Table 4 - uploaded by Mansooreh Zahedi
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Face-to-Face (F2F) interaction is a strong means to foster social relationships and effective knowledge sharing within a team. However, communication in Global Software Development (GSD) teams is usually restricted to computer-mediated conversation that is perceived to be less effective and interpersonal. Temporary collocation of dispersed members...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... have enlisted and categorized the social meetings during the visit in Table 4. We differentiated between events organized at the level of company and socialization initiatives taken by individuals. ...
Context 2
... differentiated between events organized at the level of company and socialization initiatives taken by individuals. Our analysis of the calendar entries revealed several social meetings organized during the visitors' stay as shown in Table 4. They varied from organized lunches and dinners with company management, project managers, team leaders and the whole IT department. ...
Citations
... The main reasons for requirement's evolutions are (i) modification in the current software products, (ii) emergence of new technologies, (iii) eliminating the duplicate requirements, (iv) gaining the competitive edge in the markets, and (v) handling the user's expectations [16]- [18]. Consequently, Requirements Change Management (RCM) becomes a challenging and resource-consuming activity, especially when requested multiple times in the context of GSD [19]. Additionally, due to the massive number of requirements' changes, the development organizations conduct the RCM process in an imprecise manner; thereby, significantly increasing the required amount of development cost, time, and human effort [20]- [22]. ...
... In other words, it is required that different stakeholders at multiple sites must be updated with timely feedback [26]. To perform an effective RCM process, the development organization needs to adopt a robust RCM model supporting the communication and coordination challenges [19], [27], [29]. Note that the need for effectively managing the communication and coordination issues significantly increases especially in the context of GSD [30]- [35]. ...
Global Software Development (GSD) is expanding quickly all around the world because of the various advantages offered to the customers, vendors, and other stakeholders involved in software project development. However, GSD is not a simple process as it faces multiple challenges that arise due to the mismanagement of the communication and coordination process. Meanwhile, Requirements Change Management (RCM) is a tedious and high resource-consuming process in GSD, which is further negatively affected by the poorly managed communication and coordination mechanisms. Multiple research studies have presented various theoretical and conceptual models to overcome the challenges during RCM in the GSD context. However, the existing methodologies lack in handling the communication and coordination challenges during the RCM process in the GSD context. In the literature, the researchers have concluded that a conceptual model can effectively reduce the communication and coordination challenges during RCM in GSD. Inspired by this, the current work aims at proposing a conceptual model to overcome and mitigate the communication and coordination challenges, while ensuring the effective requirement changes at offshore software development sites. Moreover, it would help the multiple stakeholders in understanding and managing the necessary resources before initiating the RCM process. To validate the proposed conceptual model, we have conducted a questionnaire-based survey to procure the results from the industrial experts working in the GSD domain. After analyzing the obtained results, we found that the proposed conceptual model is effective to handle the communication and coordination challenges up to 87%. In addition, almost 87% of the experts have agreed upon the correctness, identified challenges, and the mitigation practices in the proposed conceptual model necessary to improve the RCM process in the GSD context. Furthermore, it was observed that 75% of the experts also agreed upon the practical implementation of the proposed conceptual model in the software development industry to observe the heuristic performance of the proposed conceptual model.
... The main reasons for requirement's evolutions are (i) modification in the current software products, (ii) emergence of new technologies, (iii) eliminating the duplicate requirements, (iv) gaining the competitive edge in the markets, and (v) handling the user's expectations [12]- [14]. Consequently, Requirements Change Management (RCM) becomes a challenging and resource-consuming activity, especially when requested multiple times in the context of GSD [15]. Additionally, due to the massive number of requirements' changes, the development organizations conduct the RCM process in an imprecise manner; thereby, significantly increasing the required amount of development cost, time, and human effort [16]- [18]. ...
... In other words, it is required that different stakeholders at multiple sites must be updated with timely feedback [22]. To perform an effective RCM process, the development organization needs to adopt a robust RCM model supporting the communication and coordination challenges [15], [23], [25]. Note that the need for effectively managing the communication and coordination issues significantly increases especially in the context of GSD [26]- [31]. ...
