classification accounting for a higher taxonomic complexity has meanwhile been made available by DNA analysis in recent years. For each species or “collective species” the following pieces of evidence have been taken into account: information on traditional food consumption in Italy, occurrence of poisoning cases and adverse reactions related to food consumption, and biochemical data available in the literature, if any, especially with regard to the presence of substances that might be potentially noxious to human health. A thorough and critical revision of mycotoxicological and biochemical literature has been performed, tracing back all relevant references and quotations, whenever possible, in most cases down to the original source of information, often in obscure old journals. When legislations and official provisions with positive lists of marketable mushroom species have been issued, no matter whether applicable to the whole of Italy, to selected Italian regions or to single EU countries, those documents have been considered as additional confirmation of an adequate level of food safety for such listed species. For each species (or group of species) the edibility status has been overall assessed using well defined parameters, including food safety issues; in many cases such an approach closely resembles a proper risk assessment which, for mushrooms whose consumption as food is well documented, takes into account the probability that an adverse reaction might occur to consumers, as well as the potential severity of poisonings. Among critical issues, the possibility of mistake with severely poisonous or deadly toxic look-alike species has also been considered and evaluated along with the other parameters. Our method classifies mushroom species (taxa) in six different categories, namely edible mushrooms, conditionally edible mushrooms, not recommended mushrooms, harmless mushrooms without food value, inedible mushrooms and toxic/poisonous mushrooms. Such definitions do not represent absolute attributes of single mushroom species, but are meant to offer an operational, practical advice instead, which, most importantly, also includes the assumption of responsibility to ensure safe consumption of mushrooms to third parties, as stipulated by Italian legislation. In fact, upon examination of collected mushrooms, mycological inspectors in Italy are required to declare that i) the inspected mushrooms can be safely consumed after appropriate treatments and preparation, ii) cannot be consumed or iii) should not be consumed. Such advice follows the macroscopic identification of the collected mushroom specimens the mycological inspectors are being presented with, and is given based on the knowledge of edibility properties of the different fungal taxa, provided that such specimens under examination are deemed suitable for consumption in terms of freshness and storage.
... Fungal ergosterol derivatives, including glucosides, hydroxylated compounds, and peroxides, were demonstrated to have cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines other than those used in our assay. Furthermore, they exhibited strong inhibitory effects on cell proliferation in vitro, and apoptosis promoting and angiogenesis inhibitory activities in vivo [27][28][29]. Our results demonstrate for the first time that ergosta-7,22-diene-3one (8) has potent anticancer activity against colon adenocarcinoma cells, which can be more effective in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. ...
Investigation of the methanol extract of the poroid fungus Fuscoporia torulosa resulted in the isolation of a novel triterpene, fuscoporic acid (1), together with inoscavin A and its previously undescribed Z isomer (2 and 3), 3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehide (4), osmundacetone (5), senexdiolic acid (6), natalic acid (7), and ergosta-7,22-diene-3-one (8). The structures of fungal compounds were determined on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses, as well as molecular modeling studies. Compounds 1, 6-8 were examined for their antibacterial properties on resistant clinical isolates , and cytotoxic activity on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Compound 8 was effective against Colo 205 (IC50 11.65 ± 1.67 µM), Colo 320 (IC50 8.43 ± 1.1 µM) and MRC-5 (IC50 7.92 ± 1.42 µM) cell lines. Potentially synergistic relationship was investigated between 8 and doxorubicin, which revealed a synergism between the examined compounds with a combination index (CI) at the 50% growth inhibition dose (ED50) of 0.521 ± 0.15. Several compounds (1 and 6-8) were tested for P-glycoprotein modulatory effect in Colo 320 resistant cancer cells, but none of the compounds proved to be effective in this assay. Fungal metabolites 2-5 were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and DPPH assays. Compounds 4 and 5 were found to have a considerable antioxidant effect with EC50 0.25 ± 0.01 (DPPH) and 12.20 ± 0.92 mmol TE/g (ORAC). The current article provides valuable information on both the chemical and pharmacological profiles of Fuscoporia torulosa, paving the way for future studies with this species.
... Fungal ergosterol derivatives, including glucosides, hydroxylated compounds, and peroxides, were demonstrated to have cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines other than those used in our assay. Furthermore, they exhibited strong inhibitory effects on cell proliferation in vitro, and apoptosis promoting and angiogenesis inhibitory activities in vivo [27][28][29]. Our results demonstrate for the first time that ergosta-7,22-diene-3-one (8) has potent anticancer activity against colon adenocarcinoma cells, which can be more effective in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. ...
