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Source publication
A recently reclaimed site in the Port of Rotterdam will serve as location and foundation of an LNG terminal. LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is recognized as hazardous material and underlies strict safety requirements. As part of the safety assessment of the entire installation, a specific analysis had to be carried out concerning the geotechnical aspe...
Contexts in source publication
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... paper describes an approach for a geotechnical reliability analysis problem in a real life project in 2007. For an LNG terminal to be built in the Port of Rotterdam, hydraulic sand filling was used to extend an existing artificial terrain in order to create space for 4 large LNG tanks (see Figure 1). ...
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... the reliability analysis, this sequence is mod- eled by a parallel "sub-system" in a fault tree, conse- quently combined by and AND-gate (see Figure 10). ...
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... examples of such scenarios are presented schematically in Figure 11. The main difference in this discrete distinction of possibilities is the as- sumption of which of the uncompacted volumes liq- uefy and how many at a time, with all the due conse- quences. ...
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... the defined scenarios are integrated in a fault tree (see Figure 12). For sake simplicity, the "con- servative", i.e. upper bound assumption of inde- pendence (actually even mutually exclusivity) is made (see 3.6). ...
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... order to check the calibrated parameter set, a number of undrained (CU) triaxial tests was exe- cuted on the same samples and simulated with the model. Measurements and prediction fitted reasona- bly well (see Figure 13). ...
Citations
In 2006 The Port of Rotterdam agreed with GATE to build a LNG import Terminal. The site that was selected for this purpose is located in the north western part of Maasvlakte 1 and had to be reclaimed from the harbor basin in a former sand borrow pit. Rotterdam Public Works designed the landfill to accommodate the LNG storage and process area. The objectives, given by the Port of Rotterdam at the start of the design process, were restrictive in that the reclamation should use as much local available sand as possible (d50 = 170 mu, natural slope >10:1) to construct slopes with an average steepness of 3 (h):1(v). Near the edge of the slope with a height of 30 meters, the giant LNG tanks will be constructed. The subsoil was partly dredged in the past up to 50 m below mean sea level. At the start of the works the actual bottom depth was around 35 m below MSL, meaning that the first 15 m of subsoil were locally of very poor quality. A special and unique design is made with sophisticated probabilistic analyses considering earthquake loading and considering different slope failure mechanisms , most importantly flow slide occurrence and breaching. This approach resulted in a balanced design which meets the strict safety requirements and the actual reclamation was a success. The terminal is currently under construction. The main works include three storage tanks with a diameter of 86 meter and a height of 55 meter, open rack vaporizers, pumps, compressors, piping and a dedicated harbour channel with to two jetties. Final commissioning is planned in 2011.
