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![Overview of critical infrastructures [18].](profile/Isa-Avci/publication/345311663/figure/fig3/AS:1103890971926528@1640199525040/Overview-of-critical-infrastructures-18.jpg)
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![Fig. 1. Smart grid overview [4].](profile/Isa-Avci/publication/345311663/figure/fig1/AS:1103890971918336@1640199525017/Smart-grid-overview-4_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 2. Overview of industrial control systems [13]. The term...](profile/Isa-Avci/publication/345311663/figure/fig2/AS:1103890971934720@1640199525028/Overview-of-industrial-control-systems-13-The-term-Industrial-Control-System-is_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 3. Overview of critical infrastructures [18].](profile/Isa-Avci/publication/345311663/figure/fig3/AS:1103890971926528@1640199525040/Overview-of-critical-infrastructures-18_Q320.jpg)
International security standards used in smart grids, industrial
control systems and critical infrastructures have become important for
institutions and organizations. Within the framework of these standards, it is
aimed to increase the security and durability of smart networks, industrial
control systems, and critical infrastructures. When determi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... critical infrastructure includes all energy-related generation and storage facilities, transmission lines and routes, and consumption facilities and systems as illustrated in Fig. 3. Platforms and natural gas wells used in the production of energy sources such as oil and natural gas, all pipelines and LNG terminals from the main transmission lines that play a role in the transportation of these resources to the secondary transmission lines reaching the homes, tankers, refineries, pump stations, renewable energy ...
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![Figure 1 Smart cities overview [3].](profile/Isa-Avci/publication/357254963/figure/fig1/AS:1103892834189312@1640199969335/Smart-cities-overview-3_Q320.jpg)
Smart grids have been developing rapidly with the development of technologies in recent years. In the field of critical infrastructures such as natural gas, electricity, water, and energy systems, which are among the smart grids, its use has been increasing in Turkey and all over the world in recent years. With the increase in the use of smart grid...
Citations
... When they are investigated, especially in data security, it is essential to address cybersecurity, employee errors, and physical security. On the other hand, in addition to all of these, environmental safety and climatic conditions are also essential [23,24]. It is possible to determine the effect values of these given criteria in terms of risk by considering expert opinions. ...
Transportation has an essential place in societies and importance to people in terms of its social and economic aspects. Innovative rail systems need to be integrated with developing technologies for transportation. Systemic failures, personnel errors, sabotage, and cyber-attacks in the techniques used will cause a damaged corporate reputation and revenue losses. In this study, cybersecurity attack methods in smart rail systems were determined, and cyber events occurring worldwide through these technologies were analyzed. Risk analysis in terms of transportation safety in smart rail systems was determined by considering the opinions of 10 different experts along with the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) performance criteria. Informatics experts were selected from a group of people with at least 5–15 years of experience. According to these risk analysis calculations, cybersecurity stood out as the most critical security risk at 27.74%. Other risky areas included physical security, calculated at 14.59%, operator errors at 16.20%, and environmental security at 10.93%.
... The Internet Protocol using the MQTT as the messaging protocol to send messages to the target device, Modbus TCP protocol enabling the communication between PLCs, and communication protocols like LoRaWAN enabling the transmission of data over long distances with low power consumption are frequently used in the IIoT networks [3,4]. Moreover, the majority of IIoT devices can receive the incoming data and transmit these to other devices after processing them. ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem has proliferated based on the use of the internet and cloud-based technologies in the industrial area. IoT technology used in the industry has become a large-scale network based on the increasing amount of data and number of devices. Industrial IoT (IIoT) networks are intrin-sically unprotected against cyber threats and intrusions. It is, therefore, significant to develop Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in order to ensure the security of the IIoT networks. Three different models were proposed to detect intrusions in the IIoT network by using deep learning architectures of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and CNN + LSTM generated from a hybrid combination of these. In the study conducted by using the UNSW-NB15 and X-IIoTID datasets, normal and abnormal data were determined and compared with other studies in the literature following a binary and multi-class classification. The hybrid CNN + LSTM model attained the highest accuracy value for intrusion detection in both datasets among the proposed models. The proposed CNN + LSTM architecture attained an accuracy of 93.21% for binary classification and 92.9% for multi-class classification in the UNSW-NB15 dataset while the same model attained a detection accuracy of 99.84% for binary classification and 99.80% for multi-class classification in the X-IIoTID dataset. In addition, the accurate detection success of the implemented models regarding the types of attacks within the datasets was evaluated. Ó 2022 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
... Cyberattack methods are examined in four different attack layers and it is given as a diagram of which attacks can occur in which layer. The purpose here is to take security measures against possible attacks (Gottumukkala et al., 2019;Fraiji et al., 2018;Özarpa, 2021;Huang,2011). ...
This Book of Proceeding contains papers that were published in the 13th International Exergy, Energy, and Environment Symposium (IEEES13) during the conference time between 14-17 March 2022. The IEEES-13 brings outstanding keynote speakers coming from different backgrounds to address the evolving issues of energy, environment, and sustainable future. Furthermore, fellow researchers and scientists from over 30 countries will contribute to this symposium. This event, with participants from all over the world, represents the global commitment to resolving energy and environmental challenges such as global warming and climate change. It will also highlight scientific advances in many subjects, including Renewable Energy Technologies, Oil and Gas Technologies, Hydrogen production and Utilization, Smart Grid, and Green transportation.
... Personalization means that the system must be customer-specific. And finally, flexibility means that the smart grid must be compatible, expandable, and adaptable [15,16]. ...
The global economy was adversely affected due to the contraction in international trade volume during the epidemic. The health systems of many countries are on the verge of collapse. In the study, phone calls were made with the managers of 5 companies providing natural gas and mechanical infrastructure services in Istanbul, and the multi-criteria decision-making method was used. As a result of the findings, it was determined that companies operating simultane-ously in many sectors with different customer types were not affected by the ep-idemic. In contrast, companies serving individual customers in a single area were negatively affected by the Covid-19 global epidemic, and one of the companies stopped its activities. While there is no shrinkage in industrial customers' de-mands, companies serving only individual customers faced great challenges. This study aims to determine how the Covid-19 global epidemic affects companies providing natural gas and mechanical infrastructure services in Turkey. In this context, from the study, it was concluded that companies operating in the me-chanical and natural gas infrastructure sector, which concentrate on a single field, were adversely affected by the global epidemic.
... In addition, the study of operational applications and network architectures contributes to increasing energy efficiency and high cost as an energy management tool called CISCO Energy Wise [12]. [13]. A smart grid system has the concepts of Digitization, Intelligence, Resilience, Personalization, and Flexibility. ...
The global economy was adversely affected due to the contraction in international trade volume during the epidemic. The health systems of many countries are on the verge of collapse. In the study, phone calls were made with the managers of 5 companies providing natural gas and infrastructure services in Istanbul, and the multi-criteria decision-making method was used. As a result of the findings, it was determined that companies operating simultaneously in many sectors with different customer types were not affected by the epidemic. In contrast , companies serving individual customers in a single area were negatively affected by the Covid-19 global epidemic, and one of the companies stopped its activities. While there is no shrinkage in industrial customers' demands, companies serving only individual customers faced great challenges. This study aims to determine how the Covid-19 global epidemic affects companies providing natural gas and mechanical infrastructure services in Turkey. In this context, from the study, it was concluded that companies operating in the mechanical and natural gas infrastructure sector, which concentrate on a single field, were adversely affected by the global epidemic.