Global Software Development (GSD) is widely used by software development organizations to ensure the development of a cost-effective software product. GSD has now become a common engineering practice adopted by a significant number of multinational software development organizations, and even individuals (freelancers) are seeking numerous benefits including low development cost, highly skilled workers, and access to better development ideas. However, communication and coordination challenges remain a prominent research issue in the GSD context, while performing different project-related activities especially for Requirements Change Management (RCM). As a result, improper communication and coordination during RCM require additional time, cost, and development resources. Thus, it is of vital importance to ensure proper communication and coordination before initiating a software project. Inspired by this, current work aims at exploring and mitigating the communication and coordination challenges during RCM in the GSD context. To accomplish the targeted research objective, we performed a tertiary study to provide a landscape of the challenges that occurred during RCM in the context of GSD. Based on the performed study, we found 62 communication and 14 coordination challenges. In total, 107 mitigation strategies are explored and reported that effectively address the categorized sub-challenges of communication and coordination. Moreover, we proposed a conceptual model useful to address the communication and coordination challenges for the RCM process in GSD. Furthermore, we consulted the domain experts for the validation of the proposed conceptual model. Based on the promising results, we believe that this work supports the project managers in managing the cost and time-related issues in the GSD context. Consequently, the proposed conceptual model would help in optimally utilizing the scared software development resources.
... [24] Yes Yes No Knowledge capture, storage, and reuse play a role in capturing and storing knowledge in the software development project process so that it can be reused in subsequent projects. [25] Yes between development teams so that they can support the success of software development projects. [28] No No Yes Knowledge sharing and transfer in software development play a role in the exploration process of various skills and opportunities as well as potential in software development. ...
... Three literature [18] [23] [24] revealed that knowledge capture and storage processes support the software development process. Two literature [25] [27] revealed that knowledge capture and transfer processes support the software development process. Three literature [21] [22] [32] revealed that the knowledge capture process supports the software development process. ...
Software quality is affected by its development process. The software development process, in general, goes through several stages, including project management, system requirements analysis, architecture, and design, implementation and testing. On each of these stages it cannot be separated from the process of capturing, storing, transferring and sharing knowledge between the developer and the stakeholders. This systematic review aimed to analyze the knowledge management process in the software development process. In this systematic review we used the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We reviewed twenty-two works of literature from several publisher sources and analyzed the knowledge management process in software development. The analysis revealed that the knowledge management process has an essential role in improving the quality of software developed. As a conclusion of this systematic review, knowledge management is one of the factors in determining software quality.
... Although some sources have been already studied, for example, licenses [12], self-admitted technical debt [28], and Stack Overflow [38], other sources have not been well-studied with regard to their impact and influence on software development, such as research papers and Wikipedia articles. • Further studies of source code comments to understand how knowledge (related to knowledge-based theory [44] and human capital [26], [40]) is summarized and shared via source code comments. Further analyses of source code comment contents [27] would be required. ...
... Fig. 8 presents the geographical barriers identified in this SLR. VOLUME XX, 2017 [31,41,55]. Strong social ties enable faster exchange of information [51]. ...
... The relocation of team members makes it easy to share knowledge and technical expertise between different teams [34,50]. Temporary relocation of team members helped individuals to share knowledge effectively and enabled mutual learning [55]. Further, it was also found that temporary rotation of team members between on-site and distributed teams allowed easier sharing of "business" and "domain" related knowledge [44]. ...
Knowledge is the most important resource in software development. The success of software development relies on knowledge sharing between software developers working across the globe. Global software development has brought many benefits to the software industry but at the same time knowledge sharing across diverse team members is one of the main concerns of global software development organizations. This study provides systematic literature review of 42 studies on knowledge sharing barriers and facilitators from 2010 to 2017 and classifies them into five main categories “Individual”, “Organizational”, “Technological”, “Cultural” and “Geographical”. In order to synthesize and represent the complexity of the knowledge sharing factors in a more manageable and visual manner, this research proposes concept maps for each category. The identified factors can be strategically used as guidelines in global software development organizations to boost the culture of knowledge sharing.
