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This is the first national-scale prioritization of Nepalese Rivers based on environmental, socio-cultural, and livelihood services they provide.
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... potential for crop irrigation is also very high, probably approaching 90% of cultivable land. The major perennial river systems that drain the country are the Mahakali, Karnali, Narayani, and Koshi Rivers, all of which originate in the Himalayas ( Figure 1). These big river basins hold water resources with significant potential for large-scale hydropower and irrigation development. ...
Context 2
... et al. (2019) to map 'free-flowing rivers' (FFRs), i.e. contiguous river courses that remain above a CSI value of 95% along their entire path from source to sink. A free-flowing river is classified as having a CSI of 95% or greater over its entire length (see Figure 10) for the difference between river and river reach). For a discussion on using the 95% threshold please see the original research article by Grill et al. (2019). ...
Context 3
... information on storage volume is only available for the largest projects. In order to fill these data gaps, we used a power regression between installed capacity and storage volume that was based on information provided by Tractebel ( Figure 11). The purpose of estimating the storage volume was primarily to fill data gaps for planned projects, however some missing data points could be estimated with this method for existing dams as well. ...
Context 4
... road network provided by OpenStreetMap (OSM, 2020) was deemed better suited for our analysis. We first reduced the number of road categories from 26 to 5 broader types: 'Highways', 'Primary', 'Secondary', 'Tertiary' and 'Local' ( Figure 12). ...
Context 5
... estimated road width was used to calculate the total coverage of roads within a river reach catchment, which resulted in the RDD. Figure 10: Estimation of storage volume using a power relationship based on data from Tractebel (2020). ...
Context 6
... on results from workshop in Kathmandu and Surkhet in July of 2019, the group of experts nominated the Humla Karnali, Budhi Gandaki, Seti, and Tamor as benchmark rivers ( Figure 13). The nomination of benchmark rivers was a useful element in validating the settings of the FFR assessment model, and the model results agreed with the status of the benchmark rivers. ...
Context 7
... order to account for these occasions, river sections were renamed based on local knowledge and using the naming on the topographic base data of Nepal (Hydrography) by DOS (1996). Figure 13 shows the result of the adapting and renaming. Distinct colors are used to separate rivers from each other visually. ...
Context 8
... principal steps to assess freshwater values, ranging from the identification and selection of values, to creating the final HCV typology, are described in this section and are outlined in Figure 16. ...
Context 9
... data layers were included in each of these four key thematic areas, based on expert advice during Advisory Meetings and depending on data availability ( Figure 17). A more detailed description and the justification for including the freshwater value can be found in more detail in section 7.2 and in Annex 10.2.1. ...
Context 10
... consulted our expert group on appropriate weights and calculated results for multiple different weighting schemes. Four weighting schemes are shown in Figure 17. The figure shows the freshwater values and their hierarchical position within the freshwater value tree. ...
Context 11
... second scale is the river scale, which provides a single HCV values for an entire river. For a discussion on the distinction between river and river reach, please see section 6.1 and Figure 10. where í µí°»í µí°»í µí° ¶í µí° ¶í µí° ¶í µí° ¶ í µí±í µí± is the weighted HCV value at river reach j; x i,j is the HCV value of the freshwater value i at reach j; w i is the weight applied to the HCV value of the freshwater value i; and n is the number of freshwater values. ...
Context 12
... allows to talk about the values of entire rivers, not just small river sections. As shown in Figure 19, a river is composed of several river reaches, each of which has a distinct aggregated HCV value. The length-weighted HCV for a river is calculated as: where í µí°»í µí°»í µí° ¶í µí° ¶í µí° ¶í µí° ¶ í µí± í µí± is the HCV in the river R; HCV i is the HCV value of the river reach i and l is the length of river reach i. ...
Context 13
... available fish distribution data was collected from the recent literature and EIA reports. Fish distribution data was then updated into a spatial database and assigned to the river network through the steps shown in Figure 21. The data has been provided through GIS with GOID, River ID and River Name attributes. ...
Context 14
... data has been taken from ICIMOD (2010) and the glacial and snow cover is seen in Figure 31. This dataset was created by ICIMOD using Landsat TM, ETM+ imageries of 2010. ...
Context 15
... results of this classification can be seen in the Figure 31. The rivers draining from the Himalayas and High-hills are mostly snow fed, which contains reliable flow. ...
Context 16
... to the last census, 198 gharials have been recorded in Babai, Narayani, and East Rapti rivers. Recently in 2019, a gharial has also been spotted in West Rapti River by WWF Nepal (Figure 51). ...
Context 17
... upland river reaches of the Himalayas and Midlands have been identified as important river reaches for trekking ( Figure 61). These regions include Everest, Annapurna, Langtang and Kanchenjunga. ...
Context 18
... therefore also assessed which HCV main component contributed most to calculating the final HCV score. The results of this assessment can be seen in Figure 71. ...
Context 19
... table also provides information on the four main components biodiversity, recreation, livelihood and socio-cultural. We used the information from the assessment of dominant HCV types (see Figure 71) and calculated the length of each dominant component relative to the total length of the river. As such the four percentage values add up to 100% and provide a measure of the relative importance of each freshwater value component in each river. ...
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