Investigation of the methanol extract of the poroid fungus Fuscoporia torulosa resulted in the isolation of a novel triterpene, fuscoporic acid (1) together with inoscavin A and its previously undescribed Z isomer (2 and 3), 3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehide (4), osmundacetone (5), senexdiolic acid (6), natalic acid (7), and ergosta-7,22-diene-3-one (8). The structures of fungal compounds were determined on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis, as well as molecular modelling studies. Compounds 1, 6-8 were examined for their antibacterial properties on resistant clinical isolates, and cytotoxic activity on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Compound 8 was effective against Colo 205 (IC50 11.65±1.67 µM), Colo 320 (IC50 8.43±1.1 µM) and MRC-5 (IC50 7.92±1.42 µM) cell lines. Potentially synergistic relationship was investigated between 8 and doxorubicin, which revealed a synergism between the examined compounds with a combination index (CI) at the 50% growth inhibition dose (ED50) of 0.521±0.15. Several compounds (1, and 6-8) were tested for P‐glycoprotein modulatory effect in Colo 320 resistant cancer cells, but none of the compounds proved to be effective in this assay. Fungal metabolites 2-5 were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and DPPH assays. Compounds 4 and 5 proved to possess considerable antioxidant effect with EC50 0.25±0.01 (DPPH) and 12.20±0.92 mmol TE/g (ORAC). The current article provides valuable information on both chemical and pharmacological profiles of Fuscoporia torulosa, paving the way for future studies with this species.
... 23 In addition, the finding of antiproliferative activity from extract E1 of the Haida Gwaii C. cinerea CL048 is in line with the cytotoxicity against most of the NCI 60 human cancer cell lines caused by triterpenoids isolated from C. cinerea in Kenya. 24 However, it is interesting to note that extract E1 from C. cinerea CL062 had no antiproliferative activity. The two C. cinerea specimens were collected from different locations in Haida Gwaii and, therefore, the observed discrepancies are possibly attributed to host differences in the separate locations or other environmental factors. ...
Wild mushrooms, while largely explored for their ecological significance, have not been systematically studied for their medicinal properties. This is the first report of biological activities of mushrooms from Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada. The 17 mushroom species in this study were collected from multiple locations on Haida Gwaii and were screened for antiproliferative, immunostimulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. Prior to screening, mushrooms were genetically identified and then sequentially fractionated into four crude extracts using 80% ethanol, 50% methanol, water, and 5% sodium hydroxide. We report here the strong antiproliferative and antiinflammatory activities of Amanita augusta, Phellodon atratus, Guepinia helvelloides, Chroogomphus tomentosus, Laetiporus conifericola, and Inocybe sp. In addition, A. augusta, G. helvelloides, and Inocybe sp. showed potent immunostimulatory activity. Two other species (Ganoderma tsugae and Pleurotus ostreatus) displayed strong immunostimulatory activity consistent with previous reports by others, suggesting that similar constituents are present in the same species from Haida Gwaii. For nine species (Russula paludosa, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Tricholomopsis rutilans, Tyromyces chioneus, Hydnum repandum, Hypholoma fasciculare, Clavulina cinerea, P. ostreatus and Ramaria cystidiophora), we describe antiproliferative, immunostimulatory, and/or anti-inflammatory activities that have never been reported before. The new findings serve as a platform for future investigations into the potentially novel bioactive constituents of these mushrooms, as well as an incentive to further study a wider array of wild mushrooms for medicinal properties.
... 23 In addition, the finding of antiproliferative activity from extract E1 of the Haida Gwaii C. cinerea CL048 is in line with the cytotoxicity against most of the NCI 60 human cancer cell lines caused by triterpenoids isolated from C. cinerea in Kenya. 24 However, it is interesting to note that extract E1 from C. cinerea CL062 had no antiproliferative activity. The two C. cinerea specimens were collected from different locations in Haida Gwaii and, therefore, the observed discrepancies are possibly attributed to host differences in the separate locations or other environmental factors. ...
Wild mushrooms, while largely explored for their ecological significance, have not been systematically studied for their medicinal properties. This is the first report of biological activities of mushrooms from Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada. The 17 mushroom species in this study were collected from multiple locations on Haida Gwaii and were screened for antiproliferative, immunostimulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. Prior to screening, mushrooms were genetically identified and then sequentially fractionated into four crude extracts using 80% ethanol, 50% methanol, water, and 5% sodium hydroxide. We report here the strong antiproliferative and antiinflammatory activities of Amanita augusta, Phellodon atratus, Guepinia helvelloides, Chroogomphus tomentosus, Laetiporus conifericola, and Inocybe sp. In addition, A. augusta, G. helvelloides, and Inocybe sp. showed potent immunostimulatory activity. Two other species (Ganoderma tsugae and Pleurotus ostreatus) displayed strong immunostimulatory activity consistent with previous reports by others, suggesting that similar constituents are present in the same species from Haida Gwaii. For nine species (Russula paludosa, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Tricholomopsis rutilans, Tyromyces chioneus, Hydnum repandum, Hypholoma fasciculare, Clavulina cinerea, P. ostreatus and Ramaria cystidiophora), we describe antiprolif-erative, immunostimulatory, and/or anti-inflammatory activities that have never been reported before. The new findings serve as a platform for future investigations into the potentially novel bioactive constituents of these mushrooms, as well as an incentive to further study a wider array of wild mushrooms for medicinal properties.
... Their activity has been proved for cell lines of lung cancer (A549), colorectal carcinoma (DLD-1), breast cancer (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (PC-3), at no activity toward cutaneous fibroblasts (WS1-1) (Chudzik et al., 2015). The pentacyclic triterpene is commonly found in plants (Njue et al., 2017) and not only are capable of inhibiting life of neoplastic cell lines, but also induce apoptosis of cancer cells, to cause their "suicidal" death, with no threat to normal cells of the body. Such properties, in particular the selectivity of triterpenes' activity, present them as alternatives in cancer treatment and prevention. ...