... • Further studies of source code comments to understand how knowledge (related to knowledge-based theory of the firm [44] and human capital [27], [40]) is summarized and shared via source code comments. Further analyses of source code comment contents [28] would be required. ...
Links are an essential feature of the World Wide Web, and source code repositories are no exception. However, despite their many undisputed benefits, links can suffer from decay, insufficient versioning, and lack of bidirectional traceability. In this paper, we investigate the role of links contained in source code comments from these perspectives. We conducted a large-scale study of around 9.6 million links to establish their prevalence, and we used a mixed-methods approach to identify the links' targets, purposes, decay, and evolutionary aspects. We found that links are prevalent in source code repositories, that licenses, software homepages, and specifications are common types of link targets, and that links are often included to provide metadata or attribution. Links are rarely updated, but many link targets evolve. Almost 10% of the links included in source code comments are dead. We then submitted a batch of link-fixing pull requests to open source software repositories, resulting in most of our fixes being merged successfully. Our findings indicate that links in source code comments can indeed be fragile, and our work opens up avenues for future work to address these problems.
... This situation directed us to derive research questions about the frequency of feedbacks and practices about feedbacks in distributed scrum teams. Aligned with our analyses, a recent study by Mansooreh et al. [5] indicates the importance of site visits in global software development. ...
In this study we dig for scrum application practices in distributed offshore development teams of a multinational company which has in-source offshore development centers across the world. Main location of the research is the Turkey center of the company.
... For RE and RCM, the organizations need powerful frameworks, which are proven helpful for effective and efficient requirements collection and change management in GSD [14], [25], [69]. While developing the frameworks for both RE and RCM, the issue of communication should be focused in the GSD. ...
Presently, global software development (GSD) is growing very rapidly. However, it is not an easy and straightforward process. Requirements engineering (RE) and requirements change management (RCM) both are considered as very challenging activities due to demanding rich communications. Because it is necessary to address geographical and cultural differences in GSD, this requirement makes RE and RCM challenging. This study investigates the importance of project management in RE and RCM processes. First, the frameworks with the phenomena of specialized project management are proposed for RE and RCM. Then, a survey and blind interviews of the experts are conducted to validate the proposed frameworks. Finally, statistical tools are applied to analyze the collected data. By utilizing the analyzed data, our results show the significant impacts of both frameworks (i.e., RE and RCM) in the GSD environment.
The stockbreeders in Sambilawang Village face challenges in managing their livestock using traditional methods, resulting in inefficiencies and potential income losses. This study aims to develop a mobile application-based monitoring system to enhance livestock management for stockbreeders in Sambilawang Village while fostering collaboration with potential investors. The proposed system is designed to offer an interactive digital platform that enables stockbreeders to monitor livestock growth, health, and condition efficiently. Notifications will be implemented to inform both stockbreeders and investors about key events such as readiness for sale, breeding, or milking, simplifying the process of buying and selling livestock. The implementation of the digital monitoring platform significantly improves the management of livestock in Sambilawang Village. Stockbreeders can now maintain accurate records and provide timely updates to potential investors, enhancing their income and facilitating collaboration with buyers. The application also streamlines the livestock sales process, reducing disruptions in meat distribution. In conclusion, the development of this mobile application-based monitoring system represents a crucial step in addressing the challenges faced by stockbreeders in Sambilawang Village. By promoting efficient livestock management and fostering collaboration with investors, this solution has the potential to stabilize the stockbreeding profession and benefit the entire community.
Heritage buildings are not only concerned with the shape and design of heritage that has been passed down from one generation to the next. The materials and technologies used are part of the inheritance of objects and intangibles that help strengthen the authenticity in a heritage work. This activity is a collaboration between the heritage community in Semarang City and Manilla City who visited Semarang. This activity aims to understand the authenticity of a heritage architectural work through material and technological elements in Asia through a comparison of similar works in the cities of Semarang and Philippine. The results of this activity are expected to be able to find a picture of authenticity in several examples of traditional architectural works in Asia and provide alternatives for the formation of place identities both in the city of Semarang and Manila.
