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Otto Fenichel, Margaret Mahler, and Jenny Waelder at the 19 national Psychoanalytic Association, Marienbad. Courtesy of the Edw Memorial Archives, Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, Bosto
Citations
... In early 20 th century it adopted a strictly Freudian psychanalytic perspective -being psychanalysis the most fashionable theory to explain unconscious processes and the resulting behavior at that time -resulting in a politicization of psychanalysis. Therefore, psychanalysis swung between historical materialism (pointing at a Marxist psychoanalysis), a Neo-Freudian liberalism, and a solely medical specialty [5]. At the same time, Adler criticized the revolutionary policy of Bolshevism and authoritarian regimes as expressions of will of power and the related intoxication, opening the doors to reformist socialism [6]. ...
The aim of this article is to analyze the recent Russian behavior from a historical, cultural and psychological perspective in the attempt to better understand the sudden shift from a western oriented policy to the rejection of the West and the shift toward the East. In the West, progress has been conceived as a process of controlled linear change in the hope to develop and improve prosperity and wellbeing along the arrow of time. On the other hand, any change has been always conceived as an eschatological overturning in Russia, where the previous condition is radically refused and the new one is the result of its turn upside down. On psychological standpoint, this dual structure seems to depend on proneness to splitting and inability to integrate the opposites - a behavior similar to primary defense mechanisms of the infants that may persist in adult life. The Russian psychocultural inclination to a dual axiological structure also is in line with the dualist Orthodox religious belief, contemplating only heaven and hell and denying purgatory. The above century-old dual structure of Russian mentality is also compatible with Putin’s dual behavior, initially reproaching the West and then radically refusing it as a sort of absolute evil.
Psychoanalysis provides a framework for understanding how phenomena like parapraxes, fantasies, and dreams are indices of unconscious processes. In this way it is a particularly suspicious undertaking, linking surface clues to what, by definition, cannot be known. This essay attends to the suspicious and skeptical registers of psychoanalysis to sense a resonance between what is made visible and invisible in the making of “nation” and “human.” There is a secret history of psychoanalysis, in which it is bound up with political agitation, socialist movements, and skepticism of human exceptionalism. What about the suspicious method of psychoanalysis is threatening not only to psychic but to political repression? By tarrying in this secret history, and the strange, symptomatic ambivalences in psychoanalytic texts, this article suggests that the politically serviceable roots of psychoanalysis could be returned from their repression in the present day, to answer to contemporary abolitionist projects.
Introduction and hypothesisTo evaluate the evidence for pathologies underlying stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women.Methods
For the data sources, a structured search of the peer-reviewed literature (English language; 1960–April 2020) was conducted using predefined key terms in PubMed and Embase. Google Scholar was also searched. Peer-reviewed manuscripts that reported on anatomical, physiological or functional differences between females with signs and/or symptoms consistent with SUI and a concurrently recruited control group of continent females without any substantive urogynecological symptoms. Of 4629 publications screened, 84 met the inclusion criteria and were retained, among which 24 were included in meta-analyses.ResultsSelection bias was moderate to high; < 25% of studies controlled for major confounding variables for SUI (e.g., age, BMI and parity). There was a lack of standardization of methods among studies, and several measurement issues were identified. Results were synthesized qualitatively, and, where possible, random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Deficits in urethral and bladder neck structure and support, neuromuscular and mechanical function of the striated urethral sphincter (SUS) and levator ani muscles all appear to be associated with SUI. Meta-analyses showed that observed bladder neck dilation and lower functional urethral length, bladder neck support and maximum urethral closure pressures are strong characteristic signs of SUI.Conclusion
The pathology of SUI is multifactorial, with strong evidence pointing to bladder neck and urethral incompetence. While there is also evidence of impaired urethral support and levator ani function, standardized approaches to measurement are needed to generate higher levels of evidence.
Philip W. Bennett reflects on Wilhelm Reich's early writings on the term 'work democracy,' who was drawn to the fundamental question of the origins of human neuroses and began studying sociology as well as psychiatry and biology. Communist functionaries became wary of Reich's discussion of the sexual repression of the workers, especially the youth. They stopped distributing Reich's literature and formally threw him out of the German Communist Party a few months later in December 1932. Reich coined the term 'work democracy' in 1937. His archives, housed at the Countway Library of Medicine at Harvard, include numerous as yet unpublished papers on the topic. Reich insisted that fascism is not an ideology imposed upon people by Hitler or Stalin or other charismatic leader in 'The Natural Organization of Work.' The work of work democracy is work that meets living needs, work that is necessary for life.
